Designing Charge Carrier and Exciton Dynamics for Efficient Organic Long-Persistent Luminescence

Designing Charge Carrier and Exciton Dynamics for Efficient Organic Long-Persistent Luminescence | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Designing Charge Carrier and Exciton Dynamics for Efficient Organic Long-Persistent Luminescence Ryota Kabe, Rengo Yoshioka, Liliia Moshniaha This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9542503/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL) relies on the generation and storage of charges that later recombine to produce delayed emission. Efficient OLPL, therefore, requires simultaneous control of charge separation, long-lived charge retention, and emissive charge recombination, which makes rational material design difficult. Here, we analyze the individual steps of the OLPL mechanism to understand how each process contributes to persistent emission and how they can be combined to achieve a highly performing OLPL. We show that tuning the molecular orbitals of constituent molecules controls charge generation, charge retention, and the energy of the intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) excited states, whereas the alignment of intermolecular CT and locally excited (LE) states determines whether recombination produces weak CT or bright LE emission. Based on this understanding, we combined CT-mediated charge generation with trap-assisted charge retention and achieved bright LPL through LE–CT hybridization. Here, we provide a practical route for identifying and optimizing materials suitable for efficient, air-stable, and color-tunable OLPL. Physical sciences/Chemistry/Physical chemistry/Excited states Physical sciences/Chemistry/Photochemistry/Solar cells Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for optics/Lasers, LEDs and light sources/Organic LEDs Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9542503","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":639803800,"identity":"077a3dd7-f1fa-4f95-b9d2-e80a776ab880","order_by":0,"name":"Ryota Kabe","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIie3QsQrCMBCA4ZNCpnPv1L7Cle72VRIEn8FNQXDSPaAPoQiuVg7q0gfIqIuzbg4ZTFEQF1M3kfxTGvjIXQFCoR+s0P3DTQJjkXIJ0t10xh5CZiDLC1RJpoV0hFqQuqa9hjong9R8+wejw4wYwai1xuvxaC1EC88zxQQbclG7dL4hNXWDLcvPpBc9yVp3t7EaO6LlZ5I3xIIZrQyeY2lbkOwxWK0cEbEULQixkIxUucFE7nbJ0bsLcVQyDtmtz6fTzSZJ5vtjT/g6YqbbiLfS+GsSCoVCf94dcs5PjyoCSAIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-4262","institution":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryota","middleName":"","lastName":"Kabe","suffix":""},{"id":639803801,"identity":"50f9083a-d383-4d75-9239-39ac952fffab","order_by":1,"name":"Rengo Yoshioka","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-4140","institution":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rengo","middleName":"","lastName":"Yoshioka","suffix":""},{"id":639803802,"identity":"4919dfad-6afc-428b-99f7-9019afd40bd6","order_by":2,"name":"Liliia Moshniaha","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-178X","institution":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liliia","middleName":"","lastName":"Moshniaha","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-27 13:37:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9542503/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9542503/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109244856,"identity":"68d5d95e-48c6-47e3-b566-e040930dffa3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-14 07:42:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":840097,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Article File","description":"","filename":"TADFup20260511final.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9542503/v1_covered_d0d48cdb-4e6a-4c38-bee5-ce1fcf30ccb0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Designing Charge Carrier and Exciton Dynamics for Efficient Organic Long-Persistent Luminescence","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9542503/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9542503/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL) relies on the generation and storage of charges that later recombine to produce delayed emission. 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