Inclusiveness of education as a factor of demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy

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This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5836663/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The goal of this paper was to determine the role of inclusiveness of education in ensuring demographic security in Central Asia as a subject of the world economy and to identify the perspective of strengthening this security through the improvement of the educational system’s performing this role. The research was conducted based on the statistics of the UN, WIPO, and the World Bank for 2023, with the help of the methods of analysis of variance and correlation, regression, and trend analysis. As a result, the monitoring of the inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia was conducted. It revealed that demographic security, same as inclusiveness of the system of higher education in countries of Central Asia in 2023, are high on the whole, but have a large growth potential. The factor analysis of the demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education was conducted, and econometric models were compiled. They showed that the most significant and non-contradictory factors of the inclusiveness of education, which define demographic security, are scope of the higher education among the population, the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities, and gender neutrality of the system of education. The perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of education was identified. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is connected with the fact that they disclosed the cause-and-effect relationships between demographic security with the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. The practical significance of the author’s recommendations for the increase in the inclusiveness of the system of higher education is that their implementation will allow for the fullest development of the potential for strengthening of demographic security of Central Asia in the period until 2030. International Economics inclusiveness of education demographic security Central Asia world economy globalisation Decade of Action higher education Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Demographic security – is a concentrated embodiment of living standards and quality of life of the population, favourability of the social environment in the economic system, and its correspondence to modern realities. In the course of the evolution of socioeconomic systems and technological progress, the treatment of demographic security changed. Before the first industrial revolutions and in the conditions of the agrarian economy, demographic security involved a high birth rate, i.e., main attention was paid to quantitative characteristics of the social environment. This was due to the fact that the low level of healthcare and food security (high deficit of food) led to a high mortality rate. The first three industrial revolutions ensured a transition to the industrial economy, in the conditions of which demographic security was connected with an increase in the educational level. Not quantitative but qualitative characteristics of social environment began to determine demographic security. This is due to the fact that labour efficiency increased many times due to mechanization (e.g., the start of conveyor production). This reduced the number of jobs, but increased requirements to the level of education, because they were able to use the means of labour mechanization only with the high level of education. The modern treatment of demographic security requires a systemic optimisation of quantitative and qualitative demographic characteristics of the socioeconomic environment. One of the most important reasons for the changes was globalisation, in the conditions in which countries compete in various spheres, including demography. From the quantitative position, the intense growth of population in certain countries (China and India are world leaders by population) dictates the necessity for other countries to increase their population number to preserve national culture. From the qualitative position, demographic security requires an increase and development of human potential. Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, automatization took place, in particular, intellectualization and robotization of labour. The use of leading technologies requires special – digital – competencies. At that, globalisation has opened the freedom of international migration. To keep the population and, especially, the best personnel (talented youth and the most highly qualified personnel), countries have to ensure high competitiveness in their social environment: favourable conditions for employment, in particular, knowledge-intensive and highly-paid jobs, as well as high quality of life. The problem is that due to its specifics, each region of the world requires an individual approach to ensuring demographic security. Developed countries have the largest capabilities in the sphere of support for demographic security – due to the highest living standards and quality of life. For example, the approach of Western European countries involves the creation of jobs for green personnel, while the approach of countries of North America involves the constant expansion of the limits of social inclusiveness, and the approach of developed countries of Asia involves the creation of knowledge-intensive jobs for digital personnel at high-tech industrial productions. Developing countries face difficulties in ensuring demographic security due to lower living standards and quality of life compared to developed countries. Special attention should be paid to the experience of countries of Central Asia, all of which are developing countries. According to international experience, the universal condition of ensuring demographic security in the modern world is education. However, though the contribution of education to the improvement of qualitative characteristics of the social environment is obvious, its influence on quantitative characteristics of this environment remains uncertain. This paper’s originality is due to its presenting a new vision of the organisation of the system of education in support of demographic security – through the provision of this system's inclusiveness. This allowed disclosing previously unknown social aspects of the influence of the educational system on demographic security and proposing a humanistic model of this system’s organisation. The unique experience of ensuring demographic security through the development of education in Central Asia was studied. The above predetermined the topicality of this research, which seeks the goal of determining the role of inclusiveness of education in ensuring demographic security in Central Asia as a subject of the world economy and revealing the perspective of strengthening this security through the improvement of the educational system's performing this role. This goal defined the organisation of this paper. Further on in this paper, a literature review is performed, in which theoretical foundations of demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy are determined, and inclusiveness as the priority of the modern system of education is considered. After this, the methodology of the research is described, and its main results are given. They include the following: 1) monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia; 2) factor analysis of demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education; 3) perspective of strengthening of demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of education. Literature Review Demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy The theoretical framework of this research is the concept of demographic security, according to which modern countries are subjects of the world economy. Thus, during the provision of this security, an important role belongs to adaptation to globalisation and support for the global competitiveness of the social environment (Dotsenko et al., 2020). Therefore, the central scientific category of this research is demographic security, which is treated as the level of optimality of characteristics of the social environment in the country to support its integrity and independence, preserve its geo-economic status, and unleash the potential for socioeconomic development. As a result of the performed overview and content analysis of the existing literature, the following main characteristics of the social environment were distinguished, which determine the demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy: Net migration as the difference between incoming and outgoing migration flow: it reflects the influence of migration on the change in the population number, brain drain, or human resources inflow (Turginbayeva and Abildaev, 2013); Population growth rate: it shows the scale of the social environment of the country, which, compared to other countries, allows determining the weight of the country in the global community (Galoyan et al., 2023); Poverty level: it shows the living standards and favourability of the country for living (Pahlevan Sharif et al., 2023); Gender neutrality of the labour market: it characterises the opportunities for participation of the representatives of various social groups (in particular, women) in labour relations and the development of the human potential of these groups’ representatives (Gil-Lacruz et al., 2023); Unemployment level: it demonstrates the opportunities for the development of labour potential and the presence of socio-labour lifts in society (Amoa-Gyarteng and Dhliwayo, 2023); Level of population’s using the Internet: it shows the level of progressiveness of the information society (Liu et al., 2023); Income inequality: being one of the most important forms of social inequality, it shows the level of social justice, social tension, and comfort of the social environment for living (Tabash et al., 2023). The above characteristics of social environment as a subject of the world economy allow judging the country's attractiveness for living, its ability to keep and attract additional population from abroad, and the successfulness of the implementation of these possibilities in practice. Inclusiveness as the priority of the modern system of education Inclusiveness of education is yet another key scientific category of this research. According to the existing literature - Morai (2023) and Pov and Chhy (2023) – inclusiveness of education is treated in this paper as its universal availability: openness of the system of education for all interested in receiving higher education, absence of barriers on the path of obtaining education, improvement of the level of education, and lifelong learning. Experience of ensuring demographic security in countries of Central Asia is considered in the publication (Kelley and Schmidt, 2007), and certain aspects of the system of education in these countries – in the works of DeYoung and Constantine (2009) and Niyozov. and Bahry (2022) Content analysis of the given research literature allows for a conclusion that Central Asia has full inclusiveness of school education and professional (pre-university) education. That’s why from the positions of inclusiveness when studying the experience of Central Asia, the system of higher education is of the main interest. According to the existing scientific literature, this paper distinguished the following manifestations of inclusiveness of the system of higher education: Scope of higher education among the population: it shows the accessibility of higher education (Przhedetskaya and Borzenko, 2019); Share of graduates of academic (postgraduate and doctoral studies) and engineering specialities: it reflects the personnel support for technological progress and innovative economy (Bogoviz et al., 2018); Gender neutrality of the system of education: it characterises the opportunities for receiving education, including higher education by the representatives of various social groups (in particular, women) and the development of the human potential of these groups' representatives (Tovmasyan et al., 2022); Global competitiveness of universities: it shows the prestige of receiving higher education in the country (Bogoviz et al., 2020). The performed literature review showed that it identified only the general list of characteristics of demographic security and signs of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. However, the existing publications do not explain the influence of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education on demographic security and do not determine the specifics of this influence in countries of Central Asia. This is a literature gap, which leads to the following research question. RQ: How do factors of inclusiveness of education influence the demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy? To search for an answer to the posed RQ, this paper contains an in-depth study of the modern experience of countries of Central Asia and, based on this experience, modelling of the impact of the distinguished factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education on the demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy in the context of systematised characteristics. Materials and method Sample The sample of this research includes twelve countries of the expanded list of countries of Central Asia according to UNESCO, which almost fully coincides with the list of countries assigned to Central Asia by the UN (2024). For the quantitative measuring of the level of demographic security, we used the following indicators, which are the resulting variables in this research: “Net migration” (DS 1 ) as the indicator of net migration (World Bank, 2024a); “Population growth” (DS 2 ) as the indicator of the rate of population growth (World Bank, 2024b); “Poverty headcount ratio at $ 3.65/day (2017 PPP)” (DS 3 ) as the indicator of the poverty level (UN, 