A Contact-Mode Interface Strategy for Improving the Piezoelectric Performance of ZnO Nanowire-Based Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators

A Contact-Mode Interface Strategy for Improving the Piezoelectric Performance of ZnO Nanowire-Based Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL Micro & Nano Letters This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 12 May 2026 V1 Latest version Share on A Contact-Mode Interface Strategy for Improving the Piezoelectric Performance of ZnO Nanowire-Based Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators Authors : Hao Zhang 0009-0009-7860-5716 [email protected] , Dexiang Zhang [email protected] , Graham Wood [email protected] , Rasool Alias Osama [email protected] , Camelia Dunare [email protected] , Peter Lomax [email protected] , and Rebecca Cheung [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15003125/v1 13 views 16 downloads Contents Abstract Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract A contact-mode interface strategy is proposed to improve the piezoelectric performance of ZnO nanowires (NWs)-based vertically integrated nanogenerator (VING). In conventional full-coverage mode, direct spin-coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) onto ZnO NW arrays often leads to polymer infiltration, nonuniform surface morphology, and inefficient stress transfer, all of which reduce output performance. In this work, PMMA was first spin-coated onto an Al foil and then laminated onto the ZnO NWs, forming a controlled contact interface that also served as the top electrode. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to investigate the effects of ZnO NW aspect ratio, PMMA thickness, and interface configuration on piezoelectric output, followed by device fabrication and experimental characterization under compressive loading. The results show that interface configuration and ZnO NW aspect ratio have a much greater impact on device performance than PMMA thickness. Among the tested devices, the contact-mode device based on 40 mM ZnO NWs and 1 μm PMMA delivered the best overall performance, achieving a power density of 220 μW/cm³. This study demonstrate that contact-mode interface is an effective approach for enhancing ZnO NWs-based VING and highlights their potential for self-powered flexible and wearable electronics. Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 12 May 2026 Collection Micro & Nano Letters Keywords membranes nanowires MOSFET electric current measurement field emission flash memories photodetectors Schottky barriers graphene devices nanotube devices MIS devices molybdenum compounds piezoelectric materials piezoelectric devices polymer structure MOSFET electric current measurement field emission flash memories photodetectors Schottky barriers graphene devices nanotube devices MIS devices molybdenum compounds membranes nanowires Authors Affiliations Hao Zhang 0009-0009-7860-5716 [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Dexiang Zhang [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Graham Wood [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Rasool Alias Osama [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Camelia Dunare [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Peter Lomax [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Rebecca Cheung [email protected] IMNS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 13 views 16 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Hao Zhang, Dexiang Zhang, Graham Wood, et al. A Contact-Mode Interface Strategy for Improving the Piezoelectric Performance of ZnO Nanowire-Based Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators. Authorea . 12 May 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15003125/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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