Influence of Granite and Iron Ore Waste Incorporation on the Mechanical Behavior of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete

Influence of Granite and Iron Ore Waste Incorporation on the Mechanical Behavior of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of Granite and Iron Ore Waste Incorporation on the Mechanical Behavior of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Ahmed M. Elhussiny, Mohamed H. Mourad, Shady Rizk, Ezzaat A. Sallam This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999755/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Granite waste (GW) and iron ore waste (IOW) represent significant environmental challenges in Egypt. This study uniquely explores their combined use as partial replacements for conventional aggregates in ultra-high-strength green concrete (UHSGC). Both GW and IOW are industrial byproducts with stable mineral compositions, angular particle shapes, and particle size distributions comparable to those of traditional fine and coarse aggregates. In this investigation, 50% of natural dolomite was replaced with GW, and 40% of natural sand was substituted with IOW. To enhance mechanical performance, steel fibers and silica fume were incorporated into concrete mixtures. A comprehensive experimental program assessed mechanical properties through tests of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Microstructural analyses, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), were also conducted. Results showed that replacing natural dolomite with GW significantly improved the mechanical performance of UHSGC, while the combined use of GW and IOW enhanced early-age compressive strength at 3 days. Furthermore, the approach offers notable environmental and economic benefits. Microstructural analysis confirmed that GW contributes to a more homogeneous matrix, attributed to its filler effect and enhanced pozzolanic activity. Ultra-high-strength concrete Granite waste Iron ore waste Mechanical properties Microstructure analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 01 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 10 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 04 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 31 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7999755","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":547134295,"identity":"09074db1-b418-4197-aad8-bf38ac415f5b","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmed M. 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Concrete","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-materials","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"dime","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Materials](https://www.springer.com/journal/43939)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Materials","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ultra-high-strength concrete, Granite waste, Iron ore waste, Mechanical properties, Microstructure analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999755/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999755/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eGranite waste (GW) and iron ore waste (IOW) represent significant environmental challenges in Egypt. This study uniquely explores their combined use as partial replacements for conventional aggregates in ultra-high-strength green concrete (UHSGC). Both GW and IOW are industrial byproducts with stable mineral compositions, angular particle shapes, and particle size distributions comparable to those of traditional fine and coarse aggregates. In this investigation, 50% of natural dolomite was replaced with GW, and 40% of natural sand was substituted with IOW. To enhance mechanical performance, steel fibers and silica fume were incorporated into concrete mixtures. A comprehensive experimental program assessed mechanical properties through tests of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Microstructural analyses, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), were also conducted. Results showed that replacing natural dolomite with GW significantly improved the mechanical performance of UHSGC, while the combined use of GW and IOW enhanced early-age compressive strength at 3 days. Furthermore, the approach offers notable environmental and economic benefits. Microstructural analysis confirmed that GW contributes to a more homogeneous matrix, attributed to its filler effect and enhanced pozzolanic activity.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Influence of Granite and Iron Ore Waste Incorporation on the Mechanical Behavior of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-19 13:18:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999755/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-01T16:22:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-23T23:56:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-23T07:19:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-18T19:46:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"48498080491344645030350797151313145394","date":"2025-11-15T23:38:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"20548006360663533593297249070734492717","date":"2025-11-11T13:13:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T07:56:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"120272388600885552050573997190238778521","date":"2025-11-11T07:47:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"119151952340531903589931515567677626582","date":"2025-11-10T13:55:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T13:08:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T12:44:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-04T11:08:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-04T11:07:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Materials","date":"2025-10-31T15:01:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-materials","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"dime","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Materials](https://www.springer.com/journal/43939)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Materials","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ceedb5cc-4f81-4c93-ad20-f700b7303464","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-06T15:53:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-19 13:18:57","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7999755","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7999755","identity":"rs-7999755","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}