Effects of cumulative exposures to climate-related disasters on social capital

Effects of cumulative exposures to climate-related disasters on social capital | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Effects of cumulative exposures to climate-related disasters on social capital Ang Li, Rebecca McNaught This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763080/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Social capital is recognised as a key resource that supports disaster recovery. Yet, as climate change drives more frequent and overlapping disasters worldwide, our understanding of how consecutive or compounding events affect social capital – its access and capacity to aid community recovery – remains limited. This study investigated how multiple disasters affected social capital, what explained variations in these effects across communities, and their role in shaping mental, social, and general health over time. Methods: Using population-based longitudinal data from 2009 to 2019 in Australia, people who experienced home damage from at least one disaster (flood, bushfire, or cyclone) were tracked from pre-disaster to post-disaster years after the first and repeated disasters, in comparison to unexposed baselines. The effects of cumulative disaster exposures on different types of social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) were assessed using a panel event study design with linear models with multiway fixed effects and clustering. Trajectory heterogeneity was examined to identify factors contributing to losses and gains in social capital over time. The capacity of social capital to support mental, social, and general health across multiple disasters was determined. Results: Climate-related disasters negatively affected bonding social capital, which declined further with repeated disasters. The effect of repeated disasters was especially pronounced for the youth cohorts, renters, and areas with socioeconomic disadvantages. Post-disaster trajectories in mental, social, and general health were significantly shaped by access to bonding social capital. In contrast, there was evidence of a trend toward increased bridging and linking social capital in response to repeated exposures to climate-related disasters. Conclusion: Further increases in disaster exposure linked to climate change may undermine close social ties, eroding protective buffers of bonding social capital and limiting the ability of populations to draw upon mutual aid as a coping strategy. This underscores the need for interventions that sustain and strengthen social capital in the context of repeated disaster exposures. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Climate-change impacts Humanities/Health humanities Social science/Sociology Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Climate change is increasing the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, and duration of natural hazards, such as extreme precipitation and heat, floods, cyclones, and wildfires 1 . These changes to the nature of hazards are leading to sequential and compounding disaster events that create cascading and intersecting economic, environmental and social pressures on society 2,3 . Climate change and disaster literature to date hasn’t explored well the cumulative effects on society of successive events, often assessing climate risk linearly and one dimensionally rather than as interactions between events and types of climate hazards 4,5 . So-called ‘connected’ extreme events contain interacting social and physical dimensions that can magnify the total impact 6 . The increasingly cumulative nature of climate-related disasters not only strains physical and economic systems but also poses a risk to social capital, as a source of resilience and as a marker of vulnerability, potentially reshaping how communities respond and recover. Positive social dimensions, such as community connection, social cohesion and mutual aid, have been highlighted as key attributes in assisting disaster affected communities respond to and recover from disasters 7-10 . Bordieu’s conceptualisation of social capital (in addition to economic and cultural capital), posits that a person’s level of social capital is determined by their access to social connections and the collective capital of the network upon which they draw upon 11 . Network-related theories of social capital have been further categorised into bonding, bridging and linking capital 12-14 , referring to strong horizontal linkages between groups of people with similar bonds (e.g., family, cultural and friend ties), horizontal linkages between members of different groups (e.g., sporting clubs and religious organisations), and vertical linkages between groups with formal institutions (e.g., government agencies and politicians), respectively 14,15 . Within the context of growing climate risks, these social capital forms should be considered a key component of adaptive capacity 3,16 . Despite the allure of maintaining and building social capital as a disaster risk reduction measure, existing critiques of social capital point to its unequal access both within and across groups in society, leading to the potential inequitable distribution of disaster impacts and resources 17-19 . The benefits of social capital can be unevenly distributed or inconsistently sustained 20-22 . Social capital research and policy can make broad statements about the importance of social capital without interrogating which groups can mobilise it in what ways. In essence, critiques of social capital reveal a ‘dark side’, with social capital enabling some at the expense of others 20 . While the risk of compounding climate events is increasingly recognised, the current understanding of the cumulative effects of being exposed to multiple disaster events 3-5 and its implications on social capital remain limited. Existing research is often restricted to a phase in the disaster management cycle or the effects of one event, including how social capital is accessed and used in its aftermath 21,23 . Studies that consider the implications of successive disasters in the context of social capital largely rely on qualitative studies that focus on single points in time, or reference compounding events primarily as contextual background 24-27 . Such research without longitudinal designs and systematic measures of repeated exposures lacks generalisability, causal interpretability, and the ability to quantify cumulative impacts. In light of these substantive gaps, this study investigates the effects of repeated climate-related disasters on social capital, the implications of these repeated exposures for priority groups within society, and the resulting inequalities in the recovery of mental, social, and general health. Drawing upon the framing of bridging, bonding and linking capital to understand the impacts of compounding disasters on social capital in Australia, this study explores how different forms of social capital can be impacted and mobilised across multiple disaster events and considers the implications of these findings in a warming world. Methods Data Data is drawn from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey from 2009 to 2019, a nationally representative, longitudinal study that uses a stratified multistage clustered sampling design and interviews more than 11,000 Australians annually about their demographic, economic, and social conditions 28 . Over the study period, 2,003 (8.1%) of the 24,651 HILDA respondents reported experiencing a climate-related disaster that damaged or destroyed their home. Of these, 1,685 experienced one disaster, 251 experienced two, and 67 experienced three or more. The sample includes de-identified individuals with at least one year of pre-disaster status data available, resulting in a total of 1,519 individuals at baseline. Social capital Table 1 lists social capital measures, indicators, scale and data periods. In line with the typologies established in literature 13,14 , social capital is assessed through the measures of bonding, bridging, and linking capital, which describe close relationships among similar individuals within networks, loose ties spanning social groups between networks, and connections between regular citizens and those in power, respectively 14 . Based on previous literature and the availability of data 14,21,28 , bonding social capital is measured through ten questions about immediate social networks; bridging social capital is assessed based on responses to two questions on involvement in local organisations and events; and linking social capital is measured using connections with politicians and political parties. All questions are converted to a scale from 1 to 7 and averaged across items, with higher values indicating stronger social capital. Mental, social, and general health Mental, social, and general health outcomes were assessed based on validated and widely used health screening and quality-of-life measures. Mental health was measured using a binary indicator to identify individuals at high risk of depressive symptoms, defined as Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) score lower than 76, based on previous psychiatric literature using various optimisation methods 29 . The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a screening tool for non-specific psychological distress within the anxiety–depression spectrum, was used as an alternative measure for robustness checking 30 . Social health was assessed using the social functioning domain of the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) that measures the extent of interference with social activities due to physical health or emotional problems, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (higher values indicate better health outcomes) 31 . General health was adopted from the SF-36 and used to measure personal physical health status, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (higher values indicate better health outcomes) 31 . Exposure to disasters Exposure to climate-related disasters was assessed based on respondents' reports of whether a weather-related disaster (e.g., flood, bushfire, or cyclone) had damaged or destroyed their home in the past year. A time-varying running sum of exposures was constructed to capture the cumulative number of disasters and years following each event (e.g., pre-disaster, 1 st disaster year, 1 st disaster post year 1 to year 3, 2 nd disaster year, 2 nd disaster post year 1 to year 3, 3 rd disaster year, and 3 rd disaster post year 1 to year 3). The second and third disasters were considered repeated occurrences and were aggregated to ensure sufficient