SQL on FHIR — Tabular views of FHIR data using FHIRPath

SQL on FHIR — Tabular views of FHIR data using FHIRPath | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article SQL on FHIR — Tabular views of FHIR data using FHIRPath John Grimes, Ryan Brush, Nikolai Rhyzhikov, Piotr Szul, Joshua Mandel, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6027188/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in npj Digital Medicine → Version 1 posted 16 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is becoming a more common format forexchanging health data. However, it remains unfamiliar to most analytic users, and there is aneed to make it easier to integrate with existing tools. In 2023, the 'SQL on FHIR' working group began work on a standard, implementation-agnosticmethod for defining views that produce tabular data from FHIR resources. SQL on FHIR viewdefinitions can be written to cover common use cases, and shared and executed across a widevariety of technology platforms. SQL on FHIR views help to bridge the gap between complex FHIR data structures and generic analysis tools. This approach lowers the cost of integrating FHIR data with analytics and machine learning tools and provides a foundation for reusability and reproducibility for this emerging new source of health data. Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Data integration Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Data processing Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Standards Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. NR holds ownership interest in a company that has incorporated concepts presented in this paper into commercial products. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in npj Digital Medicine → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Feb, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Feb, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Feb, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 17 Feb, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 17 Feb, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6027188","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":429132056,"identity":"32079989-e8d8-4e63-abd3-d9e41012dfab","order_by":0,"name":"John Grimes","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9gYeIFnDACIZHzAwSBDWwgjWcgyshdmAeC2MDWA2GxHqQVrae489YGy4J6Pb3v6s4scfi3x+BuZnePUy9pxLN2BsKOYxO3PG7GZvm4TlzAY2M/xaZuSYSTD2JfCY3chhu83YIGFgcICBGC1tQC33nz8rZvgD0sL+Da8WQbiWGwxmzMAQAGrhwW+LNM8ZM4mEY0AtZ3KMJYF+MZBs5im2wKeFj73HTOJDTYK92fHjDz/8+FNnwM/evvEGPi1gkIDCYyaofhSMglEwCkYBIQAA1dE/w7CF1YQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"John","middleName":"","lastName":"Grimes","suffix":""},{"id":429132057,"identity":"b4b4c8ba-2026-4d20-95c4-a128e77f2894","order_by":1,"name":"Ryan Brush","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Google Health","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryan","middleName":"","lastName":"Brush","suffix":""},{"id":429132058,"identity":"6b54f80b-fd68-489c-9a5f-50ca2743866b","order_by":2,"name":"Nikolai Rhyzhikov","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Health Samurai","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nikolai","middleName":"","lastName":"Rhyzhikov","suffix":""},{"id":429132059,"identity":"434e521a-886f-4877-92e2-8ea979e483f6","order_by":3,"name":"Piotr Szul","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Piotr","middleName":"","lastName":"Szul","suffix":""},{"id":429132062,"identity":"9b5d9edf-7721-48db-93b3-19ea60d34a51","order_by":4,"name":"Joshua Mandel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Microsoft (United States)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joshua","middleName":"","lastName":"Mandel","suffix":""},{"id":429132065,"identity":"d63aa7ed-202e-4480-bfe0-2728f05d81a0","order_by":5,"name":"Daniel Gottlieb","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central Square Solutions","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"","lastName":"Gottlieb","suffix":""},{"id":429132067,"identity":"9603580d-477c-4658-8529-0174d2b5109b","order_by":6,"name":"Grahame Grieve","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Health Intersections","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Grahame","middleName":"","lastName":"Grieve","suffix":""},{"id":429132068,"identity":"6dcda6c0-e0f2-47de-a796-c3149a684765","order_by":7,"name":"Bashir Sadjad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Google","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bashir","middleName":"","lastName":"Sadjad","suffix":""},{"id":429132069,"identity":"2e1a4e6f-c0fb-45f4-a458-92b74ad7b4b6","order_by":8,"name":"Arjun Sanyal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Antidote Solutions","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arjun","middleName":"","lastName":"Sanyal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-14 04:23:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6027188/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6027188/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01708-w","type":"published","date":"2025-06-09T15:57:19+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84726483,"identity":"79b4c678-fdc8-43b6-b996-81b7c70c2a68","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-16 16:05:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":983718,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"sqlonfhirnpjdm20250214.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6027188/v1_covered_21fad31e-a5ff-4b97-8c78-d405011da4be.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"Competing interest reported. 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