Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Health-related Quality of Life of Corporate Bank Workers in Resource-limited City

Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Health-related Quality of Life of Corporate Bank Workers in Resource-limited City | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Health-related Quality of Life of Corporate Bank Workers in Resource-limited City Edward Wilson Ansah, Prince Adjei, Michael Agyei This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9013053/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective: Promoting physical activity participation among highly sedentary workers is imperative to prevent the increasing rate of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes, and other cardiovascular conditions among such workers. Corporate banking workers’ daily over-reliance on technology at the workplace adds to this sedentariness thus, preventing them from even engaging in leisure time activities. Research on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among such workers in developing nations is clouded. This study investigates the level of LTPA and its influence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of corporate banking workers in Ghana. Data description: This cross-sectional study surveyed 178 corporate bank workers, using convenient sampling methods, sampled from all clusters within the population. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire–Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF) were used to assess LTPA and HRQoL respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the levels of LTPA and HRQoL, while regression analysis was performed to explore associations among the variables. Most of the workers reported moderate to low levels of LTPA but generally high HRQoL scores. No significant association was found between LTPA and HRQoL (0.8% variance). Objective Technological advancement is reducing physical work demands, active transportation, and daily active routines. LTPA becomes a critical intervention to enhance overall physical activity, counteracting sedentariness. Workers in sedentary occupations, including corporate bankers need to engage in structured and purposeful moderate-to-vigorous LTPA to support sustainable health and improved quality of life and productivity. Regular physical activity is pivotal to good health in all populations, supporting every aspect of health and vitality or quality of life (Bull et al., 2020; Nyakotey et al., 2022; Ofori & Angmorterh, 2019). Staying active has been identified to help people live healthy life, boosting mood, social connections and life span (Guthold et al., 2018; Ofori & Angmorterh, 2019). While physical activity has the tendency to prevent health problems, it is not adequately built into the daily lives and sociocultural systems of many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ghana (Atorkey et al., 2019; Ofori et al., 2018; Owusu et al., 2021), especially occupational health programs. So, this study examines the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among corporate banking workers who, albeit are considered sedentary workers. For corporate professionals in resource-limited urban settings in Ghana, time constraints and work-related pressures often exacerbate their sedentariness. Thus, measuring HRQoL in this worker group offers a critical lens through which burden of preventable illnesses and functional impairments could be assessed, while revealing the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and long-term health outcomes (Barradas et al., 2019; Ha et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2018). Promoting improvements in HRQoL through regular physical activity is a strategic approach to enhancing overall well-being and productivity of corporate banking workforce (Shao et al., 2021). This study investigates LTPA and HRQoL levels and examines how LTPA is associated with HRQoL among corporate banking workers within Kumasi in Ghana. Data description The study was conducted in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, an urban commercial center where modernization and sedentary work routines have reduced opportunities for physical activity, particularly among bank employees. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 178 permanent workers were conveniently sampled from 46 purposively selected corporate banks in the central business district. Participants were aged 18–65 years, with a mean age of 37.35 years. Data were collected using a 25-item self-reported questionnaire adapted from the IPAQ-SF and the WHOQoL-BREF, alongside anthropometric measurements. Ethical approval was obtained (UCCIRB/CES/2023/225), and data were collected via Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS. Results showed that most participants were male, married, held bachelor’s degrees, and were overweight or obese. Although workers demonstrated positive perceptions about the health benefits of physical activity, actual engagement in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was low. Only about 40% reported frequent participation in LTPA, while the majority engaged rarely or only occasionally. Walking and active house chores were the most common activities, with fewer participants engaging in structured or vigorous exercises. Overall, approximately 91% of the workers were classified as having low to moderate levels of physical activity, indicating predominantly sedentary lifestyles despite awareness of physical activity benefits. Table 1: Perceptions, Opportunity for Active Leisure and Activity Level of Respondents Response Frequency Percentage Perception that PA improve health Not at all 2 1.1 Somehow 6 3.4 Fairly 18 10.1 Yes, sure 55 30.9 Absolutely 96 53.9 Missing data 1 0.6 Opportunity for active leisure Never 5 2.8 Hardly 37 20.8 Sometimes 64 36.0 Frequently 51 28.7 Very frequently 20 11.2 Missing data 1 0.6 Physical activity level High 16 9.0 Moderate 99 55.6 Low 63 35.4 Totals 178 100 Most workers reported a positive HRQoL, with many rating it as good or very good and none reporting poor overall HRQoL. However, LTPA explained only a negligible (0.8%) proportion