observations for analysis. Unexposed population Control groups comprised of population unexposed to disasters during the study period were created as comparison. Each exposed cohort that experienced a disaster in a particular year was matched to a control cohort based on social vulnerabilities to climate-related disasters 19 at the year before the disaster, including sex, age, education, remoteness (based on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia Plus defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics), area socioeconomic status (based on the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics), household structure, equivalised household income, employment status, long-term health condition, impairment or disability, housing tenure, dwelling type, and state or territory. Exposed and control cohorts were dynamically matched using one-to-five nearest neighbour matching with replacement. Statistical analysis Using a panel event study design to account for leads and lags of disaster exposures, linear regression models with multiple levels of fixed effects and multi-way adjustment of clustering standard errors were applied. Models controlled for exposure indicators and key social determinants of vulnerabilities to climate-related disasters, including sex (females or males), age (<30, 30-64, or ≥65), education (graduate/postgraduate, high school/advanced certificate, or year 11 or below), remoteness (metropolitan, regional, or remote), area socioeconomic status (quintiles of the IRSAD), household structure (couple without children, couple with children, lone parent, lone person, or others), employment (part-time, full-time, unemployed, or not in the labour force), housing tenure (outright owner, mortgaged owner, or renter), dwelling type (detached/semi-detached house or otherwise), (pre-disaster) chronic health condition, physical impairment, or disability (yes or no), along with fixed effects of local government areas and years. Clustered standard errors were adjusted at the local government area and individual levels. Among exposed populations, factors contributing to the heterogeneity in the impact of multiple disasters on social capital were examined through interactions between disaster exposure indicators and various demographic (sex, age, and chronic health condition/physical impairment/disability), housing (housing tenure, dwelling type, and displacement), economic (employment, education, and household income), and locational (area remoteness, area Gini coefficient (above or below 0.4), and area socioeconomic status) determinants. The role of social capital in overall health and wellbeing across multiple disasters was assessed through interactions between each form of social capital and disaster exposure indicators in the models of social, mental, and physical functioning outcomes. Results Descriptive sample summary Table 2 presents the summary statistics of the unexposed and exposed populations at the year prior to the disaster. In line with existing evidence 3,32 , people exposed to climate-related disasters were more likely than unexposed populations at baseline to live in regional areas, reside in communities with lower socioeconomic status, and experience chronic health conditions, physical impairment, or disabilities, and poorer social, mental and physical health. Compoundedly, these social vulnerabilities were associated with a greater likelihood of repeated disaster exposure than a single exposure. Patterns also varied by housing tenure, with mortgaged owners more likely to experience repeated disasters while private renters more often faced a single disaster. Social capital dynamics likewise shifted with recurrence, with bonding social capital declining as disasters accumulated while bridging and linking social capital increased. Trajectories in social capital and associated health and wellbeing following repeated disasters Longitudinal trajectories of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital from before the first disaster to after consecutive disasters (Figure 1) reveal decreases in bonding social capital and increases in bridging and linking social capital at the disaster years as the number of disasters experienced grew. Specifically, bonding social capital declined during the initial exposure, followed by a recovery over time comparable to the general population; however, the decrease was more pronounced during repeated disasters, without a recovery trend. On the other hand, access to bridging and linking social capital showed a modest increase as disaster exposures recurred. Longitudinal trajectories of health and wellbeing outcomes associated with social capital spanning the period from before the initial disaster to following consecutive disasters (Figure 2) indicate that the patterns of mental health, social functioning, and general health are reflected in the experience of bonding social capital. Repeated disasters were associated with more severe and sustained declines in these health and wellbeing outcomes, consistent with trends in bonding social capital. Effects of consecutive climate-related disasters on social capital The estimated effects of cumulative exposure to climate-related disasters on bonding, bridging, and linking social capital are presented in Table 3, adjusting for an array of sociodemographic variables and fixed effects. Results for bonding social capital show a decrease of 0.07 points (95%CI: -0.11, -0.02) during the initial exposure, followed by a recovery. In the case of repeated disasters, the negative effect was greater than that of the initial exposure, at -0.20 points (95%CI: -0.36, -0.03) in the disaster year and persisted in the following years (post year 1: -0.23, 95%CI: -0.39, -0.07; post year 2: -0.24, 95%CI: -0.43, -0.05; post year 3: -0.22, 95%CI: -0.46; 0.01). Relative to the standard decision of 1, the effect sizes observed during the repeated disasters were considered small to medium 33 . Results for bridging and linking social capital indicate a trend toward increases during years of recurring disasters (bridging: 0.36, 95%CI: -0.09, 0.80; linking: 0.29, 95%CI: -0.05, 0.64), although these effects were not statistically significant at the 5% level. Variation in the effects of climate-related disasters on social capital across determinants Table 4 presents the effects of climate disasters on social capital according to its demographic (panel (a)), housing (panel (b)), economic (panel (c)), and locational (panel (d)) determinants (using bonding social capital as the outcome measure given its statistical significance). Greater losses in bonding social capital during repeated disasters were observed among females, young people, those with long-term conditions, impairment, or disabilities, renters, those living in flats, units or apartments, movers, employed individuals, those with middle incomes, and those of areas with lower socioeconomic advantage. Significance tests on group differences showed that younger populations (effect size ranging from -0.51 to -0.86), renters (effect size ranging from -0.26 to -0.54), and those in more socioeconomically disadvantaged areas (effect size ranging from -0.26 to -0.58) experienced greater declines in bonding social capital from repeated disasters. Role of social capital in health and wellbeing outcomes across multiple disasters Figure 3 illustrates the moderating role of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital on mental health (panel (a)), social functioning (panel (b)), and general health (panel (c)) across multiple disasters. Compared with higher social capital, low social capital in any form was associated with lower levels of, and more pronounced declines in, mental health, social functioning, and general health following disasters. Tests on the interaction terms indicate that changes in mental, social, and general health from pre to post disasters significantly varied by levels of bonding social capital (p<0.01 for mental health; p=0.07 for social functioning; p=0.08 for general health). Sensitivity analyses using MHI-5 and K10 generate similar results. Discussion This research explored whether and to what extent repeated exposures to climate-related disasters impacted the access and capacity of different types of social capital in Australia. Drawing upon longitudinal national data over a decade, the study disaggregated disasters into first and repeated exposures, classified social capital into bonding, bridging and linking types, identified determinants that explained gains and losses in social capital, and examined the role of different social capital forms in mental, social, and general health outcomes. Results indicate that increased exposure to climate-related disasters has an erosive and cumulative impact on people’s access to bonding social capital. Although bonding social capital was found to largely recover after an initial disaster, repeated disasters led to greater and more sustained losses, indicating that in an era of increasing disaster risks, people are increasingly unlikely to be immune to the erosion of social ties within their immediate network. Previous research has identified the negative effect of single disaster events on social trust and social support 21,34,35 . Repeated drawing of disaster affected populations upon their close connections without reciprocity 18 , displacements that disrupt social contacts and networks 36 , or community tensions arising from different experiences 37 may wear down community connectedness and reduce social capital over time. Findings provide suggestive evidence of increases in bridging and linking social capital as the number of exposures to climate-related disasters accumulated. Disasters may require affected populations to seek aid across communities and from external organisations, forcing new forms of bridging capital to be built; they are also more likely to advocate for their needs with politicians which may in part also explain this finding relating to linking capital 38 . Differential impacts across populations were examined to determine risk factors for losses of social capital. First, across age groups, younger cohorts were found to have the worst social capital recovery from repeated disasters. This supports research conducted after disaster events which confirms the long-term social and mental health impacts on young people 3,39,40 . This finding suggests the pressing need for the provision of youth specific supports post-disaster by disaster service organisations as generalised support can tend to target adults. Second, renters were found to be more isolated and have greater losses in bonding social capital when exposed to repeated