EATMR: An Energy-Aware Trust Algorithm Based the AODV Protocol and Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks

EATMR: An Energy-Aware Trust Algorithm Based the AODV Protocol and Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article EATMR: An Energy-Aware Trust Algorithm Based the AODV Protocol and Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks Huaying Yin, Hongmei Yang, Maryam Hajiee This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1001944/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Rapid developments in radio technology and processors have led to the emergence of small sensor nodes that provide communication over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The crucial issues in these networks are energy consumption management and reliable data exchange. Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, WSNs become a vulnerable target against many security attacks. Thus, energy-aware trust-based techniques have become a powerful tool for detecting nodes’ behavior and providing security solutions in WSN. Clustering-based routings are one of the most effective methods in increasing the WSN performance. In this paper, an Energy-Aware Trust algorithm based on the AODV protocol and Multi-path Routing approach (EATMR) is proposed to improve the security of WSNs. EATMR consists of two main phases: firstly, the nodes are clustered based on the Open-Source Development Model Algorithm (ODMA), and then in the second phase, clustering-based routing is applied. In this paper, the routing process follows the AODV protocol and multi-path routes approach with considering energy-aware trust. Here, the optimal and safe route is determined based on various parameters, namely energy, trust, hop-count, and distance. In this regard, we emphasize the evaluation of node trust using direct trust, indirect trust, and a multi-objective function. The simulation has been performed in MATLAB software in the presence of a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. The simulation results show that EATMR performs better than other approaches such as M-CSO and SQEER in terms of successfully detecting malicious nodes and enhancing network lifetime, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio. Cell Communication and Signaling WSN Trust Energy-aware AODV protocol ODMA Multi-path Routing Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 23 Oct, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Oct, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 20 Oct, 2021 First submitted to journal 05 Oct, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1001944","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":58656952,"identity":"36910dea-8957-48d8-a684-eecbb44589e5","order_by":0,"name":"Huaying Yin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hebei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huaying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yin","suffix":""},{"id":58656953,"identity":"16962a22-decd-46be-b328-acf6a3e34fdf","order_by":1,"name":"Hongmei Yang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSBOMLCp33+Y+fCDD0AOGztRWgrSGBuOs6UZzgBpYSZGC8OHw4wN53kUpHlAHEJaDG53Jz54YHCYmbGZh8HY5tc2eT5mBsYPH3PwaLlzdrNBgkE6GzMz74HHuX23DduYGZglZ27Do+VG7jaJBANrHjZmvgTj3J7bjEAtbMy8+LVs/5FgwCzBw8xjIG3Zc9ueGC3bgIHsbCAB0sLw43YiQS2SN3I3Ax2WBrQIGMi9DbeT24AhgdcvfDdyN3788ccmwYD/8OEHP/7ctp3f3nzww0c8WhQOIPMY28BkA271QCCPKv0Hr+JRMApGwSgYoQAA2j9SW/7kpdUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-7076","institution":"Hebei University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongmei","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":58656954,"identity":"40adc9e0-739d-4144-962f-fc054ac5686d","order_by":2,"name":"Maryam Hajiee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Islamic Azad University of Hamedan","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maryam","middleName":"","lastName":"Hajiee","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-10-21 03:42:45","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1001944/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1001944/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":14922489,"identity":"44ae6f33-da45-4ae9-ad1d-7c08c646b0f5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-26 20:33:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2060057,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"sourcefinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1001944/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"EATMR: An Energy-Aware Trust Algorithm Based the AODV Protocol and Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1001944/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"telecommunication-systems","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"tels","sideBox":"Learn more about [Telecommunication Systems](https://www.springer.com/journal/11235)","snPcode":"11235","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11235/3","title":"Telecommunication Systems","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"WSN, Trust, Energy-aware, AODV protocol, ODMA, Multi-path Routing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1001944/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1001944/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRapid developments in radio technology and processors have led to the emergence of small sensor nodes that provide communication over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The crucial issues in these networks are energy consumption management and reliable data exchange. Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, WSNs become a vulnerable target against many security attacks. Thus, energy-aware trust-based techniques have become a powerful tool for detecting nodes’ behavior and providing security solutions in WSN. Clustering-based routings are one of the most effective methods in increasing the WSN performance. In this paper, an Energy-Aware Trust algorithm based on the AODV protocol and Multi-path Routing approach (EATMR) is proposed to improve the security of WSNs. EATMR consists of two main phases: firstly, the nodes are clustered based on the Open-Source Development Model Algorithm (ODMA), and then in the second phase, clustering-based routing is applied. In this paper, the routing process follows the AODV protocol and multi-path routes approach with considering energy-aware trust. 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