2024); “Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate” (DS 4 ) as the indicator of gender neutrality of the labour market (UN, 2024); “Unemployment rate (ages 15+)” (DS 5 ) as the indicator of the unemployment level (UN, 2024); “Population using the Internet” (DS 6 ) as the indicator of the population’s level of using the Internet (UN, 2024). “Gini coefficient” (DS 7 ) as the indicator of income inequality (UN, 2024). The control variables are the following indicators of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education: “Tertiary enrolment” (EI 1 ) as the indicator of the scope of higher education among population (WIPO, 2024); “Graduates in science and engineering” (EI 2 ) as the indicator of the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities (WIPO, 2024); “Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received” (EI 3 ) as the indicator of gender neutrality in the system of education (UN, 2024); “The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: average score of top 3 universities” (EI 4 ) as the indicator of the global competitiveness of universities (WIPO, 2024). The time period of the research: 2023. The empirical framework of the research is given in Table 1 . Table 1 Statistics of demographic security and inclusiveness of higher education in Central Asia in 2023 Country Tertiary enrolment, % gross Graduates in science and engineering, % Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) THE Universities Ranking, score 1-100 Net migration, thousands of people Population growth (annual %) Poverty headcount ratio at $ 3.65/day (2017 PPP, %) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Population using the internet (%) Gini coefficient Afghanistan 0.00 0.00 67.95 0.00 -183.67 2.53 77.25 24.69 11.71 18.40 40.90 China 63.60 0.00 93.29 81.57 -200.19 -0.01 1.46 84.09 4.65 73.05 38.20 India 32.07 34.00 86.48 45.72 -301.97 0.68 11.81 32.55 7.34 46.31 35.70 Iran, Islamic Rep. 58.22 38.98 99.66 45.05 28.08 0.71 5.23 22.64 11.10 78.60 40.90 Kazakhstan 70.68 24.06 100.52 16.45 -18.92 3.22 0.96 86.65 4.99 90.92 27.80 Kyrgyz Republic 53.46 18.33 104.21 0.00 -16.51 2.93 8.05 60.80 4.76 77.92 29.00 Mongolia 69.41 18.65 112.45 0.00 0.00 1.50 4.73 77.77 8.95 84.33 32.70 Pakistan 12.22 0.00 77.38 36.45 -471.40 1.89 18.78 30.43 6.71 21.04 29.60 Russian Federation 86.40 32.65 99.58 52.00 320.62 0.07 0.83 78.47 4.72 88.21 36.00 Tajikistan 31.26 22.04 92.50 0.00 -3.56 2.06 15.77 61.23 8.39 21.96 34.00 Turkmenistan 0.00 0.00 94.00 0.00 -4.50 1.39 0.77 105.55 5.45 21.25 40.80 Uzbekistan 21.25 32.79 97.24 0.00 -39.20 2.08 39.07 175.07 6.34 76.59 35.30 Source: Compiled by the authors based on the materials of the UN (2024), WIPO (2024), the World Bank (2024a), and the World Bank (2024b). Research design and methodology The design and methodology of this paper’s research are explained in Table 2 . Table 2 Research design and methodology Research task Methodology of solving the task Research method The essence of the research Result of the research Task 1: monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia Analysis of variance Arithmetic means and Var DS , Var EI Determination of the level and scatter of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security among countries of Central Asia Task 2: factor analysis of the demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education Regression and correlation analysis DS = a+∑(b*EI) Determination of the dependence of demographic security on the factors of inclusiveness of education Task 3: Determine the perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in inclusiveness of the system of education Optimisation and forecasting with the simplex method, trend analysis ΔDS, ΔEI Forecasting of growth rate of demographic security with the optimisation factors of education inclusiveness Source: Authors. As shown in Table 2 , the research design of this paper involves the achievement of the set goal through the continuous resolution of the three following tasks. Task 1: monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia. This task is solved with the help of an analysis of variance. The selected method is applied to find arithmetic means and coefficients of variation (Var DS , Var EI ) of all studied variables. This allows revealing the level and scatter of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security among the countries of Central Asia. Task 2: factor analysis of the demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education. It is solved with the help of regression and correlation analysis. This allows determining the dependence of demographic security on the factors of inclusiveness of education. The research model has the following form: DS = a+∑(b*EI) (1) Task 3: determining the perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through improvement of the inclusiveness of the system of education. This task is solved with the help of optimisation and forecasting using the simplex method; the method of trend analysis is used to find the growth rate of indicators in 2030 compared to 2023: ΔDS, ΔEI). This allows forecasting the growth rate of demographic security with optimisation factors of inclusiveness of education в the Decade of Action in Central Asia. Results Monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia To solve task 1 and reveal the level and scatter of the inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security among countries of Central Asia, we conducted their monitoring based on the statistics from Table 1 , using the method of analysis of variance. The results of the monitoring are demonstrated in Fig. 1 . As shown in Fig. 1 , net migration equals − 74.27 thousand people on average, which is a sign of the outflow of population from the countries of Central Asia. At that, variation is very high, equalling − 265.22%: this means that the level of the problem of brain drain is different in the countries of Central Asia. The population growth rate is moderate, equalling 1.59% on average; its variation among the countries of Central Asia is also moderate: 66.87%. The poverty level is low: 15.39% of the population have an income of USD 3.65 per day in the constant prices of 2017; the scatter of the poverty level among the countries of Central Asia is very high: 145.41%. Gender equality from the positions of their participation in the labour market equals 69.99%, which is a sign of very high gender neutrality in the labour market. Unemployment level is low: 7.09%; its scatter is moderate among the countries of Central Asia: 34.91%. The level of the population using the Internet is 58.22%, i.e., moderate; its scatter is high among the countries of Central Asia, with a variation is 51.28%. Income inequality in Central Asia is low: The Gini index is 35.08 on average, and its variation is low – 13.27%. This is a sign of a high level of social justice in Central Asia and a low level of tension in its social environment. Scope of the higher education among the population equals 41.55%, and its variation is high among the countries of Central Asia: 70.60%. The share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities in 2023 is 18.46% on average; its variation is high among the countries of Central Asia: 81.29%. Gender equality from the positions of their involvement in obtaining education is 93.77%, which is a sign of rather high gender neutrality in the system of education; its variation is low: 12.76%, which is a sign of homogeneity of the values of this indicator in Central Asia. The global competitiveness of universities is low: 21,10 points; its variation among the countries of Central Asia is high: 121.53%. Thus, on the whole, demographic security, similar to the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in countries of Central Asia in 2023, is rather high. However, it has a growth potential, to stop the population outflow from Central Asia, which was observed in 2023. Factor analysis of demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education To solve the second task and to find the dependence of demographic security on the factors of inclusiveness of education, we conducted a factor analysis of demographic security in Central Asia based on the data from Table 1 , using the method of regression and correlation analysis. The results obtained are shown in Tables 3 – 9 . Table 3 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 1 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.7210 R-square 0.5198 Adjusted R-square 0.2454 Standard error 171.1076 Observations 12 Analysis of variance df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 221860.7160 55465.1790 1.8944 0.2163 Residual 7 204944.5689 29277.7956 Total 11 426805.2849 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept -428.2427 645.8206 -0.6631 0.5285 -1955.3656 1098.8803 EI 1 3.4654 3.5205 0.9843 0.3577 -4.8593 11.7901 EI 2 2.4052 4.0420 0.5951 0.5705 -7.1526 11.9630 EI 3 2.4042 7.7663 0.3096 0.7659 -15.9601 20.7685 EI 4 -2.5906 2.5444 -1.0182 0.3425 -8.6070 3.4258 Source: Authors. The results obtained (Table 3 ) show that net migration in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 72.10% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is also rather high: R 2 = 0.5198. Significance F equals 0.2163 – therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.30. At the set level of significance, the F table equals 1.4985. F observed equals 1.8944 – it exceeded the F table, therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.30. This confirms the reliability of the results of regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model: DS=-428.24 + 3.46*EI + 2.40EI + 2.40EI-2.59EI (2) Model (2) showed that an increase in net migration is facilitated by only three factor variables: EI 1 , EI 2 , and EI 3 . Thus, an increase in the scope of higher education among the population by 1% leads to an increase in net migration by 3.46 thousand people. An increase in the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities by 1% leads to an increase in net migration by 2.40 thousand people. An increase in gender neutrality of the educational system by 1% leads to an increase in net migration by 2.40 thousand people. Table 4 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 2 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.8311 R-square 0.6906 Adjusted R-square 0.5139 Standard error 0.7403 Observations 12 Analysis of variance df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 8.5642 2.1410 3.9069 0.0563 Residual 7 3.8361 0.5480 Total 11 12.4003 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept 6.0234 2.7941 2.1558 0.0680 -0.5835 12.6304 EI 1 0.0200 0.0152 1.3130 0.2306 -0.0160 0.0560 EI 2 -0.0074 0.0175 -0.4209 0.6864 -0.0487 0.0340 EI 3 -0.0450 0.0336 -1.3403 0.2220 -0.1245 0.0344 EI 4 -0.0393 0.0110 -3.5686 0.0091 -0.0653 -0.0133 Source: Authors. The obtained results (Table 4 ) show that the population growth rate in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 83.11% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is also rather high: R 2 = 0.6906. Significance F equals 0.0563; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.10. At the set level of significance, the F table equals 2.9605. F observed equals 3.9069 – it exceeds F Table, therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.10. This confirms the reliability of the results of regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model: DS 2 = 6.0234*EI 1 -0.01EI 2 -0.04EI 3 -0.04EI 4 (3) Model (3) showed that an increase in the rate of population growth is facilitated by only one factor variable: EI 1 . Thus, an increase in the scope of higher education among the population by 1% leads to an increase in population growth rate by 0.0200% per year. Table 5 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 3 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.8544 R-square 0.7299 Adjusted R-square 0.5756 Standard error 14.5810 Observations 12 Analysis of variance df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 4022.3597 1005.5899 4.7298 0.0364 Residual 7 1488.2398 212.6057 Total 11 5510.5994 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept 194.6234 55.0339 3.5364 0.0095 64.4890 324.7579 EI 1 0.2322 0.3000 0.7741 0.4642 -0.4772 0.9416 EI 2 0.2286 0.3444 0.6638 0.5281 -0.5858 1.0431 EI 3 -1.9411 0.6618 -2.9330 0.0219 -3.5060 -0.3762 EI 4 -0.4795 0.2168 -2.2114 0.0627 -0.9922 0.0332 Source: Authors. The results obtained (Table 5 ) show that the poverty level in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 85.44% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the educational system. The correlation coefficient is also rather high: R 2 = 0.07299. Significance F equals 0.0364; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.05. At the set level of significance, the F table equals 4.1203. F observed equals 4.7298 – it exceeds the F table; therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.05. This proves the reliability of the results of the regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model: DS 3 =-194.62 + 0.23*EI 1 + 0.23EI 2 -1.94EI 3 -0.48EI 4 (4) Model (4) showed that the reduction of the poverty level is facilitated by only three factor variables: EI 3 and EI 4 . Thus, an increase in gender neutrality in the system of education by 1% leads to a decrease in the poverty level by 1.94%. An increase in the global competitiveness of universities by 1 point leads to a decrease in the poverty level by 1.94%. Table 6 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 4 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.5806 R-square 0.3371 Adjusted R-square -0.0417 Standard error 43.8869 Observations 12 Analysis of variance Df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 6855.4835 1713.8709 0.8898 0.5170 Residual 7 13482.4165 1926.0595 Total 11 20337.9000 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept -193.4139 165.6447 -1.1676 0.2812 -585.1014 198.2735 EI 1 -0.9258 0.9030 -1.0252 0.3394 -3.0609 1.2094 EI 2 -0.0616 1.0367 -0.0594 0.9543 -2.5130 2.3899 EI 3 3.2000 1.9919 1.6065 0.1522 -1.5102 7.9102 EI 4 0.1270 0.6526 0.1947 0.8512 -1.4161 1.6702 Source: Authors. The results obtained (Table 6 ) show that gender neutrality of the labour market in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 58.06% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is low: R 2 = 0.3371. The F test was not passed – therefore, the results of the regression analysis are insufficiently reliable. This means that there is no statistically significant dependence of gender neutrality in the labour market on the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. Table 7 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 5 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.5397 R-square 0.2912 Adjusted R-square -0.1138 Standard error 2.6126 Observations 12 Analysis of variance df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 19.6343 4.9086 0.7191 0.6053 Residual 7 47.7801 6.8257 Total 11 67.4143 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept 18.7358 9.8609 1.9000 0.0992 -4.5816 42.0531 EI 1 0.0119 0.0538 0.2212 0.8313 -0.1152 0.1390 EI 2 0.0569 0.0617 0.9224 0.3870 -0.0890 0.2029 EI 3 -0.1327 0.1186 -1.1190 0.3001 -0.4131 0.1477 EI 4 -0.0323 0.0388 -0.8319 0.4329 -0.1242 0.0595 Source: Authors. The results obtained (Table 7 ) show that the unemployment level in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 53.97% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is low: R 2 = 0.2912. The F test was not passed – therefore, the results of the regression analysis are insufficiently reliable. This means that there is no statistically significant dependence of the unemployment level on the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. Table 8 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 6 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.9010 R-square 0.8118 Adjusted R-square 0.7042 Standard error 16.2351 Observations 12 Analysis of variance df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 7957.9738 1989.4935 7.5480 0.0111 Residual 7 1845.0588 263.5798 Total 11 9803.0326 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept -39.5277 61.2772 -0.6451 0.5394 -184.4252 105.3698 EI 1 0.5893 0.3340 1.7643 0.1210 -0.2005 1.3792 EI 2 0.2971 0.3835 0.7746 0.4640 -0.6098 1.2039 EI 3 0.7177 0.7369 0.9740 0.3625 -1.0247 2.4602 EI 4 0.0204 0.2414 0.0844 0.9351 -0.5505 0.5912 Source: Authors. The results obtained (Table 8 ) show that the level of the population using the Internet in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 90.10% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is also very high: R 2 = 0.8118. Significance F equals 0.0111; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.05. At the set level of significance, the F table is 4.1203. F observed equals 7.5480; it exceeds the F table – therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.05. This proves the reliability of the results of regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model: DS 6 =-39.53 + 0.59*EI 1 + 0.30EI 2 + 0.72EI 3 + 0.02EI 4 (5) Model (5) showed that an increase in net migration is facilitated by all four factor variables. Thus, an increase in the scope of higher education among the population by 1% leads to an increase in the level of the population's using the Internet by 0.59%. Growth of the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities by 1% leads to an increase in the level of the population's using the Internet by 0.30%. An increase in gender neutrality of the system of education by 1% leads to an increase in the level of the population's using the Internet by 0.72%. An increase in the global competitiveness of universities by 1 point leads to an increase in the level of the population using the Internet by 0.02%. Table 9 Regression analysis of the dependence of DS 7 on the factors of EI 1 − 4 Regression statistics Multiple R 0.5021 R-square 0.2521 Adjusted R-square -0.1752 Standard error 5.0458 Observations 12 Analysis of variance df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 60.0816 15.0204 0.5900 0.6810 Residual 7 178.2209 25.4601 Total 11 238.3025 Coefficients Standard error t-Stat P-Value Lower 95% Upper 95% Y-intercept 29.7842 19.0446 1.5639 0.1618 -15.2492 74.8176 EI 1 -0.1167 0.1038 -1.1244 0.2979 -0.3622 0.1288 EI 2 0.0422 0.1192 0.3539 0.7338 -0.2397 0.3240 EI 3 0.0789 0.2290 0.3446 0.7405 -0.4626 0.6205 EI 4 0.0849 0.0750 1.1316 0.2951 -0.0925 0.2623 Source: Authors. The results obtained (Table 9 ) show that income inequality in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 50.21% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is low: R 2 = 0.2521. The F test was not passed – therefore, the results of the regression analysis are insufficiently reliable. This means that there is no statistically significant dependence of income inequality on the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. Perspective of strengthening of demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the educational system To solve the third task – determining the perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of education – we used the compiled regression models (2)-(4) to conduct the optimisation of the factors of the higher education system with the application of the simplex method. We compiled a forecast of changes in the values of the indicators of demographic security in Central Asia in the Decade of Action. The method of trend analysis was used to find the growth rate of the indicators in 2020 compared to 2023. The revealed perspective is demonstrated in Fig. 2 . The revealed perspective allowed forecasting the growth rate of demographic security with optimisation factors of inclusiveness of education in the Decade of Action in Central Asia. In particular, the author’s forecast involves the following: Increase in net migration of 250.60% by 2030, up to 111.85 thousand people, compared to -74.27 thousand people in 2023; Increase in the rate of population growth of 25.95% by 2030, up to 2.00%, compared to 1.59% in 2023; Decrease in the poverty level of 28.12% by 2030, down to 11.06%, compared to 15.39% in 2023; Increase in the population’s level of using the Internet of 67.27% by 2030, up to 97.38%, compared to 58.22% in 2023. To achieve this perspective in practice and to fully develop the potential for strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia, we propose a set of the following recommendations for the improvement of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education until 2030: Increase of the scope of higher education among the population of 140.68% by 2030, up to 100,00% - compared to 41.55% in 2023; Growth of gender neutrality of the system of education of 6.64% by 2030, up to 100.00% - compared to 93.77% in 2023; Increase in global competitiveness of universities of 52.49% by 2030, up to 35.23 points - compared to 23.10 points in 2023. Discussion The paper’s contribution to the literature consists in the development of the concept of demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy through clarification of the connection between this security and inclusiveness of the system of higher education, by the example of the unique experience of the countries of Central Asia. The results obtained are compared to the existing literature in Table 10 . Table 10 Comparison of the obtained results with the existing literature. Sphere of comparison Existing literature This paper Characteristics Sources Characteristics of demographic security, which depend on the inclusiveness of education Net migration Turginbayeva and Abildaev (2013) confirmed Population growth rate Galoyan et al. (2023) confirmed Poverty level Pahlevan Sharif et al. (2023) confirmed Gender neutrality in the labour market Gil-Lacruz et al. (2023) disproved Unemployment level Amoa-Gyarteng and Dhliwayo (2023) disproved The level of the population using the Internet Liu et al. (2023) disproved Income inequality Tabash et al. (2023) disproved Characteristics of inclusiveness of education, which determine demographic security Scope of higher education among population Przhedetskaya and Borzenko (2019) disproved The share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities Bogoviz et al. (2018) disproved Gender neutrality in the system of education Tovmasyan et al. (2022) disproved Global competitiveness of universities Bogoviz et al. (2020) disproved with a reservation: the influence is weak and contradictory Source: Authors. The systematised results of this research (Table 10 ) provided an answer to the posed RQ. This answer is that demographic security of Central Asia, as a subject of the world economy, is influenced by such factors of the inclusiveness of education as the scope of the higher education among population (confirming Przhedetskaya and Borzenko (2019)), the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities (conforming Bogoviz et al. (2018)), gender neutrality of the system of education (confirming Tovmasyan et al. (2022)), and global competitiveness of universities (confirming previous research by Bogoviz et al. (2020), but with a reservation – the influence is weak and contradictory). We outlined the range of characteristics of demographic security, which depend on the inclusiveness of education. It contains such characteristics as net migration (confirming Turginbayeva and Abildaev (2013)), population growth rate (confirming Galoyan et al. (2023)), poverty level (confirming Pahlevan Sharif et al. (2023)), and the level of population’s using the Internet (confirming Liu et al. (2023)). It was proven that inclusiveness of education does not influence such characteristics of demographic security as gender neutrality of the labour market (unlike Gil-Lacruz et al. (2023)), unemployment level (unlike Amoa-Gyarteng and Dhliwayo (2023)), and income inequality (unlike Tabash et al. (2023)). Conclusion Thus, based on the performed research, the following results were obtained: We conducted the monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia, which revealed that demographic security, similar to inclusiveness of the system of higher education in countries of Central Asia in 2023, is high on the whole, but has the potential for growth; We performed the factor analysis of demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education and compiled econometric models, which showed that the most significant and non-contradictory factors of the inclusiveness of education, which determine demographic security, are the scope of the higher education among population, the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities, and gender neutrality of the system of education; We determined the perspective for strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of education, which demonstrated the possibilities of increasing net migration by 250.60%, raising the rate of population growth by 25.95%, reducing the poverty level by 28.12%, and increasing the population’s level of using the Internet by 67.27% until 2030. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is connected with the fact that they disclosed the cause-and-effect relationships between demographic security with the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. The practical significance of the author’s recommendations on the improvement of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education is that their implementation will allow for the fullest development of the potential for strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia in the period until 2030. The social significance is that the proposed recommendations will allow achieving the highest results in the sphere of implementation of SDG 1, SDG 4, SDG 5, and SDGs 8–10 in Central Asia in the Decade of Action. Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical statement This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Acknowledgements This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP23488981 “Transformation of Kazakhstan’s labor resources against the background of technological challenges: new quality, model, scenarios”). Data availability All data used in this paper were obtained from the following open resources: UN (2024). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. URL: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ (data accessed: 28.01.2024). WIPO (2024). Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. URL: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf (data accessed: 28.01.2024). World Bank (2024a). Net migration. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024). World Bank (2024b). Population growth (annual %). URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024). References 1. Amoa-Gyarteng, K., Dhliwayo, S. (2023). Globalization, entrepreneurial development and unemployment: a mediation analysis in the context of South Africa. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0126 2. Bogoviz, A.V., Ragulina, Y.V., Alekseev, A.N., Anichkin, E.S., Dobrosotsky, V.I. (2018). Transformation of the role of human in the economic system in the conditions of knowledge economy creation. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 622: 673–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75383-6_86 3. Bogoviz, A.V., Shvakov, E.E., Tretyakova, O.G., Zakharov, M.Y., Abramov, A.N. (2020). Globalization of Education in the Conditions of Formation of the Global Knowledge Economy: Regularities and Tendencies. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 73: 993–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15160-7_99 4. DeYoung, A.J., Constantine, E.A. (2009). Re-gendered education and society in the newly independent states (NIS) of Central Asia. Baker, D.P. and Wiseman, A.W. (Ed.) Gender, Equality and Education from International and Comparative Perspectives (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 10), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 255–299. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2009)0000010011 5. Dotsenko, E., Galoyan, D., Burdenko, E., Mudrova, S. (2020). Structural Inertia as a Constraint for Sustainable Development and Interregional Differences in Quality of Life Reducing/ E3S Web of Conferences, 174: 04041 6. Galoyan, D.R., Mayilyan, F.N., Bazinyan, Y.A., Movsisyan, M.E., Torosyan, A.A. (2023). Triple Exploitation of Human Capital in Developing Countries. Environmental Footprints and Eco-Design of Products and Processes, 2023, Part F1766: 375–383. 7. Gil-Lacruz, A.I., Gil-Lacruz, M., Gracia Bernal, A., Flores-García, M., Domingo-Torrecilla, P. (2023). Labour attitudes towards gender equity in Spain: the role of education throughout an economic cycle. Gender in Management, 38(8): 1172–1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2021-0097 8. Kelley, A.C., Schmidt, R.M. (2007). A Century of Demographic Change and Economic Growth: The Asian Experience in Regional and Temporal Perspective. Mason, A. and Yamaguchi, M. (Ed.) Population Change, Labor Markets and Sustainable Growth: Towards a New Economic Paradigm (Contributions to Economic Analysis, Vol. 281), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 39–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0573-8555(07)81003-0 9. Liu, X.Z., Ling, S., Liu, Y. (2023). How internet use affects personal privacy risk perception: empirical evidence from China. Online Information Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2023-0078 10. Morai, M.J. (2023). Agenda 2030 Progress on Inclusive Education in Lesotho. Lane, D., Catania, N., Semon, S. (Ed.) Progress Toward Agenda 2030 (International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, Vol. 21), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-363620230000021007 11. Niyozov, S., Bahry, S.A. (2022). Decolonization of Education Research, Policy-making, and Practice in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan. Wiseman, A.W. (Ed.) Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2021 (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 42A), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 161–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-36792022000042A014 12. Pahlevan Sharif, S., Naghavi, N., Waheed, H., Ehigiamusoe, K.U. (2023). The role of education in filling the gender gap in financial inclusion in low-income economies. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18 (12): 5755–5777. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2021-0991 13. Pov, S., Chhy, S. (2023). Progress of Inclusive Education Towards Agenda 2030 in Cambodia. Lane, D., Catania, N. and Semon, S. (Ed.) Progress Toward Agenda 2030 (International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, Vol. 21), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-363620230000021012 14. Przhedetskaya, N., Borzenko, K. (2019). Marketing model of promotion of remote education by modern university. International Journal of Educational Management, 33 (3): 446–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2018-0281 15. Tabash, M.I., Anagreh, S. and Adeosun, O.A. (2023). Revisiting the impact of financial development on income inequality and poverty reduction: empirical evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31 (7): 3393–3412. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2022-3279 16. Tovmasyan, G., Hakhverdyan, D., Mkrtchyan, T., Petrosyan, A. (2022). The impact of Covid-19 on education quality and learning efficiency in universities: Evidence from Armenia.Issues in Educational Research, 32 (4): 1623–2164. 17. Turginbayeva, A.N., Abildaev, S.T. (2013). Quantitave assessment of regional economy competitiveness (Republic of Kazakhstan case study). Actual Problems of Economics, 146(8): 477–485 18. UN (2024). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. URL: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ (data accessed: 28.01.2024). 19. WIPO (2024). Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. URL: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf (data accessed: 28.01.2024). 20. World Bank (2024a). Net migration. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024). 21. World Bank (2024b). Population growth (annual %). URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024). Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5836663","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":402649421,"identity":"76c4d8f9-409b-4e44-9924-4014dce00b00","order_by":0,"name":"Ardak N.","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4208-6167","institution":"Turginbayeva","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ardak","middleName":"","lastName":"N.","suffix":""},{"id":402649422,"identity":"9cad39eb-904e-42bd-8d45-f1b1508e097b","order_by":1,"name":"Saule 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18:29:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5836663/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5836663/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":74020767,"identity":"861cd476-d013-48f9-944c-f7962136e96c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-17 05:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":114375,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eResults of the monitoring of the inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security in Central Asia in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: Calculated and built by the authors.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5836663/v1/e0879c85519a528d6383c24c.png"},{"id":74020768,"identity":"2585dd21-c85e-4169-be46-ab0ff5bca20b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-17 05:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":84271,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of education until 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: Calculated and built by the authors.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5836663/v1/1679d3ebc561285fe3d9ff02.png"},{"id":74022958,"identity":"b6fcb4b2-e61c-4154-9171-ceb0e13a4837","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-17 05:25:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1702599,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5836663/v1/6cb1cdd8-7196-4899-9164-d43e003fb5fd.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusiveness of education as a factor of demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eDemographic security \u0026ndash; is a concentrated embodiment of living standards and quality of life of the population, favourability of the social environment in the economic system, and its correspondence to modern realities. In the course of the evolution of socioeconomic systems and technological progress, the treatment of demographic security changed. Before the first industrial revolutions and in the conditions of the agrarian economy, demographic security involved a high birth rate, i.e., main attention was paid to quantitative characteristics of the social environment. This was due to the fact that the low level of healthcare and food security (high deficit of food) led to a high mortality rate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first three industrial revolutions ensured a transition to the industrial economy, in the conditions of which demographic security was connected with an increase in the educational level. Not quantitative but qualitative characteristics of social environment began to determine demographic security. This is due to the fact that labour efficiency increased many times due to mechanization (e.g., the start of conveyor production). This reduced the number of jobs, but increased requirements to the level of education, because they were able to use the means of labour mechanization only with the high level of education.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe modern treatment of demographic security requires a systemic optimisation of quantitative and qualitative demographic characteristics of the socioeconomic environment. One of the most important reasons for the changes was globalisation, in the conditions in which countries compete in various spheres, including demography. From the quantitative position, the intense growth of population in certain countries (China and India are world leaders by population) dictates the necessity for other countries to increase their population number to preserve national culture.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom the qualitative position, demographic security requires an increase and development of human potential. Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, automatization took place, in particular, intellectualization and robotization of labour. The use of leading technologies requires special \u0026ndash; digital \u0026ndash; competencies. At that, globalisation has opened the freedom of international migration. To keep the population and, especially, the best personnel (talented youth and the most highly qualified personnel), countries have to ensure high competitiveness in their social environment: favourable conditions for employment, in particular, knowledge-intensive and highly-paid jobs, as well as high quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe problem is that due to its specifics, each region of the world requires an individual approach to ensuring demographic security. Developed countries have the largest capabilities in the sphere of support for demographic security \u0026ndash; due to the highest living standards and quality of life. For example, the approach of Western European countries involves the creation of jobs for green personnel, while the approach of countries of North America involves the constant expansion of the limits of social inclusiveness, and the approach of developed countries of Asia involves the creation of knowledge-intensive jobs for digital personnel at high-tech industrial productions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping countries face difficulties in ensuring demographic security due to lower living standards and quality of life compared to developed countries. Special attention should be paid to the experience of countries of Central Asia, all of which are developing countries. According to international experience, the universal condition of ensuring demographic security in the modern world is education. However, though the contribution of education to the improvement of qualitative characteristics of the social environment is obvious, its influence on quantitative characteristics of this environment remains uncertain.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper\u0026rsquo;s originality is due to its presenting a new vision of the organisation of the system of education in support of demographic security \u0026ndash; through the provision of this system's inclusiveness. This allowed disclosing previously unknown social aspects of the influence of the educational system on demographic security and proposing a humanistic model of this system\u0026rsquo;s organisation. The unique experience of ensuring demographic security through the development of education in Central Asia was studied.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe above predetermined the topicality of this research, which seeks the goal of determining the role of inclusiveness of education in ensuring demographic security in Central Asia as a subject of the world economy and revealing the perspective of strengthening this security through the improvement of the educational system's performing this role. This goal defined the organisation of this paper.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther on in this paper, a literature review is performed, in which theoretical foundations of demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy are determined, and inclusiveness as the priority of the modern system of education is considered. After this, the methodology of the research is described, and its main results are given. They include the following: 1) monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia; 2) factor analysis of demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education; 3) perspective of strengthening of demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of education.