disasters, followed by mortgaged owners and outright owners. This was likely related to their high rates of residential displacement and mobility without being tied to an asset 32,41 , placing renters at greater risk of losing bonding social capital and community connectedness 21,42 as housing insecurity undermines the conditions needed to accumulate and mobilise such resources 43,44 . Third, there is some evidence that the impact on bonding social capital was also greater for those from areas with lower socioeconomic status. Previous studies have found that people with lower socio-economic status have fewer resources for mutual aid, social connection and reciprocity 18,45 , though some studies find that less resourced and less politically and economically connected communities were more likely to rely on and build upon social capital post-disaster 46 . Importantly, deficiencies in any type of social capital were in general associated with reduced mental health (and increased risks of depressive symptoms), social functioning, and general health, and with more pronounced declines after disasters. In particular, mental, social, and general health post disasters was strongly shaped by the level of bonding social capital available. This has been found in the findings of previous studies following single events 17,47,48 , but these findings under multiple disaster scenarios have significant implications for a climate changed future where events are likely to compound 49 . Increasingly, social capital, social cohesion, and mutual aid are being studied to show promising prospects for co-management of disasters between emergency services and communities 50 , especially in the face of increasingly large-scale flood and wildfire disasters 51,52 . Reflecting the increase in social capital literature over time 23 , there is also an increasing focus on social capital, social infrastructure, and social cohesion in disaster and climate policies 53 . The feature of social dimensions of risk and assets in state and national policy is an indication of its increasing value to practice. This research, while alarming and indicating the limitations of social capital, does not necessarily negate the importance of building social capital in an era of compounding disaster events. Instead, it indicates the importance of moving beyond environmental change research and practice that focus solely on the context of preparing for or recovering from one event and that work off the assumption of a sustained and stable stock of social capital over time, and instead explores the occurrence, maintenance and building of social capital within a warming world, including particularly in regional disaster-prone hot spots. Communities of practice and research need to ask and answer what building and maintaining social capital may look like in the context of multiple exposures to disasters. Without this investigation, current efforts to build social capital and support recovery may be eroded and futile. Rather than extractive research that holds severely disaster affected communities up as ‘beetles in a glass jar’, engaged, longitudinal and embedded research that co-designs and tests social capital strategies is required. This study has several limitations. First, climate-related disaster exposure was operationalised through housing damage from floods, wildfires or cyclones and lacked disaggregation by disaster type and severity. Different forms of climate-related disaster exposure may be linked to varying degrees of social capital erosion. Future research could incorporate these dimensions to allow for broader quantification of the social impact. Second, the measurement of linking social capital could be expanded to include additional indicators to more comprehensively characterise how resources and information are accessed from formal institutions such as government authorities, non-governmental organisations, and aid agencies. Third, while social capital on average was negatively affected by repeated disaster exposures, capacity for disaster response and social linkages might also improve over time in some settings 54 . Future studies could employ alternative modelling approaches to identify subgroups that experienced gains in social capital and the protective factors associated with these improvements. Conclusion This study found that while bonding capital typically recovers after one disaster exposure, its decline was more severe and persistent during repeated disasters. This erosive effect was particularly pronounced among people who were younger, in rental housing, or from areas with lower socioeconomic conditions. Lower social capital in any form was associated with more pronounced increases in risks of depressive symptoms, declines in social functioning, and worsened general health following disaster exposures. These findings have significant implications as climate change manifests further, causing increased frequency of climatic disasters, which is likely to undermine social networks and connectedness. 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Social capital measures Social capital measures Indicators Scale Years available Bonding social capital People don’t come to visit me as often as I’d like 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 I often need help from other people but can’t get it 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 I seem to have a lot of friends 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 I don’t have anyone I can confide in 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 I have no one to lean on in times of trouble 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 There is someone who can always cheer me up when I’m down 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 I often feel very lonely 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 I enjoy the time I spend with the people who are important to me 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 When something’s on my mind, just talking with the people I know can make me feel better 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 When I need someone to help me out, I can usually find someone 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) 2009-19 Bridging social capital Encourage others to get involved with a group that's trying to make a difference in the community 1 (Never) to 6 (Very often) 2010, 14, 18 Attend events that bring people together such as fetes, shows, festivals or other community events 1 (Never) to 6 (Very often) 2010, 14, 18 Linking social capital Get in touch with a local politician or councillor about issues that concern me 1 (Never) to 6 (Very often) 2010, 14, 18 Get involved in activities for a union, political party, or group that is for or against something 1 (Never) to 6 (Very often) 2010, 14, 18 Notes: Bonding social capital, bridging social capital, and linking social capital were converted to a 1-7 scale with higher scores indicating higher social capital. Table 2. Sample statistics at baseline Unexposed population Exposed population Total disasters experienced=0 Total disasters experienced=1 Total disasters experienced>1 n=4066 n=1302 n=217 % n % n % n Female 51.7 2102 51.5 671 54.4 118 Male 48.3 1964 48.5 631 45.6 99 Age=65 16.9 687 15.4 201 14.7 32 Metro areas 62.4 2537 52.4 682 47.9 104 Regional areas 35.7 1452 45.1 587 50.2 109 Remote areas 1.9 77 2.5 33 1.8 4 Area socioeconomics lowest quintile 19.4 789 19.7 256 20.3 44 Area socioeconomics 2nd quintile 19.6 797 22.6 294 25.8 56 Area socioeconomics 3rd quintile 21.0 854 20.4 266 20.3 44 Area socioeconomics 4th quintile 19.2 781 18.4 240 18.0 39 Area socioeconomics highest quintile 20.8 846 18.9 246 15.7 34 Couple without children 30.1 1224 31.3 408 28.1 61 Couple with children 45.8 1862 41.0 534 38.2 83 Lone parent 7.3 297 7.7 100 12.0 26 Lone person 12.4 504 14.8 193 17.5 38 Other household type 4.4 179 5.1 66 4.1 9 Household income lowest quintile 19.7 801 19.7 256 20.3 44 Household income 2nd quintile 20.3 825 20.6 268 20.3 44 Household income 3rd quintile 19.2 781 18.5 241 22.6 49 Household income 4th quintile 19.8 805 19.7 256 18.4 40 Household income highest quintile 21.1 858 21.5 280 18.4 40 Graduate/postgraduate 21.2 862 21.1 275 18.0 39 High school/advanced certificate 48.7 1980 49.1 639 56.2 122 Year 11 or below 30.1 1224 29.8 388 25.8 56 Employed 64.4 2619 64.1 835 59.4 129 Unemployed 3.3 134 3.9 51 3.7 8 Not in the labour force 32.3 1313 32.0 417 36.9 80 Chronic health condition/impairment/disability 23.9 972 31.0 404 39.6 86 Outright owner 14.0 569 16.6 216 15.2 33 Mortgaged owner 60.0 2440 52.3 680 59.4 129 Private renter 20.3 825 24.4 317 19.8 43 Social renter 2.3 94 2.4 31 2.8 6 Other housing tenure 3.3 134 4.3 56 2.8 6 House 93.6 3806 90.3 1176 92.6 201 Flat/unit/apartment/other 5.8 236 8.8 115 5.5 12 Bonding social capital (mean, sd) 5.43 1.01 5.36 1.03 5.24 1.03 Bridging social capital (mean, sd) 2.78 1.14 2.82 1.13 3.18 1.27 Linking social capital (mean, sd) 1.63 0.94 1.64 0.89 1.85 1.21 Table 3. Effects of multiple disasters on social capital Bonding Bridging Linking First disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.07*** 0.04 -0.08 [-0.11 -0.02] [-0.21 0.28] [-0.26 0.11] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.03 -0.03 0.04 [-0.10 0.03] [-0.28 0.21] [-0.12 0.21] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster 0.01 -0.07 0.11 [-0.07 0.10] [-0.30 0.16] [-0.12 0.33] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster 0.01 0.01 0.06 [-0.09 0.11] [-0.16 0.17] [-0.06 0.19] Repeated disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.20** 0.36 0.29* [-0.36 -0.03] [-0.09 0.80] [-0.05 0.64] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.23*** 0.14 -0.09 [-0.39 -0.07] [-0.30 0.58] [-0.37 0.20] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster -0.24** -0.24 -0.02 [-0.43 -0.05] [-0.59 0.11] [-0.32 0.29] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster -0.22* -0.40 0.30 [-0.46 0.01] [-1.00 0.20] [-0.18 0.78] Notes: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01 Table 4. Variation in effects of climate-related disasters on bonding social capital across determinants (a) Demographic determinants Sex Age chronic conditions, impairment, or disabilities Male Female <30 30-64 ≥65 No Yes First disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.06 -0.07 -0.16 -0.05 0.00 -0.06 -0.07 [-0.12 0.01] [-0.13 -0.01] [-0.26 -0.06] [-0.10 0.01] [-0.10 0.10] [-0.11 -0.02] [-0.15 0.01] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.02 -0.05 -0.10 -0.04 0.08 -0.04 -0.02 [-0.10 0.06] [-0.15 0.05] [-0.24 0.05] [-0.11 0.03] [-0.06 0.21] [-0.11 0.03] [-0.13 