The Association Between Asthma and Endometriosis in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study

This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX U.S. multi-health-system database to assess whether patients diagnosed with asthma (ICD-10 J45) had a higher likelihood of subsequent concurrent endometriosis diagnosis (ICD-10 N80) than matched controls without asthma among female patients aged 12–50, with analyses stratified into four age bands (12–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50). After matching on age, race, ethnicity, female infertility (ICD-10 N97), inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs (ICD-10 N70–77), and uterine leiomyoma (ICD-10 D25), the asthma cohort showed an over threefold increased likelihood of endometriosis across all age-stratified groups (all p<0.0001), including relative risks of about 3.08–3.74 depending on age. A key limitation explicitly noted is reliance on ICD-10 coding, which may reflect provider diagnostic practices, and the possibility that asthma patients have greater healthcare contact and thus higher endometriosis diagnosis likelihood. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it evaluates the association between asthma and the risk of endometriosis diagnosis in a large U.S. female cohort.

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