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Literature Review","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDemographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe theoretical framework of this research is the concept of demographic security, according to which modern countries are subjects of the world economy. Thus, during the provision of this security, an important role belongs to adaptation to globalisation and support for the global competitiveness of the social environment (Dotsenko et al., 2020). Therefore, the central scientific category of this research is demographic security, which is treated as the level of optimality of characteristics of the social environment in the country to support its integrity and independence, preserve its geo-economic status, and unleash the potential for socioeconomic development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a result of the performed overview and content analysis of the existing literature, the following main characteristics of the social environment were distinguished, which determine the demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eNet migration as the difference between incoming and outgoing migration flow: it reflects the influence of migration on the change in the population number, brain drain, or human resources inflow (Turginbayeva and Abildaev, 2013);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation growth rate: it shows the scale of the social environment of the country, which, compared to other countries, allows determining the weight of the country in the global community (Galoyan et al., 2023);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoverty level: it shows the living standards and favourability of the country for living (Pahlevan Sharif et al., 2023);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender neutrality of the labour market: it characterises the opportunities for participation of the representatives of various social groups (in particular, women) in labour relations and the development of the human potential of these groups\u0026rsquo; representatives (Gil-Lacruz et al., 2023);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployment level: it demonstrates the opportunities for the development of labour potential and the presence of socio-labour lifts in society (Amoa-Gyarteng and Dhliwayo, 2023);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of population\u0026rsquo;s using the Internet: it shows the level of progressiveness of the information society (Liu et al., 2023);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome inequality: being one of the most important forms of social inequality, it shows the level of social justice, social tension, and comfort of the social environment for living (Tabash et al., 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe above characteristics of social environment as a subject of the world economy allow judging the country's attractiveness for living, its ability to keep and attract additional population from abroad, and the successfulness of the implementation of these possibilities in practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusiveness as the priority of the modern system of education\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusiveness of education is yet another key scientific category of this research. According to the existing literature - Morai (2023) and Pov and Chhy (2023) \u0026ndash; inclusiveness of education is treated in this paper as its universal availability: openness of the system of education for all interested in receiving higher education, absence of barriers on the path of obtaining education, improvement of the level of education, and lifelong learning. Experience of ensuring demographic security in countries of Central Asia is considered in the publication (Kelley and Schmidt, 2007), and certain aspects of the system of education in these countries \u0026ndash; in the works of DeYoung and Constantine (2009) and Niyozov. and Bahry (2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent analysis of the given research literature allows for a conclusion that Central Asia has full inclusiveness of school education and professional (pre-university) education. That\u0026rsquo;s why from the positions of inclusiveness when studying the experience of Central Asia, the system of higher education is of the main interest. According to the existing scientific literature, this paper distinguished the following manifestations of inclusiveness of the system of higher education:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eScope of higher education among the population: it shows the accessibility of higher education (Przhedetskaya and Borzenko, 2019);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eShare of graduates of academic (postgraduate and doctoral studies) and engineering specialities: it reflects the personnel support for technological progress and innovative economy (Bogoviz et al., 2018);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender neutrality of the system of education: it characterises the opportunities for receiving education, including higher education by the representatives of various social groups (in particular, women) and the development of the human potential of these groups' representatives (Tovmasyan et al., 2022);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal competitiveness of universities: it shows the prestige of receiving higher education in the country (Bogoviz et al., 2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe performed literature review showed that it identified only the general list of characteristics of demographic security and signs of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. However, the existing publications do not explain the influence of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education on demographic security and do not determine the specifics of this influence in countries of Central Asia. This is a literature gap, which leads to the following research question.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRQ: How do factors of inclusiveness of education influence the demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy? To search for an answer to the posed RQ, this paper contains an in-depth study of the modern experience of countries of Central Asia and, based on this experience, modelling of the impact of the distinguished factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education on the demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy in the context of systematised characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and method","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sample of this research includes twelve countries of the expanded list of countries of Central Asia according to UNESCO, which almost fully coincides with the list of countries assigned to Central Asia by the UN (2024). For the quantitative measuring of the level of demographic security, we used the following indicators, which are the resulting variables in this research:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Net migration\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of net migration (World Bank, 2024a);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Population growth\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the rate of population growth (World Bank, 2024b);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Poverty headcount ratio at \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e3.65/day (2017 PPP)\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the poverty level (UN, 2024);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of gender neutrality of the labour market (UN, 2024);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Unemployment rate (ages 15+)\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the unemployment level (UN, 2024);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Population using the Internet\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the population\u0026rsquo;s level of using the Internet (UN, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Gini coefficient\u0026rdquo; (DS\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of income inequality (UN, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe control variables are the following indicators of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Tertiary enrolment\u0026rdquo; (EI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the scope of higher education among population (WIPO, 2024);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Graduates in science and engineering\u0026rdquo; (EI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities (WIPO, 2024);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received\u0026rdquo; (EI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of gender neutrality in the system of education (UN, 2024);\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: average score of top 3 universities\u0026rdquo; (EI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) as the indicator of the global competitiveness of universities (WIPO, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe time period of the research: 2023. The empirical framework of the research is given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistics of demographic security and inclusiveness of higher education in Central Asia in 2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary enrolment, % gross\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraduates in science and\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eengineering, %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of female-to-male mean\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eyears of education received (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTHE Universities Ranking,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003escore 1-100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNet migration, thousands of people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation growth\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(annual %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoverty headcount ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eat \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e3.65/day (2017 PPP, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of female-to-male labor\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eforce participation rate (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployment rate (% of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal labor force, ages 15+)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation using\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe internet (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGini coefficient\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfghanistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-183.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-200.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-301.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIran, Islamic Rep.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKazakhstan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-18.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKyrgyz Republic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-16.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMongolia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePakistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-471.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRussian Federation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e320.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTajikistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurkmenistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUzbekistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-39.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e175.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Compiled by the authors based on the materials of the UN (2024), WIPO (2024), the World Bank (2024a), and the World Bank (2024b).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch design and methodology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe design and methodology of this paper\u0026rsquo;s research are explained in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch design and methodology\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch task\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethodology of solving the task\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe essence of the research\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResult of the research\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask 1: monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArithmetic means and Var\u003csub\u003eDS\u003c/sub\u003e, Var\u003csub\u003eEI\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermination of the level and scatter of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security among countries of Central Asia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask 2: factor analysis of the demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegression and correlation analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;a+\u0026sum;(b*EI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermination of the dependence of demographic security on the factors of inclusiveness of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask 3: Determine the perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in inclusiveness of the system of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimisation and forecasting with the simplex method, trend analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eΔDS, ΔEI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForecasting of growth rate of demographic security with the optimisation factors of education inclusiveness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, the research design of this paper involves the achievement of the set goal through the continuous resolution of the three following tasks. Task 1: monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia. This task is solved with the help of an analysis of variance. The selected method is applied to find arithmetic means and coefficients of variation (Var\u003csub\u003eDS\u003c/sub\u003e, Var\u003csub\u003eEI\u003c/sub\u003e) of all studied variables. This allows revealing the level and scatter of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security among the countries of Central Asia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask 2: factor analysis of the demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education. It is solved with the help of regression and correlation analysis. This allows determining the dependence of demographic security on the factors of inclusiveness of education. The research model has the following form:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;a+\u0026sum;(b*EI) (1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask 3: determining the perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through improvement of the inclusiveness of the system of education. This task is solved with the help of optimisation and forecasting using the simplex method; the method of trend analysis is used to find the growth rate of indicators in 2030 compared to 2023: ΔDS, ΔEI). This allows forecasting the growth rate of demographic security with optimisation factors of inclusiveness of education в the Decade of Action in Central Asia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMonitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo solve task 1 and reveal the level and scatter of the inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security among countries of Central Asia, we conducted their monitoring based on the statistics from Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, using the method of analysis of variance. The results of the monitoring are demonstrated in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, net migration equals \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;74.27 thousand people on average, which is a sign of the outflow of population from the countries of Central Asia. At that, variation is very high, equalling \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;265.22%: this means that the level of the problem of brain drain is different in the countries of Central Asia. The population growth rate is moderate, equalling 1.59% on average; its variation among the countries of Central Asia is also moderate: 66.87%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe poverty level is low: 15.39% of the population have an income of USD 3.65 per day in the constant prices of 2017; the scatter of the poverty level among the countries of Central Asia is very high: 145.41%. Gender equality from the positions of their participation in the labour market equals 69.99%, which is a sign of very high gender neutrality in the labour market.