0.08] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster 0.00 0.02 -0.06 0.03 0.07 -0.02 0.08 [-0.10 0.11] [-0.09 0.13] [-0.22 0.10] [-0.07 0.13] [-0.07 0.21] [-0.10 0.07] [-0.05 0.21] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.13 -0.02 0.07 [-0.11 0.12] [-0.10 0.13] [-0.20 0.18] [-0.13 0.10] [-0.02 0.28] [-0.12 0.08] [-0.10 0.24] Tests on effect difference p=0.93 p=0.13 p=0.59 Repeated disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.13 -0.25 -0.57 -0.15 -0.05 -0.11 -0.33 [-0.33 0.07] [-0.46 -0.04] [-1.08 -0.06] [-0.30 -0.00] [-0.36 0.25] [-0.30 0.08] [-0.56 -0.09] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.20 -0.26 -0.60 -0.25 0.10 -0.18 -0.32 [-0.43 0.03] [-0.48 -0.04] [-1.04 -0.16] [-0.44 -0.06] [-0.21 0.41] [-0.38 0.02] [-0.60 -0.04] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster -0.34 -0.18 -0.86 -0.25 0.23 -0.14 -0.42 [-0.59 -0.08] [-0.42 0.06] [-1.45 -0.27] [-0.47 -0.04] [-0.07 0.52] [-0.39 0.11] [-0.69 -0.15] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster -0.27 -0.20 -0.51 -0.18 -0.16 -0.08 -0.46 [-0.59 0.06] [-0.50 0.11] [-1.19 0.18] [-0.47 0.11] [-0.59 0.27] [-0.36 0.19] [-0.82 -0.10] Tests on effect difference p=0.35 p<0.01 p=0.32 (b) Housing determinants Housing tenure Dwelling type Displacement Outright owner Mortgaged owner Renter House Flat, unit, apartment, or other Stayed Moved First disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.09 -0.07 -0.05 -0.07 -0.03 -0.07 -0.07 [-0.21 0.03] [-0.13 -0.01] [-0.16 0.07] [-0.12 -0.02] [-0.28 0.22] [-0.12 -0.02] [-0.21 0.08] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.01 -0.05 -0.02 -0.04 0.02 -0.01 -0.13 [-0.15 0.12] [-0.13 0.03] [-0.17 0.14] [-0.11 0.03] [-0.28 0.33] [-0.08 0.06] [-0.37 0.10] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster 0.10 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 [-0.06 0.25] [-0.11 0.11] [-0.16 0.14] [-0.07 0.10] [-0.25 0.29] [-0.07 0.10] [-0.20 0.20] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster 0.04 0.00 -0.03 0.00 0.07 0.05 -0.18 [-0.13 0.21] [-0.12 0.11] [-0.21 0.14] [-0.10 0.10] [-0.20 0.35] [-0.05 0.15] [-0.42 0.06] Tests on effect difference p=0.11 p=0.98 p=0.24 Repeated disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.06 -0.18 -0.26 -0.17 -0.63 -0.16 -0.36 [-0.35 0.23] [-0.37 0.00] [-0.62 0.09] [-0.33 -0.01] [-1.17 -0.09] [-0.32 0.01] [-0.73 0.00] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.04 -0.21 -0.54 -0.22 -0.31 -0.22 -0.30 [-0.33 0.24] [-0.43 0.02] [-0.84 -0.24] [-0.39 -0.05] [-0.77 0.15] [-0.39 -0.05] [-0.76 0.16] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster -0.01 -0.28 -0.29 -0.24 -0.24 -0.18 -0.67 [-0.39 0.36] [-0.53 -0.03] [-0.71 0.12] [-0.45 -0.03] [-0.67 0.19] [-0.36 0.01] [-1.15 -0.20] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster 0.06 -0.18 -0.36 -0.23 -0.23 -0.25 -0.11 [-0.37 0.50] [-0.50 0.14] [-0.92 0.19] [-0.48 0.03] [-0.89 0.42] [-0.51 0.01] [-0.63 0.40] Tests on effect difference p<0.01 p=0.39 p=0.14 (c) Economic determinants Employment Education Household income Employed Unemployed Bachelor degree or higher Diploma, Certificate, Year12 or below Lower (1st-2nd quintiles Medium (3rd quintile) Higher (4th-5th quintile) First disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.06 -0.08 -0.09 -0.06 -0.04 -0.16 -0.05 [-0.11 0.00] [-0.17 0.00] [-0.17 -0.01] [-0.12 -0.01] [-0.12 0.04] [-0.31 -0.01] [-0.12 0.03] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.04 -0.03 -0.13 -0.01 0.01 -0.12 -0.03 [-0.12 0.03] [-0.14 0.09] [-0.24 -0.02] [-0.08 0.06] [-0.10 0.11] [-0.28 0.05] [-0.14 0.07] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster -0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.04 -0.06 0.03 [-0.11 0.09] [-0.08 0.17] [-0.08 0.17] [-0.08 0.09] [-0.09 0.17] [-0.24 0.11] [-0.08 0.14] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster -0.03 0.06 -0.06 0.03 0.09 -0.06 -0.03 [-0.14 0.09] [-0.08 0.19] [-0.19 0.07] [-0.08 0.13] [-0.05 0.22] [-0.26 0.13] [-0.17 0.11] Tests on effect difference p=0.77 p=0.06 p=0.52 Repeated disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.22 -0.16 -0.21 -0.19 -0.18 -0.40 -0.07 [-0.42 -0.03] [-0.38 0.07] [-0.51 0.09] [-0.36 -0.02] [-0.47 0.10] [-0.67 -0.14] [-0.25 0.11] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.30 -0.15 -0.18 -0.24 -0.17 -0.38 -0.22 [-0.48 -0.12] [-0.42 0.13] [-0.52 0.17] [-0.41 -0.07] [-0.40 0.07] [-0.72 -0.05] [-0.45 0.00] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster -0.31 -0.16 -0.26 -0.19 -0.29 -0.31 -0.18 [-0.53 -0.08] [-0.43 0.11] [-0.59 0.08] [-0.41 0.02] [-0.57 -0.01] [-0.69 0.07] [-0.40 0.04] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster -0.38 -0.12 -0.05 -0.23 -0.09 -0.46 -0.23 [-0.70 -0.06] [-0.37 0.12] [-0.52 0.42] [-0.47 0.01] [-0.40 0.22] [-1.22 0.31] [-0.63 0.18] Tests on effect difference p=0.43 p=0.78 p=0.12 (d) Locational determinants Remoteness Gini coefficient (income inequality) Area socioeconomics Metropolitan Regional or remote Lower inequality Higher inequality Lowest (1st quintile) Lower (2nd quintile) Higher (3th-5th quintiles) First disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.05 -0.08 0.04 -0.08 -0.03 -0.01 -0.10 [-0.12 0.01] [-0.13 -0.02] [-0.10 0.18] [-0.12 -0.03] [-0.12 0.06] [-0.14 0.11] [-0.17 -0.04] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.03 -0.04 0.00 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 [-0.09 0.04] [-0.13 0.05] [-0.19 0.19] [-0.11 0.03] [-0.16 0.12] [-0.15 0.13] [-0.13 0.02] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.01 -0.03 0.03 [-0.07 0.13] [-0.11 0.10] [-0.15 0.28] [-0.08 0.10] [-0.16 0.18] [-0.18 0.13] [-0.08 0.13] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster 0.01 0.00 -0.03 0.01 -0.03 0.05 0.01 [-0.10 0.12] [-0.12 0.13] [-0.30 0.23] [-0.08 0.11] [-0.22 0.17] [-0.11 0.20] [-0.10 0.12] Tests on effect difference p=0.97 p=0.44 p=0.15 Repeated disaster Disaster year vs pre-disaster -0.23 -0.16 -0.40 -0.18 -0.26 -0.19 -0.15 [-0.44 -0.03] [-0.38 0.05] [-0.97 0.18] [-0.33 -0.02] [-0.56 0.03] [-0.41 0.03] [-0.40 0.10] Post year 1 vs pre-disaster -0.20 -0.28 -0.32 -0.22 -0.25 -0.42 -0.13 [-0.41 0.01] [-0.47 -0.08] [-0.92 0.28] [-0.39 -0.06] [-0.61 0.10] [-0.69 -0.15] [-0.37 0.11] Post year 2 vs pre-disaster -0.24 -0.25 -0.03 -0.27 -0.35 -0.18 -0.22 [-0.46 -0.02] [-0.51 0.00] [-0.56 0.51] [-0.46 -0.08] [-0.70 -0.00] [-0.51 0.14] [-0.49 0.06] Post year 3 vs pre-disaster -0.22 -0.24 -0.47 -0.19 -0.58 0.12 -0.21 [-0.52 0.09] [-0.53 0.05] [-1.18 0.24] [-0.42 0.04] [-0.93 -0.23] [-0.22 0.46] [-0.58 0.16] Tests on effect difference p=0.89 p=0.16 p=0.09 Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7763080","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":523699227,"identity":"12000b09-7530-49c9-ab48-65995cc559d3","order_by":0,"name":"Ang Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIie3RMQrCMBSA4VccXKpdK0i9whNXwatEBLNU6CSOglgX3RUvUW8Q6SriGDFDXTI5OCqomFbBRUNHh/xDaEg/XkoBTKZ/LcGHB2ANAQKmtiQHIcgaL4K5CbD2MHvKQ5zlZAckEDQ6jMbRGQU4RR/hGv4mrtgE6mKyF4l1uJ+jhMr0hNZMQ4D7RJFCL+Lt8GBjDMjVlJKG1N6EYkpuirQUse4agpwyRWKSEUinuD4WdFPq3AdGsFtfKLKforTdjQzi6vY38Tg9Judbs1bmVPLLQHjOpLM6nvqazwc7+xefbbqwby9+Kib6c5PJZDI9AV0yXSu0AHe3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-6432","institution":"The University of Melbourne","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":523699228,"identity":"a02afc5c-8a0e-43c7-b8a5-5d28bff8e625","order_by":1,"name":"Rebecca McNaught","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rebecca","middleName":"","lastName":"McNaught","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-02 02:10:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763080/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763080/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93094371,"identity":"7e8d2ed5-5ee0-45df-b9a4-bb889a1b1941","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-09 03:10:50","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":86498,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffects of cumulative climate-related disasters on social capital\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763080/v1/5747381a7ef44038d456f295.png"},{"id":93094756,"identity":"c02ef8d8-bf90-45ce-a20d-1e988e69328e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-09 03:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":84197,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffects of cumulative climate-related disasters on mental, social, and general health\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763080/v1/6f6873a231d822127bc4a527.png"},{"id":93094369,"identity":"8dd4f454-14be-45b7-af6d-af2ce45e36e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-09 03:10:50","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":116365,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRole of social capital in health and wellbeing outcomes across multiple disasters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: Low, medium, and high social capital were defined as values of bonding, bridging, and linking at 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Tests show statistically significant moderating roles of bonding social capital in mental, social, and general health.