ORIS v0.1 — Open Radiographic Imaging Schema for Dental Panoramic Reports: A Digital Dental-Formula Analogue for Documenting Imaging Findings

ORIS v0.1 — Open Radiographic Imaging Schema for Dental Panoramic Reports: A Digital Dental-Formula Analogue for Documenting Imaging Findings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article ORIS v0.1 — Open Radiographic Imaging Schema for Dental Panoramic Reports: A Digital Dental-Formula Analogue for Documenting Imaging Findings Sergo Manukov This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584774/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Panoramic radiographs are a high-volume two-dimensional imaging modality in dentistry, depicting the dentition, maxillomandibular bone, temporomandibular joint, and upper-airway projections. The imaging findings section of panoramic-radiograph reports has been standardised in general radiology at the level of templates and lexicons, and a community-endorsed open machine-readable lexicon already exists for one specific imaging modality — the lexicon for perfusion magnetic resonance imaging from the Open-Source Initiative for Perfusion Imaging. For dental panoramic findings, however, no equivalent open, panoramic-specific, report-level, executable schema has been published. Here we propose ORIS v0.1, the Open Radiographic Imaging Schema: an MIT-licensed schema that satisfies five intersecting criteria — open, panoramic-specific, report-level, executable, and intended as an intermediate representation for findings — none of which holds together for the existing alternatives. Each tooth position is encoded by a universal six-character code whose final character is the Occupant, with fourteen object types covering natural teeth, implants, autotransplants, absence, root remnants, supernumerary teeth, and the principal fixed and removable prosthetic designs. Tooth findings are described by a layered status formula over five surfaces, with three additional ontologies for anatomical landmarks, the temporomandibular joint, and the airway and sinuses. The reference parser achieved complete technical encodability within the internal adult OPG cohort (136 radiographs; 4,352 expert-curated tooth-position records). Computational convergence between thirty-one independent algorithms ranged between 0.94 and 1.00. The schema complements the radiologist's clinical reasoning rather than replacing it, and is released as an open starting point for community development. Health sciences/Medical research/Outcomes research Health sciences/Health care/Dentistry Health sciences/Health care/Medical imaging dental panoramic radiography structured reporting imaging findings schema universal tooth nomenclature temporomandibular joint maxillary sinus mandibular canal dental implants machine-readable candidate open schema Full Text Additional Declarations There is no conflict of interest Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9584774","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":640490140,"identity":"e16668b8-b0f6-4886-92f6-11b613a0ffb4","order_by":0,"name":"Sergo Manukov","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAwwM/GCGAQMP8VokG0jWYnCAWCfJTzv87DHPGZvEzbebj0nzFNTJ8Es3ML/4gEeLwe00c2OeG2mJ2+4cS5PmMTjMIznnAJvlDHxapBPMpHk+HDY2u5FjdnOGwQEegxsJbMb4fCQ/O/0bWIvxjPxvQC11EC1/8Hnmdg7QlhuH5QwkcthufDBgBmlhfoxPh8HtnDLJOWfS5CRupJn/+ADyy4zENsYe/A7bJvHmmA0P/4zkxwYJf+rs+SWSD3/4gc8aLICxTYJEHQwMzPiiZRSMglEwCkYeAADqIEz72C1+LwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-2677","institution":"Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sergo","middleName":"","lastName":"Manukov","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-01 09:40:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584774/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584774/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109759872,"identity":"be0f15af-072f-4c12-83ee-f2c3aa652d50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-22 07:27:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":601202,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Article File","description":"","filename":"ORISv01v27MANUSCRIPTforIJOS.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9584774/v1_covered_bce7f3ca-14b8-4933-9cf3-cb143c4cf06f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is no conflict of interest","formattedTitle":"ORIS v0.1 — Open Radiographic Imaging Schema for Dental Panoramic Reports: A Digital Dental-Formula Analogue for Documenting Imaging Findings","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"dental panoramic radiography, structured reporting, imaging findings schema, universal tooth nomenclature, temporomandibular joint, maxillary sinus, mandibular canal, dental implants, machine-readable, candidate open schema","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584774/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584774/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Panoramic radiographs are a high-volume two-dimensional imaging modality in dentistry, depicting the dentition, maxillomandibular bone, temporomandibular joint, and upper-airway projections. 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Each tooth position is encoded by a universal six-character code whose final character is the Occupant, with fourteen object types covering natural teeth, implants, autotransplants, absence, root remnants, supernumerary teeth, and the principal fixed and removable prosthetic designs. Tooth findings are described by a layered status formula over five surfaces, with three additional ontologies for anatomical landmarks, the temporomandibular joint, and the airway and sinuses. The reference parser achieved complete technical encodability within the internal adult OPG cohort (136 radiographs; 4,352 expert-curated tooth-position records). Computational convergence between thirty-one independent algorithms ranged between 0.94 and 1.00. 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