Higher-Dimensional Study of Cosmic Evolution in f(R, T) Gravity with MLE Validation

Higher-Dimensional Study of Cosmic Evolution in f(R, T) Gravity with MLE Validation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Higher-Dimensional Study of Cosmic Evolution in f(R, T) Gravity with MLE Validation Navya Jain, R. K. Mishra This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6388155/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents the cosmological implications of f (R, T) gravity using an n-dimensional metric inspired by Kaluza-Klein theory. By integrating the curvature scalar R and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor T , we construct a comprehensive model of cosmic evolution. Through a detailed analysis of key parameters, including pressure, energy density, the equation of state (EoS) parameter, and the Hubble parameter across different redshift ranges, our findings reveal groundbreaking insights into the universe’s complex evolution. We identify a critical transition from an early period of rapid expansion to the present era, when dark energy’s influence induced accelerated cosmic growth, marked by a positive deceleration parameter. To ensure observational relevance, the model’s predictions are validated against Hubble parameter datasets using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The results affirm the consistency of the f (R, T) framework with cosmological observations and highlight the significant influence of higher-dimensional geometry on cosmic evolution, offering new perspectives on structure formation and the universe’s future trajectory. These findings enhance our understanding of how extra dimensions shape the universe’s expansion history and its ultimate fate. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6388155","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":451500469,"identity":"ba257b14-5125-4f9c-92e3-3beffbab8574","order_by":0,"name":"Navya Jain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Navya","middleName":"","lastName":"Jain","suffix":""},{"id":451500470,"identity":"70348593-3f4f-4e16-82a7-e7fbb40b149c","order_by":1,"name":"R. K. 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