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763080/v1/d8e0245c00019da0f176b50c.png"},{"id":93156507,"identity":"2847b7d2-58ba-43b7-8f9f-1a64384455fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-09 15:38:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1575989,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763080/v1/78559543-d09b-46da-9e76-79750ce683f0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Effects of cumulative exposures to climate-related disasters on social capital","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eClimate change is increasing the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, and duration of natural hazards, such as extreme precipitation and heat, floods, cyclones, and wildfires \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. These changes to the nature of hazards are leading to sequential and compounding disaster events that create cascading and intersecting economic, environmental and social pressures on society \u003csup\u003e2,3\u003c/sup\u003e. Climate change and disaster literature to date hasn’t explored well the cumulative effects on society of successive events, often assessing climate risk linearly and one dimensionally rather than as interactions between events and types of climate hazards \u003csup\u003e4,5\u003c/sup\u003e. So-called ‘connected’ extreme events contain interacting social and physical dimensions that can magnify the total impact \u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe increasingly cumulative nature of climate-related disasters not only strains physical and economic systems but also poses a risk to social capital, as a source of resilience and as a marker of vulnerability, potentially reshaping how communities respond and recover. Positive social dimensions, such as community connection, social cohesion and mutual aid, have been highlighted as key attributes in assisting disaster affected communities respond to and recover from disasters \u003csup\u003e7-10\u003c/sup\u003e. Bordieu’s conceptualisation of social capital (in addition to economic and cultural capital), posits that a person’s level of social capital is determined by their access to social connections and the collective capital of the network upon which they draw upon \u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e. Network-related theories of social capital have been further categorised into bonding, bridging and linking capital \u003csup\u003e12-14\u003c/sup\u003e, referring to strong horizontal linkages between groups of people with similar bonds (e.g., family, cultural and friend ties), horizontal linkages between members of different groups (e.g., sporting clubs and religious organisations), and vertical linkages between groups with formal institutions (e.g., government agencies and politicians), respectively \u003csup\u003e14,15\u003c/sup\u003e. Within the context of growing climate risks, these social capital forms should be considered a key component of adaptive capacity \u003csup\u003e3,16\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the allure of maintaining and building social capital as a disaster risk reduction measure, existing critiques of social capital point to its unequal access both within and across groups in society, leading to the potential inequitable distribution of disaster impacts and resources \u003csup\u003e17-19\u003c/sup\u003e. The benefits of social capital can be unevenly distributed or inconsistently sustained \u003csup\u003e20-22\u003c/sup\u003e. Social capital research and policy can make broad statements about the importance of social capital without interrogating which groups can mobilise it in what ways. In essence, critiques of social capital reveal a ‘dark side’, with social capital enabling some at the expense of others \u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the risk of compounding climate events is increasingly recognised, the current understanding of the cumulative effects of being exposed to multiple disaster events \u003csup\u003e3-5\u003c/sup\u003e and its implications on social capital remain limited. Existing research is often restricted to a phase in the disaster management cycle or the effects of one event, including how social capital is accessed and used in its aftermath \u003csup\u003e21,23\u003c/sup\u003e. Studies that consider the implications of successive disasters in the context of social capital largely rely on qualitative studies that focus on single points in time, or reference compounding events primarily as contextual background \u003csup\u003e24-27\u003c/sup\u003e. Such research without longitudinal designs and systematic measures of repeated exposures lacks generalisability, causal interpretability, and the ability to quantify cumulative impacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn light of these substantive gaps, this study investigates the effects of repeated climate-related disasters on social capital, the implications of these repeated exposures for priority groups within society, and the resulting inequalities in the recovery of mental, social, and general health. Drawing upon the framing of bridging, bonding and linking capital to understand the impacts of compounding disasters on social capital in Australia, this study explores how different forms of social capital can be impacted and mobilised across multiple disaster events and considers the implications of these findings in a warming world.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eData\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData is drawn from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey from 2009 to 2019, a nationally representative, longitudinal study that uses a stratified multistage clustered sampling design and interviews more than 11,000 Australians annually about their demographic, economic, and social conditions \u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e. Over the study period, 2,003 (8.1%) of the 24,651 HILDA respondents reported experiencing a climate-related disaster that damaged or destroyed their home. Of these, 1,685 experienced one disaster, 251 experienced two, and 67 experienced three or more. The sample includes de-identified individuals with at least one year of pre-disaster status data available, resulting in a total of 1,519 individuals at baseline.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSocial capital\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 lists social capital measures, indicators, scale and data periods. In line with the typologies established in literature \u003csup\u003e13,14\u003c/sup\u003e, social capital is assessed through the measures of bonding, bridging, and linking capital, which describe close relationships among similar individuals within networks, loose ties spanning social groups between networks, and connections between regular citizens and those in power, respectively \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e. Based on previous literature and the availability of data \u003csup\u003e14,21,28\u003c/sup\u003e, bonding social capital is measured through ten questions about immediate social networks; bridging social capital is assessed based on responses to two questions on involvement in local organisations and events; and linking social capital is measured using connections with politicians and political parties. All questions are converted to a scale from 1 to 7 and averaged across items, with higher values indicating stronger social capital.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMental, social, and general health\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMental, social, and general health outcomes were assessed based on validated and widely used health screening and quality-of-life measures. Mental health was measured using a binary indicator to identify individuals at high risk of depressive symptoms, defined as Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) score lower than 76, based on previous psychiatric literature using various optimisation methods \u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a screening tool for non-specific psychological distress within the anxiety\u0026ndash;depression spectrum, was used as an alternative measure for robustness checking \u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e. Social health was assessed using the social functioning domain of the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) that measures the extent of interference with social activities due to physical health or emotional problems, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (higher values indicate better health outcomes) \u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e. General health was adopted from the SF-36 and used to measure personal physical health status, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (higher values indicate better health outcomes) \u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eExposure to disasters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExposure to climate-related disasters was assessed based on respondents\u0026apos; reports of whether a weather-related disaster (e.g., flood, bushfire, or cyclone) had damaged or destroyed their home in the past year. A time-varying running sum of exposures was constructed to capture the cumulative number of disasters and years following each event (e.g., pre-disaster, 1\u003csup\u003est\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003edisaster year, 1\u003csup\u003est\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003edisaster post year 1 to year 3, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e disaster year, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e disaster post year 1 to year 3, 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e disaster year, and 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e disaster post year 1 to year 3). The second and third disasters were considered repeated occurrences and were aggregated to ensure sufficient observations for analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUnexposed population\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eControl groups comprised of population unexposed to disasters during the study period were created as comparison. Each exposed cohort that experienced a disaster in a particular year was matched to a control cohort based on social vulnerabilities to climate-related disasters \u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e at the year before the disaster, including sex, age, education, remoteness (based on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia Plus defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics), area socioeconomic status (based on the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics), household structure, equivalised household income, employment status, long-term health condition, impairment or disability, housing tenure, dwelling type, and state or territory. Exposed and control cohorts were dynamically matched using one-to-five nearest neighbour matching with replacement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing a panel event study design to account for leads and lags of disaster exposures, linear regression models with multiple levels of fixed effects and multi-way adjustment of clustering standard errors were applied. Models controlled for exposure indicators and key social determinants of vulnerabilities to climate-related disasters, including sex (females or males), age (\u0026lt;30, 30-64, or \u0026ge;65), education (graduate/postgraduate, high school/advanced certificate, or year 11 or below), remoteness (metropolitan, regional, or remote), area socioeconomic status (quintiles of the IRSAD), household structure (couple without children, couple with children, lone parent, lone person, or others), employment (part-time, full-time, unemployed, or not in the labour force), housing tenure (outright owner, mortgaged owner, or renter), dwelling type (detached/semi-detached house or otherwise), (pre-disaster) chronic health condition, physical impairment, or disability (yes or no), along with fixed effects of local government areas