Experimental study on the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under dynamic loading

Experimental study on the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under dynamic loading | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Experimental study on the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under dynamic loading Peng-qi Qiu, Wen-wei Wang, Kai Wang, Xiao-qiang Zhang, Jian-guo Ning, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6291410/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The impact failure response characteristics of rock specimens and bolted rock specimens under different impact dynamic loads were studied by Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). By comparing the time history laws of incident energy, reflection energy, transmission energy and dissipation energy in the process of rock impact failure in combination with the dynamic strain characteristics of bolts and rock, the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under impact loading was obtained. The design idea of surrounding rock bolt support in a dynamic loading roadway was proposed. The results show that ① When the impact velocity of the bullet is 7.1 m/s, 8.1 m/s and 8.9 m/s, the "EPRD" (effectiveness for a given period to resistance dynamic load) of bolted rock are 158 μs, 139 μs and 121 μs, respectively. The increase in impact velocity shortens the "EPRD" of bolted rock and accelerates the failure of bolted rock. ② The impact dynamic load energy of bolted rock is stored in the form of strain energy in the "cooperative deformation stage". The impact dynamic load energy of the "non-cooperative deformation stage" is dissipated by the pore initiation and development of the rock matrix, new surface, new crack and shear slip deformation between the bolt and rock. The impact dynamic load energy of the "failure stage" primarily acts on the broken rock. ③ The dissipation energy is an inherent property of bolted rock and has nothing to do with the impact dynamic load. The influence of the impact dynamic load on the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock can be reduced by increasing the "anti-energy" coefficient of the surrounding rock. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences/Environmental impact Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Geodynamics Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences bolted rock impact failure EPRD dissipation energy energy dissipation rate "anti-energy" coefficient Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Accepted 13 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6291410","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":444729967,"identity":"525b36aa-0152-45f5-a4f9-1d8ad16b3c49","order_by":0,"name":"Peng-qi Qiu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taiyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peng-qi","middleName":"","lastName":"Qiu","suffix":""},{"id":444729968,"identity":"6c0c3d9f-cc43-46ef-b455-2f7311fa56c8","order_by":1,"name":"Wen-wei Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIie2RP0vDQBiHLwQyvZL1AlK/wlsOrhWK+SoXhE5BHDPJSSBTwTV+DsH5wkFdTrsWutTNIUNuEwTxuha8OAq9Z3z5Pbz/CAkE/iuiopCrTmLxvYA0lX9Q9mY+IZ1Wt0OyPM9aNW5E703FiF4L2yZ6gVL44/jyqj+EocV9Y6ZPABtAoqLBlh7F3CznbpeiBsMY0B3MYhlnj8+/K1yVHA9dGmo4A9zBpVRJfOZTNj1Hly9WF/3sC8QboBIjyrZke6cwStZi2io1ruTbnhM32ASJVmjlNWRtV3t3yR5KZj+rO3eowyvlVZ6mdTdYj+JI6FEhkt68Ix7GEoFAIHDi/ACYCFygEWewQAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Taiyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen-wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":444729969,"identity":"d7ee318e-cc26-4f89-a135-e7e48e4bc0ca","order_by":2,"name":"Kai Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taiyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kai","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":444729970,"identity":"222b5cab-4bee-4693-9272-c01b074afec3","order_by":3,"name":"Xiao-qiang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taiyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiao-qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":444729971,"identity":"b9975a6b-cb78-48ea-bbf0-5ff88fecfc4f","order_by":4,"name":"Jian-guo Ning","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jian-guo","middleName":"","lastName":"Ning","suffix":""},{"id":444729972,"identity":"f28fb519-433f-4bcb-aae3-b7dfb122bc82","order_by":5,"name":"Chun-li Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi Technology and Business University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chun-li","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":444729973,"identity":"8f0e584d-8ee4-4e17-92fe-4733557edd41","order_by":6,"name":"Yu-long Jiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taiyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu-long","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiang","suffix":""},{"id":444729974,"identity":"c4e4a342-91e4-47a0-9821-418c1fc101f2","order_by":7,"name":"Jiang-dong Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Transportation Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiang-dong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""},{"id":444729975,"identity":"cc42a3c6-a4ce-45b8-8312-a087ed12194f","order_by":8,"name":"Ting-ting Cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taiyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ting-ting","middleName":"","lastName":"Cai","suffix":""},{"id":444729976,"identity":"dda2d56a-7010-4706-9a89-7e324bed6299","order_by":9,"name":"Xiaoyong Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoyong","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-24 04:08:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6291410/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6291410/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02436-7","type":"published","date":"2025-05-17T15:57:05+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83068399,"identity":"2eee2eb6-b1c0-4bc5-a072-d3fe63ec6576","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-19 16:10:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1426826,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedManuscriptwithtextUNmarked.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6291410/v1_covered_246808b4-03f8-4c43-ba6a-8781cabc66ec.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Experimental study on the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under dynamic loading","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"bolted rock, impact failure, EPRD, dissipation energy, energy dissipation rate, \"anti-energy\" coefficient","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6291410/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6291410/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe impact failure response characteristics of rock specimens and bolted rock specimens under different impact dynamic loads were studied by Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). By comparing the time history laws of incident energy, reflection energy, transmission energy and dissipation energy in the process of rock impact failure in combination with the dynamic strain characteristics of bolts and rock, the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under impact loading was obtained. The design idea of surrounding rock bolt support in a dynamic loading roadway was proposed. The results show that ① When the impact velocity of the bullet is 7.1 m/s, 8.1 m/s and 8.9 m/s, the \"EPRD\" (effectiveness for a given period to resistance dynamic load) of bolted rock are 158 μs, 139 μs and 121 μs, respectively. The increase in impact velocity shortens the \"EPRD\" of bolted rock and accelerates the failure of bolted rock. ② The impact dynamic load energy of bolted rock is stored in the form of strain energy in the \"cooperative deformation stage\". The impact dynamic load energy of the \"non-cooperative deformation stage\" is dissipated by the pore initiation and development of the rock matrix, new surface, new crack and shear slip deformation between the bolt and rock. The impact dynamic load energy of the \"failure stage\" primarily acts on the broken rock. ③ The dissipation energy is an inherent property of bolted rock and has nothing to do with the impact dynamic load. The influence of the impact dynamic load on the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock can be reduced by increasing the \"anti-energy\" coefficient of the surrounding rock.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Experimental study on the energy dissipation mechanism of bolted rock under dynamic loading","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-24 03:34:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6291410/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Accepted","date":"2025-05-13T10:07:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-09T12:12:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"15230721936608048211168242135863975536","date":"2025-04-24T11:08:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"91827163422935664784018028645893568124","date":"2025-04-24T10:58:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-24T10:43:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-18T07:40:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-04-17T12:40:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8bcb9dd3-3a8e-4ec5-861e-b80b891fa35b","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":47351861,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences/Environmental impact"},{"id":47351862,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Geodynamics"},{"id":47351863,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-19T16:08:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6291410","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02436-7","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-17 15:57:05","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 17th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-24 03:34:32","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-02436-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02436-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6291410","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6291410","identity":"rs-6291410","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}