of variance in HRQoL. Logistic regression model indicated that BMI significantly and positively predicted (OR=1.9, 90.5% increase in odds) HRQoL. Education level also showed a strong negative effect (OR=2.29, 59.5% decrease in odds) HRQoL.. Age, sex, and marital status had minimal effects. Despite positive attitudes toward physical activity, consistent with Self-Determination Theory, only about 40% of workers frequently engaged in LTPA, indicating high sedentary behavior. Most physical activity reported was low to moderate intensity and below WHO recommendations (150–300 min/week moderate or 75–150 min/week vigorous physical activity), reflecting broader trends in Ghana where activity is largely incidental rather than structured (Atorkey et al., 2019; Mensah et al., 2022; Sirikyi et al., 2021). This is concerning given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among participants (Aberman et al., 2022; Afrifa-Anane et al., 2020; Woessner et al., 2021) and the health risks associated with sedentary work. Interestingly, high HRQoL was observed despite low physical activity levels, possibly due to the relatively young age of participants (mean age of 37.35 years) and access to healthcare. Nonetheless, sustaining HRQoL requires regular physical activity, healthy lifestyles, and supportive environments. The findings highlight the need for workplace interventions that promote structured LTPA to reduce sedentary behavior, improve health outcomes, and support productivity among corporate bank workers. Limitations Though this study provides valuable evidence of bankers in resourced-limited cities, it has some limitations. First, the study’s instrument was self-reported, and therefore, the validity of the data collected is partially dependent on the sincerity and accurate recall of the workers. Possible biases that may result from overrating, underrating, poor recall, and insincerity are unavoidable. Again, the data was collected with google form; hence responses to the questions were solely reliant on respondents’ ability to read, comprehend and provide the appropriate responses. Abbreviations LTPA, leisure-time physical activity HRQoL, health-related quality of life Declarations Acknowledgments We thank the managers for granting us permission to carry out this study at their facilities. We are equally grateful to all workers who provided us data for this study. Funding: There was no funding for this study. Author contributions EWA: Conceptualisation, method, supervision, writing and reviewing, validation, and final approval. PA: Conceptualisation, data collection, data analysis, drafting, validation, and final manuscript. MA: Supervision, method, editing, validations, and final approval Competing interests: The authors declare that have no competing interests. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Cape Coast in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The protocol number for this approval is UCCIRB/CES/2023/225. Consent to participate: All participants provided informed consent for participation and the voluntary nature of the study, and that they could withdraw from the study any time with no consequence. Consent to publish: All participants provided informed consent for the anonymous use and publication of their responses. Data availability: The datasets generated and analysed in this study are not publicly available but would be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Code availability: Not applicable. References Aberman NL, Osei-Asare YB, Nketiah-Amponsah E. (2022). The double burden of malnutrition in Ghana. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 43(2), 197–210. ttps://doi.org/10.1177/03795721221097994 Afrifa-Anane E, Agyei-Mensah S, Osei-Akoto I. (2020). Association between physical inactivity and overweight/obesity among Ghanaian adults. BMC Public Health, 20, 210. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8335-4 Atorkey P, Owiredu WKBA, Laing EF et al. (2019). Physical activity patterns and health-related quality of life among Ghanaians with type 2 diabetes. PLOS ONE, 14(5), e0217563. ttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217563 Barradas DT, Bowling JM, Smith RA. (2019). Health-related quality of life and cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults in the United States. Preventing Chronic Disease, 16, E100. ttps://doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180581 Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–62. ttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077–86. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 Ha JW, Lee SJ, Seo HS et al. (2021). Relationship between lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life in the Korean population. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 42(4), 287–93. ttps://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0184 Mensah CM, Adu-Gyamfi S, Osei K et al. (2022). Trends in physical activity in Ghana: Analysis from WHO STEPS surveys. BMC Public Health, 22, 1287. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13629-z Nyakotey F, Asiamah N, Mensah CM. (2022). Physical activity and non-communicable disease risk in Ghanaian adults. Health Promotion International, 37(5), daac042. ttps://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac042 Ofori EK, Angmorterh SK. (2019). Sedentary behaviour and chronic disease risk in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 19, 650. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6940-3 Ofori EK, Owiredu WKBA, Laing EF et al. (2018). Physical activity and HRQoL among Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1438. ttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071438 Owusu AF, Anto EO, Twumasi-Ankrah B. (2021). Physical inactivity and its associated health risks in Ghana. African Health Sciences, 21(1), 191–9. ttps://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.25 Shao Y, Wang Y, Zhang D et al. (2021). Physical activity and HRQoL in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 29(5), 823–30. ttps://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0387 Sirikyi I, Addo MA, Adu-Gyamfi S. (2021). Sedentary behaviour and public health in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 55(3), 153–60. ttps://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v55i3.3 Woessner MN, Tacey A, Levinger I et al. (2021). The importance of physical activity to health and well-being. Clinical Therapeutics, 43(3), 403–15. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.006 Zhang Y, Dong H, Jiang Y et al. (2018). Association of HRQoL with physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 235. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0921-0 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 03 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 13 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 12 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 11 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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LTPA becomes a critical intervention to enhance overall physical activity, counteracting sedentariness. Workers in sedentary occupations, including corporate bankers need to engage in structured and purposeful moderate-to-vigorous LTPA to support sustainable health and improved quality of life and productivity. Regular physical activity is pivotal to good health in all populations, supporting every aspect of health and vitality or quality of life (Bull et al., 2020; Nyakotey et al., 2022; Ofori \u0026amp; Angmorterh, 2019). Staying active has been identified to help people live healthy life, boosting mood, social connections and life span (Guthold et al., 2018; Ofori \u0026amp; Angmorterh, 2019). While physical activity has the tendency to prevent health problems, it is not adequately built into the daily lives and sociocultural systems of many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ghana (Atorkey et al., 2019; Ofori et al., 2018; Owusu et al., 2021), especially occupational health programs. So, this study examines the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among corporate banking workers who, albeit are considered sedentary workers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor corporate professionals in resource-limited urban settings in Ghana, time constraints and work-related pressures often exacerbate their sedentariness. Thus, measuring HRQoL in this worker group offers a critical lens through which burden of preventable illnesses and functional impairments could be assessed, while revealing the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and long-term health outcomes (Barradas et al., 2019; Ha et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2018). Promoting improvements in HRQoL through regular physical activity is a strategic approach to enhancing overall well-being and productivity of corporate banking workforce (Shao et al., 2021). This study investigates LTPA and HRQoL levels and examines how LTPA is associated with HRQoL among corporate banking workers within Kumasi in Ghana.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Data description","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, an urban commercial center where modernization and sedentary work routines have reduced opportunities for physical activity, particularly among bank employees. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 178 permanent workers were conveniently sampled from 46 purposively selected corporate banks in the central business district. Participants were aged 18\u0026ndash;65 years, with a mean age of 37.35 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were collected using a 25-item self-reported questionnaire adapted from the IPAQ-SF and the WHOQoL-BREF, alongside anthropometric measurements. Ethical approval was obtained (UCCIRB/CES/2023/225), and data were collected via Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults showed that most participants were male, married, held bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degrees, and were overweight or obese. Although workers demonstrated positive perceptions about the health benefits of physical activity, actual engagement in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was low. Only about 40% reported frequent participation in LTPA, while the majority engaged rarely or only occasionally. Walking and active house chores were the most common activities, with fewer participants engaging in structured or vigorous exercises. Overall, approximately 91% of the workers were classified as having low to moderate levels of physical activity, indicating predominantly sedentary lifestyles despite awareness of physical activity benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceptions, Opportunity for Active Leisure and Activity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLevel of Respondents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResponse\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePerception that PA improve health\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot at all\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSomehow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFairly\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes, sure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsolutely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMissing data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOpportunity for active leisure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHardly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery frequently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMissing data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhysical activity level\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 330px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotals\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e178\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost workers reported a positive HRQoL, with many rating it as good or very good and none reporting poor overall HRQoL. However, LTPA explained only a negligible (0.8%) proportion of variance in HRQoL.