and years. Clustered standard errors were adjusted at the local government area and individual levels. Among exposed populations, factors contributing to the heterogeneity in the impact of multiple disasters on social capital were examined through interactions between disaster exposure indicators and various demographic (sex, age, and chronic health condition/physical impairment/disability), housing (housing tenure, dwelling type, and displacement), economic (employment, education, and household income), and locational (area remoteness, area Gini coefficient (above or below 0.4), and area socioeconomic status) determinants. The role of social capital in overall health and wellbeing across multiple disasters was assessed through interactions between each form of social capital and disaster exposure indicators in the models of social, mental, and physical functioning outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDescriptive sample summary\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 presents the summary statistics of the unexposed and exposed populations at the year prior to the disaster. In line with existing evidence \u003csup\u003e3,32\u003c/sup\u003e, people exposed to climate-related disasters were more likely than unexposed populations at baseline to live in regional areas, reside in communities with lower socioeconomic status, and experience chronic health conditions, physical impairment, or disabilities, and poorer social, mental and physical health. Compoundedly, these social vulnerabilities were associated with a greater likelihood of repeated disaster exposure than a single exposure. Patterns also varied by housing tenure, with mortgaged owners more likely to experience repeated disasters while private renters more often faced a single disaster. Social capital dynamics likewise shifted with recurrence, with bonding social capital declining as disasters accumulated while bridging and linking social capital increased.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrajectories in social capital and associated health and wellbeing following repeated disasters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal trajectories of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital from before the first disaster to after consecutive disasters (Figure 1) reveal decreases in bonding social capital and increases in bridging and linking social capital at the disaster years as the number of disasters experienced grew. Specifically, bonding social capital declined during the initial exposure, followed by a recovery over time comparable to the general population; however, the decrease was more pronounced during repeated disasters, without a recovery trend. On the other hand, access to bridging and linking social capital showed a modest increase as disaster exposures recurred.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal trajectories of health and wellbeing outcomes associated with social capital spanning the period from before the initial disaster to following consecutive disasters (Figure 2) indicate that the patterns of mental health, social functioning, and general health are reflected in the experience of bonding social capital. Repeated disasters were associated with more severe and sustained declines in these health and wellbeing outcomes, consistent with trends in bonding social capital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEffects of consecutive climate-related disasters on social capital\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe estimated effects of cumulative exposure to climate-related disasters on bonding, bridging, and linking social capital are presented in Table 3, adjusting for an array of sociodemographic variables and fixed effects. Results for bonding social capital show a decrease of 0.07 points (95%CI: -0.11, -0.02) during the initial exposure, followed by a recovery. In the case of repeated disasters, the negative effect was greater than that of the initial exposure, at -0.20 points (95%CI: -0.36, -0.03) in the disaster year and persisted in the following years (post year 1: -0.23, 95%CI: -0.39, -0.07; post year 2: -0.24, 95%CI: -0.43, -0.05; post year 3: -0.22, 95%CI: -0.46; 0.01). Relative to the standard decision of 1, the effect sizes observed during the repeated disasters were considered small to medium \u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e. Results for bridging and linking social capital indicate a trend toward increases during years of recurring disasters (bridging: 0.36, 95%CI: -0.09, 0.80; linking: 0.29, 95%CI: -0.05, 0.64), although these effects were not statistically significant at the 5% level.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariation in the effects of climate-related disasters on social capital across determinants\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4 presents the effects of climate disasters on social capital according to its demographic (panel (a)), housing (panel (b)), economic (panel (c)), and locational (panel (d)) determinants (using bonding social capital as the outcome measure given its statistical significance). Greater losses in bonding social capital during repeated disasters were observed among females, young people, those with long-term conditions, impairment, or disabilities, renters, those living in flats, units or apartments, movers, employed individuals, those with middle incomes, and those of areas with lower socioeconomic advantage. Significance tests on group differences showed that younger populations (effect size ranging from -0.51 to -0.86), renters (effect size ranging from -0.26 to -0.54), and those in more socioeconomically disadvantaged areas (effect size ranging from -0.26 to -0.58) experienced greater declines in bonding social capital from repeated disasters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRole of social capital in health and wellbeing outcomes across multiple disasters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 3 illustrates the moderating role of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital on mental health (panel (a)), social functioning (panel (b)), and general health (panel (c)) across multiple disasters. Compared with higher social capital, low social capital in any form was associated with lower levels of, and more pronounced declines in, mental health, social functioning, and general health following disasters. Tests on the interaction terms indicate that changes in mental, social, and general health from pre to post disasters significantly varied by levels of bonding social capital (p\u0026lt;0.01 for mental health; p=0.07 for social functioning; p=0.08 for general health). Sensitivity analyses using MHI-5 and K10 generate similar results.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research explored whether and to what extent repeated exposures to climate-related disasters impacted the access and capacity of different types of social capital in Australia. Drawing upon longitudinal national data over a decade, the study disaggregated disasters into first and repeated exposures, classified social capital into bonding, bridging and linking types, identified determinants that explained gains and losses in social capital, and examined the role of different social capital forms in mental, social, and general health outcomes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults indicate that increased exposure to climate-related disasters has an erosive and cumulative impact on people’s access to bonding social capital. Although bonding social capital was found to largely recover after an initial disaster, repeated disasters led to greater and more sustained losses, indicating that in an era of increasing disaster risks, people are increasingly unlikely to be immune to the erosion of social ties within their immediate network. Previous research has identified the negative effect of single disaster events on social trust and social support \u003csup\u003e21,34,35\u003c/sup\u003e. Repeated drawing of disaster affected populations upon their close connections without reciprocity \u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e, displacements that disrupt social contacts and networks \u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003e, or community tensions arising from different experiences \u003csup\u003e37\u003c/sup\u003e may wear down community connectedness and reduce social capital over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFindings provide suggestive evidence of increases in bridging and linking social capital as the number of exposures to climate-related disasters accumulated. Disasters may require affected populations to seek aid across communities and from external organisations, forcing new forms of bridging capital to be built; they are also more likely to advocate for their needs with politicians which may in part also explain this finding relating to linking capital \u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDifferential impacts across populations were examined to determine risk factors for losses of social capital. First, across age groups, younger cohorts were found to have the worst social capital recovery from repeated disasters. This supports research conducted after disaster events which confirms the long-term social and mental health impacts on young people \u003csup\u003e3,39,40\u003c/sup\u003e. \u0026nbsp;This finding suggests the pressing need for the provision of youth specific supports post-disaster by disaster service organisations as generalised support can tend to target adults.