Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images

Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images Thibaud Denneulin, András Kovács, Raluca Boltje, Nikolai S. Kiselev, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3950752/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Magnetic skyrmions are quasi-particles with a swirling spin texture that form two-dimensional lattices. Skyrmion lattices can exhibit defects in response to geometric constraints, variations of temperature or applied magnetic fields. Measuring deformations in skyrmion lattices is important to understand the interplay between the lattice structure and external influences. Geometric phase analysis (GPA) is a Fourier-based image processing method that is used to measure deformation fields in high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of crystalline materials. Here, we show that GPA can be applied quantitatively to Lorentz TEM images of two-dimensional skyrmion lattices obtained in a chiral magnet of FeGe. First, GPA is used to map deformation fields around a 5-7 dislocation and the results are compared with linear elastic theory. Second, rotation angles between skyrmion crystal grains are measured and compared with angles calculated from the density of dislocations. Third, an orientational order parameter and the corresponding correlation function are calculated to describe the evolution of the disorder as a function of applied magnetic field. The influence of sources of artifacts such as geometric distortions and large defoci are also discussed. PACS: 12.39.Dc, 81.40.Lm, 68.37.Lp Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Physical sciences/Physics Magnetic skyrmions Lorentz TEM geometric phase analysis deformations Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files supplement.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Mar, 2024 Reviews received at journal 03 Mar, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Feb, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 21 Feb, 2024 Editor invited by journal 21 Feb, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Feb, 2024 First submitted to journal 12 Feb, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3950752","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":272407822,"identity":"002b4189-2378-47e9-8e3f-5be754c1f19a","order_by":0,"name":"Thibaud Denneulin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDklEQVRIie2RMUsDMRTHXwjcLblzjch9h0jgXEr9KoaDzkqXjlcKcZJb229ht26mBOySD3DgoOIXOHAqCvU1rYPQQEeh+fFIMrwf/7wEIBL5nwi/5hTI2wiAYtWG1IB1GParJBSocF4hxypY3Pnjrj+oXAOdf9wtekqn2fPIfEMqVuOxWS+gaIIpyVDO3EBpmg9aw7a3W9bLBwdyFohhwMqLTFtUWPnS8Q0Vraot0aAeTVC5+sr0xiu3RmDK6/tOeQorJc208QqYG1Rask8JzWKTIV6skqhIbgzQc6dwFs3lNJCS3k/mn5nuF82Zu+zwxap8ZW231r2iCYy//bo/VPudB/oP0D++NRKJRE6FH+OXWKtKhvOSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ernst Ruska-Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thibaud","middleName":"","lastName":"Denneulin","suffix":""},{"id":272407823,"identity":"e12de02c-f21c-476b-a9c1-298b8ed94261","order_by":1,"name":"András Kovács","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ernst Ruska-Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"András","middleName":"","lastName":"Kovács","suffix":""},{"id":272407824,"identity":"712e8b17-2474-433b-ab6a-73f43680ca8a","order_by":2,"name":"Raluca Boltje","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ernst Ruska-Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Raluca","middleName":"","lastName":"Boltje","suffix":""},{"id":272407825,"identity":"a19693b1-3b30-4235-a891-7c2ae316be7e","order_by":3,"name":"Nikolai S. 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