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployment level is low: 7.09%; its scatter is moderate among the countries of Central Asia: 34.91%. The level of the population using the Internet is 58.22%, i.e., moderate; its scatter is high among the countries of Central Asia, with a variation is 51.28%. Income inequality in Central Asia is low: The Gini index is 35.08 on average, and its variation is low \u0026ndash; 13.27%. This is a sign of a high level of social justice in Central Asia and a low level of tension in its social environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScope of the higher education among the population equals 41.55%, and its variation is high among the countries of Central Asia: 70.60%. The share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities in 2023 is 18.46% on average; its variation is high among the countries of Central Asia: 81.29%. Gender equality from the positions of their involvement in obtaining education is 93.77%, which is a sign of rather high gender neutrality in the system of education; its variation is low: 12.76%, which is a sign of homogeneity of the values of this indicator in Central Asia. The global competitiveness of universities is low: 21,10 points; its variation among the countries of Central Asia is high: 121.53%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThus, on the whole, demographic security, similar to the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in countries of Central Asia in 2023, is rather high. However, it has a growth potential, to stop the population outflow from Central Asia, which was observed in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactor analysis of demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo solve the second task and to find the dependence of demographic security on the factors of inclusiveness of education, we conducted a factor analysis of demographic security in Central Asia based on the data from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, using the method of regression and correlation analysis. The results obtained are shown in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2454\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171.1076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221860.7160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55465.1790\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8944\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e204944.5689\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29277.7956\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e426805.2849\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-428.2427\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e645.8206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6631\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5285\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1955.3656\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1098.8803\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4654\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9843\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.8593\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7901\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0420\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5951\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5705\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.1526\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9630\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7663\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7659\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-15.9601\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.7685\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.5906\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3425\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-8.6070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results obtained (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) show that net migration in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 72.10% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is also rather high: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.5198.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance F equals 0.2163 \u0026ndash; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.30. At the set level of significance, the F table equals 1.4985. F observed equals 1.8944 \u0026ndash; it exceeded the F table, therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.30. This confirms the reliability of the results of regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDS=-428.24\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;3.46*EI\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2.40EI\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2.40EI-2.59EI (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModel (2) showed that an increase in net migration is facilitated by only three factor variables: EI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, EI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, and EI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. Thus, an increase in the scope of higher education among the population by 1% leads to an increase in net migration by 3.46 thousand people. An increase in the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities by 1% leads to an increase in net migration by 2.40 thousand people. An increase in gender neutrality of the educational system by 1% leads to an increase in net migration by 2.40 thousand people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8311\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6906\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5642\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1410\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0563\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5480\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7941\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1558\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0680\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.6304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2306\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6864\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0487\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0450\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.3403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0393\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5686\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0653\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe obtained results (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) show that the population growth rate in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 83.11% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is also rather high: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.6906.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificance F equals 0.0563; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.10. At the set level of significance, the F table equals 2.9605. F observed equals 3.9069 \u0026ndash; it exceeds F Table, therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.10. This confirms the reliability of the results of regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.0234*EI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e-0.01EI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-0.04EI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-0.04EI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel (3) showed that an increase in the rate of population growth is facilitated by only one factor variable: EI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e. Thus, an increase in the scope of higher education among the population by 1% leads to an increase in population growth rate by 0.0200% per year.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8544\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7299\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5756\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5810\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4022.3597\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1005.5899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1488.2398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212.6057\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5510.5994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194.6234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.0339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.4890\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e324.7579\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7741\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4642\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2286\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6638\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5858\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.9411\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6618\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.9330\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3762\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4795\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.2114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9922\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0332\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results obtained (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) show that the poverty level in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 85.44% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the educational system. The correlation coefficient is also rather high: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.07299.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance F equals 0.0364; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.05. At the set level of significance, the F table equals 4.1203. F observed equals 4.7298 \u0026ndash; it exceeds the F table; therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.05. This proves the reliability of the results of the regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDS\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e=-194.62\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.23*EI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.23EI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-1.94EI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-0.48EI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel (4) showed that the reduction of the poverty level is facilitated by only three factor variables: EI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and EI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e. Thus, an increase in gender neutrality in the system of education by 1% leads to a decrease in the poverty level by 1.94%. An increase in the global competitiveness of universities by 1 point leads to a decrease in the poverty level by 1.94%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5806\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3371\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.8869\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6855.4835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1713.8709\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13482.4165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1926.0595\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20337.9000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-193.4139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165.6447\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.1676\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2812\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-585.1014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e198.2735\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0252\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.0609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0616\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0367\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0594\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9543\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.5130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6526\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8512\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results obtained (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) show that gender neutrality of the labour market in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 58.06% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is low: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3371. The F test was not passed \u0026ndash; therefore, the results of the regression analysis are insufficiently