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, renters were found to be more isolated and have greater losses in bonding social capital when exposed to repeated disasters, followed by mortgaged owners and outright owners. This was likely related to their high rates of residential displacement and mobility without being tied to an asset \u003csup\u003e32,41\u003c/sup\u003e, placing renters at greater risk of losing bonding social capital and community connectedness \u003csup\u003e21,42\u003c/sup\u003e as housing insecurity undermines the conditions needed to accumulate and mobilise such resources \u003csup\u003e43,44\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, there is some evidence that the impact on bonding social capital was also greater for those from areas with lower socioeconomic status. Previous studies have found that people with lower socio-economic status have fewer resources for mutual aid, social connection and reciprocity \u003csup\u003e18,45\u003c/sup\u003e, though some studies find that less resourced and less politically and economically connected communities were more likely to rely on and build upon social capital post-disaster \u003csup\u003e46\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportantly, deficiencies in any type of social capital were in general associated with reduced mental health (and increased risks of depressive symptoms), social functioning, and general health, and with more pronounced declines after disasters. In particular, mental, social, and general health post disasters was strongly shaped by the level of bonding social capital available. This has been found in the findings of previous studies following single events \u003csup\u003e17,47,48\u003c/sup\u003e, but these findings under multiple disaster scenarios have significant implications for a climate changed future where events are likely to compound \u003csup\u003e49\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncreasingly, social capital, social cohesion, and mutual aid are being studied to show promising prospects for co-management of disasters between emergency services and communities \u003csup\u003e50\u003c/sup\u003e, especially in the face of increasingly large-scale flood and wildfire disasters \u003csup\u003e51,52\u003c/sup\u003e. Reflecting the increase in social capital literature over time \u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e, there is also an increasing focus on social capital, social infrastructure, and social cohesion in disaster and climate policies \u003csup\u003e53\u003c/sup\u003e. The feature of social dimensions of risk and assets in state and national policy is an indication of its increasing value to practice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research, while alarming and indicating the limitations of social capital, does not necessarily negate the importance of building social capital in an era of compounding disaster events. Instead, it indicates the importance of moving beyond environmental change research and practice that focus solely on the context of preparing for or recovering from one event and that work off the assumption of a sustained and stable stock of social capital over time, and instead explores the occurrence, maintenance and building of social capital within a warming world, including particularly in regional disaster-prone hot spots. Communities of practice and research need to ask and answer what building and maintaining social capital may look like in the context of multiple exposures to disasters. Without this investigation, current efforts to build social capital and support recovery may be eroded and futile. Rather than extractive research that holds severely disaster affected communities up as ‘beetles in a glass jar’, engaged, longitudinal and embedded research that co-designs and tests social capital strategies is required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. First, climate-related disaster exposure was operationalised through housing damage from floods, wildfires or cyclones and lacked disaggregation by disaster type and severity. Different forms of climate-related disaster exposure may be linked to varying degrees of social capital erosion. Future research could incorporate these dimensions to allow for broader quantification of the social impact. Second, the measurement of linking social capital could be expanded to include additional indicators to more comprehensively characterise how resources and information are accessed from formal institutions such as government authorities, non-governmental organisations, and aid agencies. Third, while social capital on average was negatively affected by repeated disaster exposures, capacity for disaster response and social linkages might also improve over time in some settings \u003csup\u003e54\u003c/sup\u003e. Future studies could employ alternative modelling approaches to identify subgroups that experienced gains in social capital and the protective factors associated with these improvements.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study found that while bonding capital typically recovers after one disaster exposure, its decline was more severe and persistent during repeated disasters. This erosive effect was particularly pronounced among people who were younger, in rental housing, or from areas with lower socioeconomic conditions. Lower social capital in any form was associated with more pronounced increases in risks of depressive symptoms, declines in social functioning, and worsened general health following disaster exposures. These findings have significant implications as climate change manifests further, causing increased frequency of climatic disasters, which is likely to undermine social networks and connectedness. There is an urgent need for both research and practice to consider the implications of compounding disasters on social capital and understand how social capital can be built and maintained in the Anthropocene.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. 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Bonding, Bridging and Linking: How Social Capital Operated in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. \u003cem\u003eThe British Journal of Social Work\u003c/em\u003e 2009; \u003cstrong\u003e40\u003c/strong\u003e(6): 1777-93.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi A, Toll M, Martino E, Wiesel I, Botha F, Bentley R. Vulnerability and recovery: long-term mental and physical health trajectories following climate-related disasters. \u003cem\u003eSocial Science \u0026amp; Medicine\u003c/em\u003e 2023; \u003cstrong\u003e320\u003c/strong\u003e: 115681.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZahnow R, Wickes R, Taylor M, Corcoran J. Community social capital and individual functioning in the post‐disaster context. \u003cem\u003eDisasters\u003c/em\u003e 2019; \u003cstrong\u003e43\u003c/strong\u003e(2): 261-88.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCowlishaw S, O'Dwyer C, Bowd C, et al. Pandemic impacts and experiences after disaster in Australia: qualitative study of compound impacts following the Black Summer bushfires. \u003cem\u003eBJPsych open\u003c/em\u003e 2024; \u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e(2): e43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWebster S, Pittaway E, Gillies-Palmer Z, et al. Empowering Communities, Harnessing Local Knowledges: Self-Organising Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction-Findings Report (April 2024). 2024.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRenouf JS. The implications of climate change for emergency management: the example of Australia. \u003cem\u003eInternational journal of emergency management\u003c/em\u003e 2023; \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e(2): 144-71.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMcNaught R, Nalau J, Hales R, Pittaway E, Handmer J, Renouf J. Innovation and deadlock in governing disasters and climate change collaboratively-Lessons from the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. \u003cem\u003eInternational journal of disaster risk reduction\u003c/em\u003e 2024; \u003cstrong\u003e105\u003c/strong\u003e: 104366.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDCCEEW. National Climate Risk Assessment \u0026ndash; first pass assessment report. Canberra: Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, 2024.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMichael YL, Smiley KT, Clay L, Hirsch JA, Lovasi GS. Uneven Growth in Social Capital Organizations After Disasters by Pre-Disaster Conditions in the United States 2000-2014. \u003cem\u003eDisaster Med Public Health Prep\u003c/em\u003e 2022; \u003cstrong\u003e17\u003c/strong\u003e: e278.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Social capital measures\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"605\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial capital measures\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndicators\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYears available\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"10\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBonding social capital\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeople don\u0026rsquo;t come to visit me as often as I\u0026rsquo;d like\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI often need help from other people but can\u0026rsquo;t get it\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI seem to have a lot of friends\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t have anyone I can confide in\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI have no one to lean on in times of trouble\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThere is someone who can always cheer me up when I\u0026rsquo;m down\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI often feel very lonely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI enjoy the time I spend with the people who are important to me\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhen something\u0026rsquo;s on my mind, just talking with the people I know can make me feel better\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhen I need someone to help me out, I can usually find someone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBridging social capital\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEncourage others to get involved with a group that\u0026apos;s trying to make a difference in the community\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Never) to 6 (Very often)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010, 14, 18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttend events that bring people together such as fetes, shows, festivals or other community events\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Never) to 6 (Very often)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010, 14, 18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLinking social capital\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGet in touch with a local politician or councillor about issues that concern me\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Never) to 6 (Very often)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010, 14, 18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGet involved in activities for a union, political party, or group that is for or against something\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Never) to 6 (Very often)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010, 14, 18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: Bonding social capital, bridging social capital, and linking social capital were converted