\u0026nbsp;Logistic regression model indicated that BMI significantly and positively predicted (OR=1.9, 90.5% increase in odds) HRQoL. Education level also showed a strong negative effect (OR=2.29, 59.5% decrease in odds) HRQoL.. Age, sex, and marital status had minimal effects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite positive attitudes toward physical activity, consistent with Self-Determination Theory, only about 40% of workers frequently engaged in LTPA, indicating high sedentary behavior. Most physical activity reported was low to moderate intensity and below WHO recommendations (150\u0026ndash;300 min/week moderate or 75\u0026ndash;150 min/week vigorous physical activity), reflecting broader trends in Ghana where activity is largely incidental rather than structured (Atorkey et al., 2019; Mensah et al., 2022; Sirikyi et al., 2021). This is concerning given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among participants (Aberman et al., 2022; Afrifa-Anane et al., 2020; Woessner et al., 2021) and the health risks associated with sedentary work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, high HRQoL was observed despite low physical activity levels, possibly due to the relatively young age of participants (mean age of 37.35 years) and access to healthcare. Nonetheless, sustaining HRQoL requires regular physical activity, healthy lifestyles, and supportive environments. The findings highlight the need for workplace interventions that promote structured LTPA to reduce sedentary behavior, improve health outcomes, and support productivity among corporate bank workers.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Limitations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThough this study provides valuable evidence of bankers in resourced-limited cities, it has some limitations. First, the study\u0026rsquo;s instrument was self-reported, and therefore, the validity of the data collected is partially dependent on the sincerity and accurate recall of the workers. Possible biases that may result from overrating, underrating, poor recall, and insincerity are unavoidable. Again, the data was collected with google form; hence responses to the questions were solely reliant on respondents\u0026rsquo; ability to read, comprehend and provide the appropriate responses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLTPA, leisure-time physical activity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHRQoL, health-related quality of life\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank the managers for granting us permission to carry out this study at their facilities. We are equally grateful to all workers who provided us data for this study. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding: There was no funding for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEWA: Conceptualisation, method, supervision, writing and reviewing, validation, and final approval.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePA: Conceptualisation, data collection, data analysis, drafting, validation, and final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMA: Supervision, method, editing, validations, and final approval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests: The authors declare that have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Cape Coast in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The protocol number for this approval is UCCIRB/CES/2023/225.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent to participate: All participants provided informed consent for participation and the voluntary nature of the study, and that they could withdraw from the study any time with no consequence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent to publish: All participants provided informed consent for the anonymous use and publication of their responses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData availability: The datasets generated and analysed in this study are not publicly available but would be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCode availability: Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAberman NL, Osei-Asare YB, Nketiah-Amponsah E. (2022). The double burden of malnutrition in Ghana. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 43(2), 197\u0026ndash;210. ttps://doi.org/10.1177/03795721221097994\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAfrifa-Anane E, Agyei-Mensah S, Osei-Akoto I. (2020). Association between physical inactivity and overweight/obesity among Ghanaian adults. BMC Public Health, 20, 210. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8335-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAtorkey P, Owiredu WKBA, Laing EF et al. (2019). Physical activity patterns and health-related quality of life among Ghanaians with type 2 diabetes. PLOS ONE, 14(5), e0217563. ttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217563\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBarradas DT, Bowling JM, Smith RA. (2019). Health-related quality of life and cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults in the United States. Preventing Chronic Disease, 16, E100. ttps://doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180581\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451\u0026ndash;62. ttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077\u0026ndash;86. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHa JW, Lee SJ, Seo HS et al. (2021). Relationship between lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life in the Korean population. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 42(4), 287\u0026ndash;93. ttps://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0184\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMensah CM, Adu-Gyamfi S, Osei K et al. (2022). Trends in physical activity in Ghana: Analysis from WHO STEPS surveys. BMC Public Health, 22, 1287. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13629-z\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNyakotey F, Asiamah N, Mensah CM. (2022). Physical activity and non-communicable disease risk in Ghanaian adults. Health Promotion International, 37(5), daac042. ttps://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac042\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOfori EK, Angmorterh SK. (2019). Sedentary behaviour and chronic disease risk in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 19, 650. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6940-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOfori EK, Owiredu WKBA, Laing EF et al. (2018). Physical activity and HRQoL among Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1438. ttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071438\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOwusu AF, Anto EO, Twumasi-Ankrah B. (2021). Physical inactivity and its associated health risks in Ghana. African Health Sciences, 21(1), 191\u0026ndash;9. ttps://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShao Y, Wang Y, Zhang D et al. (2021). Physical activity and HRQoL in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 29(5), 823\u0026ndash;30. ttps://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0387\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSirikyi I, Addo MA, Adu-Gyamfi S. (2021). Sedentary behaviour and public health in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 55(3), 153\u0026ndash;60. ttps://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v55i3.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWoessner MN, Tacey A, Levinger I et al. (2021). The importance of physical activity to health and well-being. Clinical Therapeutics, 43(3), 403\u0026ndash;15. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.006\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang Y, Dong H, Jiang Y et al. (2018). Association of HRQoL with physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 235. ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0921-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-social-science-and-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diss","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Social Science and Health](https://www.springer.com/journal/44155)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Social Science and Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9013053/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9013053/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e Promoting physical activity participation among highly sedentary workers is imperative to prevent the increasing rate of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes, and other cardiovascular conditions among such workers. Corporate banking workers’ daily over-reliance on technology at the workplace adds to this sedentariness thus, preventing them from even engaging in leisure time activities. Research on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among such workers in developing nations is clouded. This study investigates the level of LTPA and its influence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of corporate banking workers in Ghana.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData description: \u003c/strong\u003eThis cross-sectional study surveyed 178 corporate bank workers, using convenient sampling methods, sampled from all clusters within the population. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire–Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF) were used to assess LTPA and HRQoL respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the levels of LTPA and HRQoL, while regression analysis was performed to explore associations among the variables.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eMost of the workers reported moderate to low levels of LTPA but generally high HRQoL scores. No significant association was found between LTPA and HRQoL (0.8% variance).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Health-related Quality of Life of Corporate Bank Workers in Resource-limited City","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-03 00:54:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9013053/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-03T22:43:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"290670811516640689668529344784203568056","date":"2026-04-30T14:46:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"68733618028653816135465341125872816709","date":"2026-04-29T19:48:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"321677012563057992936361909718993901826","date":"2026-04-24T20:04:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"47234720853402271120167263889599901769","date":"2026-04-24T19:21:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-30T14:04:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"219858310785103837920219102813606699803","date":"2026-03-30T09:47:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-29T11:47:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-13T05:36:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-12T11:53:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-11T20:52:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Social Science and Health","date":"2026-03-11T13:42:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-social-science-and-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diss","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Social Science and Health](https://www.springer.com/journal/44155)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Social Science and Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"340cb046-c686-4569-b31c-22fd56bf7592","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 3rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-03T22:43:02+00:00","index":93,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"290670811516640689668529344784203568056","date":"2026-04-30T14:46:16+00:00","index":91,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"68733618028653816135465341125872816709","date":"2026-04-29T19:48:21+00:00","index":90,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-03T00:54:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-03 00:54:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9013053","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9013053","identity":"rs-9013053","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}