reliable. This means that there is no statistically significant dependence of gender neutrality in the labour market on the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5397\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2912\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6343\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.9086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.7801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8257\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.7358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.5816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.0531\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0569\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0617\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3870\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0890\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1327\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.1190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1477\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0595\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results obtained (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) show that the unemployment level in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 53.97% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is low: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2912. The F test was not passed \u0026ndash; therefore, the results of the regression analysis are insufficiently reliable. This means that there is no statistically significant dependence of the unemployment level on the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.2351\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7957.9738\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1989.4935\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5480\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1845.0588\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263.5798\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9803.0326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-39.5277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.2772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6451\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-184.4252\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105.3698\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5893\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.2005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3792\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2971\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7746\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4640\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9740\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4602\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0844\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9351\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5505\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5912\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results obtained (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e) show that the level of the population using the Internet in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 90.10% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is also very high: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.8118.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance F equals 0.0111; therefore, the results of the regression analysis conform to the level of significance of 0.05. At the set level of significance, the F table is 4.1203. F observed equals 7.5480; it exceeds the F table \u0026ndash; therefore, the results of the regression analysis are true at the level of significance of 0.05. This proves the reliability of the results of regression analysis and allows compiling the following regression model:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDS\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e=-39.53\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.59*EI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.30EI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.72EI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.02EI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel (5) showed that an increase in net migration is facilitated by all four factor variables. Thus, an increase in the scope of higher education among the population by 1% leads to an increase in the level of the population\u0026apos;s using the Internet by 0.59%. Growth of the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities by 1% leads to an increase in the level of the population\u0026apos;s using the Internet by 0.30%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAn increase in gender neutrality of the system of education by 1% leads to an increase in the level of the population\u0026apos;s using the Internet by 0.72%. An increase in the global competitiveness of universities by 1 point leads to an increase in the level of the population using the Internet by 0.02%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis of the dependence of DS\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e on the factors of EI\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegression statistics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2521\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdjusted R-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObservations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSignificance F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.0816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.0204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5900\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6810\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178.2209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.4601\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238.3025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoefficients\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandard error\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et-Stat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLower 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUpper 95%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY-intercept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.7842\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.0446\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1618\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-15.2492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.8176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.1244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2979\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3622\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0422\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3539\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.2397\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0789\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3446\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7405\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4626\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEI\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0849\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2951\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0925\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results obtained (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e) show that income inequality in countries of Central Asia in 2023 is 50.21% defined by the aggregate influence of the studied factors of inclusiveness of the system of higher education. The correlation coefficient is low: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2521. The F test was not passed \u0026ndash; therefore, the results of the regression analysis are insufficiently reliable. This means that there is no statistically significant dependence of income inequality on the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerspective of strengthening of demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the educational system\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo solve the third task \u0026ndash; determining the perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of education \u0026ndash; we used the compiled regression models (2)-(4) to conduct the optimisation of the factors of the higher education system with the application of the simplex method. We compiled a forecast of changes in the values of the indicators of demographic security in Central Asia in the Decade of Action. The method of trend analysis was used to find the growth rate of the indicators in 2020 compared to 2023. The revealed perspective is demonstrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe revealed perspective allowed forecasting the growth rate of demographic security with optimisation factors of inclusiveness of education in the Decade of Action in Central Asia. In particular, the author\u0026rsquo;s forecast involves the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncrease in net migration of 250.60% by 2030, up to 111.85 thousand people, compared to -74.27 thousand people in 2023;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncrease in the rate of population growth of 25.95% by 2030, up to 2.00%, compared to 1.59% in 2023;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDecrease in the poverty level of 28.12% by 2030, down to 11.06%, compared to 15.39% in 2023;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncrease in the population\u0026rsquo;s level of using the Internet of 67.27% by 2030, up to 97.38%, compared to 58.22% in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo achieve this perspective in practice and to fully develop the potential for strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia, we propose a set of the following recommendations for the improvement of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education until 2030:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncrease of the scope of higher education among the population of 140.68% by 2030, up to 100,00% - compared to 41.55% in 2023;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrowth of gender neutrality of the system of education of 6.64% by 2030, up to 100.00% - compared to 93.77% in 2023;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncrease in global competitiveness of universities of 52.49% by 2030, up to 35.23 points - compared to 23.10 points in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe paper\u0026rsquo;s contribution to the literature consists in the development of the concept of demographic security of the country as a subject of the world economy through clarification of the connection between this security and inclusiveness of the system of higher education, by the example of the unique experience of the countries of Central Asia. The results obtained are compared to the existing literature in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of the obtained results with the existing literature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSphere of comparison\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExisting literature\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of demographic security, which depend on the inclusiveness of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNet migration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurginbayeva and Abildaev (2013)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003econfirmed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation growth rate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGaloyan et al. (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003econfirmed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoverty level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePahlevan Sharif et al. (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003econfirmed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender neutrality in the labour market\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGil-Lacruz et al. (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployment level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmoa-Gyarteng and\u0026nbsp;Dhliwayo (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe level of the population using the Internet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiu et al. (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome inequality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTabash et al. (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of inclusiveness of education, which determine demographic security\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScope of higher education among population\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrzhedetskaya and\u0026nbsp;Borzenko (2019)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBogoviz et al. (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender neutrality in the system of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTovmasyan et al. (2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal competitiveness of universities\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBogoviz et al. (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisproved with a reservation: the influence is weak and contradictory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe systematised results of this research (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e) provided an answer to the posed RQ. This answer is that demographic security of Central Asia, as a subject of the world economy, is influenced by such factors of the inclusiveness of education as the scope of the higher education among population (confirming Przhedetskaya and Borzenko (2019)), the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities (conforming Bogoviz et al. (2018)), gender neutrality of the system of education (confirming Tovmasyan et al. (2022)), and global competitiveness of universities (confirming previous research by Bogoviz et al. (2020), but with a reservation \u0026ndash; the influence is weak and contradictory).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe outlined the range of characteristics of demographic security, which depend on the inclusiveness of education. It contains such characteristics as net migration (confirming Turginbayeva and Abildaev (2013)), population growth rate (confirming Galoyan et al. (2023)), poverty level (confirming Pahlevan Sharif et al. (2023)), and the level of population\u0026rsquo;s using the Internet (confirming Liu et al. (2023)). It was proven that inclusiveness of education does not influence such characteristics of demographic security as gender neutrality of the labour market (unlike Gil-Lacruz et al. (2023)), unemployment level (unlike Amoa-Gyarteng and Dhliwayo (2023)), and income inequality (unlike Tabash et al. (2023)).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThus, based on the performed research, the following results were obtained:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe conducted the monitoring of inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia, which revealed that demographic security, similar to inclusiveness of the system of higher education in countries of Central Asia in 2023, is high on the whole, but has the potential for growth;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe performed the factor analysis of demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education and compiled econometric models, which showed that the most significant and non-contradictory factors of the inclusiveness of education, which determine demographic security, are the scope of the higher education among population, the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities, and gender neutrality of the system of education;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe determined the perspective for strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of education, which demonstrated the possibilities of increasing net migration by 250.60%, raising the rate of population growth by 25.95%, reducing the poverty level by 28.12%, and increasing the population\u0026rsquo;s level of using the Internet by 67.27% until 2030.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe theoretical significance of the obtained results is connected with the fact that they disclosed the cause-and-effect relationships between demographic security with the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. The practical significance of the author\u0026rsquo;s recommendations on the improvement of the inclusiveness of the system of higher education is that their implementation will allow for the fullest development of the potential for strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia in the period until 2030. The social significance is that the proposed recommendations will allow achieving the highest results in the sphere of implementation of SDG 1, SDG 4, SDG 5, and SDGs 8\u0026ndash;10 in Central Asia in the Decade of Action.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical statement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP23488981 \u0026ldquo;Transformation of Kazakhstan\u0026rsquo;s labor resources against the background of technological challenges: new quality, model, scenarios\u0026rdquo;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData availability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll data used in this paper were obtained from the following open resources:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUN (2024). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. URL: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWIPO (2024). Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. URL: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Bank (2024a). Net migration. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Bank (2024b). Population growth (annual %). URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1. Amoa-Gyarteng, K., Dhliwayo, S. (2023). Globalization, entrepreneurial development and unemployment: a mediation analysis in the context of South Africa. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0126\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2. Bogoviz, A.V., Ragulina, Y.V., Alekseev, A.N., Anichkin, E.S., Dobrosotsky, V.I. (2018). Transformation of the role of human in the economic system in the conditions of knowledge economy creation. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 622: 673\u0026ndash;680. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75383-6_86\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3. Bogoviz, A.V., Shvakov, E.E., Tretyakova, O.G., Zakharov, M.Y., Abramov, A.N. (2020). Globalization of Education in the Conditions of Formation of the Global Knowledge Economy: Regularities and Tendencies. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 73: 993\u0026ndash;1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15160-7_99\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4. DeYoung, A.J., Constantine, E.A. (2009). Re-gendered education and society in the newly independent states (NIS) of Central Asia. Baker, D.P. and Wiseman, A.W. (Ed.) Gender, Equality and Education from International and Comparative Perspectives (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 10), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 255\u0026ndash;299. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2009)0000010011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5. Dotsenko, E., Galoyan, D., Burdenko, E., Mudrova, S. (2020). Structural Inertia as a Constraint for Sustainable Development and Interregional Differences in Quality of Life Reducing/ E3S Web of Conferences, 174: 04041\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e6. Galoyan, D.R., Mayilyan, F.N., Bazinyan, Y.A., Movsisyan, M.E., Torosyan, A.A. (2023). Triple Exploitation of Human Capital in Developing Countries. Environmental Footprints and Eco-Design of Products and Processes, 2023, Part F1766: 375\u0026ndash;383.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e7. Gil-Lacruz, A.I., Gil-Lacruz, M., Gracia Bernal, A., Flores-Garc\u0026iacute;a, M., Domingo-Torrecilla, P. (2023). Labour attitudes towards gender equity in Spain: the role of education throughout an economic cycle. Gender in Management, 38(8): 1172\u0026ndash;1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2021-0097\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e8. Kelley, A.C., Schmidt, R.M. (2007). A Century of Demographic Change and Economic Growth: The Asian Experience in Regional and Temporal Perspective. Mason, A. and Yamaguchi, M. (Ed.) Population Change, Labor Markets and Sustainable Growth: Towards a New Economic Paradigm (Contributions to Economic Analysis, Vol. 281), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 39\u0026ndash;74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0573-8555(07)81003-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9. Liu, X.Z., Ling, S., Liu, Y. (2023). How internet use affects personal privacy risk perception: empirical evidence from China. Online Information Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2023-0078\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10. Morai, M.J. (2023). Agenda 2030 Progress on Inclusive Education in Lesotho. Lane, D., Catania, N., Semon, S. (Ed.) Progress Toward Agenda 2030 (International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, Vol. 21), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 93\u0026ndash;104. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-363620230000021007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e11. Niyozov, S., Bahry, S.A. (2022). Decolonization of Education Research, Policy-making, and Practice in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan. Wiseman, A.W. (Ed.) Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2021 (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 42A), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 161\u0026ndash;183. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-36792022000042A014\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e12. Pahlevan Sharif, S., Naghavi, N., Waheed, H., Ehigiamusoe, K.U. (2023). The role of education in filling the gender gap in financial inclusion in low-income economies. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18 (12): 5755\u0026ndash;5777. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2021-0991\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13. Pov, S., Chhy, S. (2023). Progress of Inclusive Education Towards Agenda 2030 in Cambodia. Lane, D., Catania, N. and Semon, S. (Ed.) Progress Toward Agenda 2030 (International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, Vol. 21), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 173\u0026ndash;189. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-363620230000021012\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e14. Przhedetskaya, N., Borzenko, K. (2019). Marketing model of promotion of remote education by modern university. International Journal of Educational Management, 33 (3): 446\u0026ndash;453. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2018-0281\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e15. Tabash, M.I., Anagreh, S. and Adeosun, O.A. (2023). Revisiting the impact of financial development on income inequality and poverty reduction: empirical evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31 (7): 3393\u0026ndash;3412. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2022-3279\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e16. Tovmasyan, G., Hakhverdyan, D., Mkrtchyan, T., Petrosyan, A. (2022). The impact of Covid-19 on education quality and learning efficiency in universities: Evidence from Armenia.Issues in Educational Research, 32 (4): 1623\u0026ndash;2164.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e17. Turginbayeva, A.N., Abildaev, S.T. (2013). Quantitave assessment of regional economy competitiveness (Republic of Kazakhstan case study). Actual Problems of Economics, 146(8): 477\u0026ndash;485\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e18. UN (2024). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. URL: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e19. WIPO (2024). Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. URL: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e20. World Bank (2024a). Net migration. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e21. World Bank (2024b). Population growth (annual %). URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?view=chart (data accessed: 28.01.2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Institute of Economics of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"inclusiveness of education, demographic security, Central Asia, world economy, globalisation, Decade of Action, higher education","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5836663/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5836663/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe goal of this paper was to determine the role of inclusiveness of education in ensuring demographic security in Central Asia as a subject of the world economy and to identify the perspective of strengthening this security through the improvement of the educational system\u0026rsquo;s performing this role. The research was conducted based on the statistics of the UN, WIPO, and the World Bank for 2023, with the help of the methods of analysis of variance and correlation, regression, and trend analysis. As a result, the monitoring of the inclusiveness of the system of education and demographic security of Central Asia was conducted. It revealed that demographic security, same as inclusiveness of the system of higher education in countries of Central Asia in 2023, are high on the whole, but have a large growth potential. The factor analysis of the demographic security of Central Asia from the positions of inclusiveness of the system of education was conducted, and econometric models were compiled. They showed that the most significant and non-contradictory factors of the inclusiveness of education, which define demographic security, are scope of the higher education among the population, the share of graduates of academic and engineering specialities, and gender neutrality of the system of education. The perspective of strengthening the demographic security of Central Asia through an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of education was identified. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is connected with the fact that they disclosed the cause-and-effect relationships between demographic security with the inclusiveness of the system of higher education in Central Asia. The practical significance of the author\u0026rsquo;s recommendations for the increase in the inclusiveness of the system of higher education is that their implementation will allow for the fullest development of the potential for strengthening of demographic security of Central Asia in the period until 2030.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Inclusiveness of education as a factor of demographic security of Central Asia as a subject of the world economy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-17 05:00:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5836663/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4e39925a-f348-4950-8389-87ef6e3032af","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":42923964,"name":"International Economics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-17T05:00:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-17 05:00:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5836663","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5836663","identity":"rs-5836663","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}