to a 1-7 scale with higher scores indicating higher social capital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Sample statistics at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"649\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.3942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnexposed population\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 31.0073%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExposed population\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.3942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal disasters experienced=0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.8978%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal disasters experienced=1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.1095%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal disasters experienced\u0026gt;1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.3942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en=4066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.8978%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en=1302\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.1095%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en=217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e671\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e631\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u0026lt;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e327\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge30-64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u0026gt;=65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e687\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMetro areas\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2537\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e682\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegional areas\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1452\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e587\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote areas\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea socioeconomics lowest quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e789\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea socioeconomics 2nd quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e797\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea socioeconomics 3rd quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e854\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea socioeconomics 4th quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e781\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea socioeconomics highest quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e846\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCouple without children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCouple with children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1862\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e534\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLone parent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLone person\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther household type\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income lowest quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income 2nd quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income 3rd quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e781\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income 4th quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e805\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income highest quintile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e858\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e280\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraduate/postgraduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e862\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh school/advanced certificate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear 11 or below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2619\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot in the labour force\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic health condition/impairment/disability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e972\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e404\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOutright owner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e569\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e216\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMortgaged owner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2440\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e680\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate renter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e317\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocial renter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther housing tenure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3806\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlat/unit/apartment/other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBonding social capital (mean, sd)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBridging social capital (mean, sd)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 34.9489%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLinking social capital (mean, sd)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.6204%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.9051%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.4088%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.7007%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.4599%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.3577%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Effects of multiple disasters on social capital\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"619\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBonding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBridging\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLinking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFirst disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRepeated disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 235px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: * p\u0026lt;0.10, ** p\u0026lt;0.05, *** p\u0026lt;0.01\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Variation in effects of climate-related disasters on bonding social capital across determinants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(a) Demographic determinants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"860\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 195px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003echronic conditions, impairment, or disabilities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30-64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFirst disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRepeated disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.27]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 185px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(b) Housing determinants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"860\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 283px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousing tenure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDwelling type\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisplacement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOutright owner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMortgaged owner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRenter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlat, unit, apartment, or other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStayed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoved\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFirst disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRepeated disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(c) Economic determinants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"907\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 293px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBachelor degree or higher\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiploma, Certificate, Year12 or below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower (1st-2nd quintiles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium (3rd quintile)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigher (4th-5th quintile)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFirst disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRepeated disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(d) Locational determinants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"832\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemoteness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGini coefficient (income inequality)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 283px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea socioeconomics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMetropolitan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegional or remote\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower inequality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigher inequality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLowest (1st quintile)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower (2nd quintile)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigher (3th-5th quintiles)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFirst disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRepeated disaster\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisaster year vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 1 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 2 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.00]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost year 3 vs pre-disaster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[-0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTests on effect difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763080/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763080/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Social capital is recognised as a key resource that supports disaster recovery. Yet, as climate change drives more frequent and overlapping disasters worldwide, our understanding of how consecutive or compounding events affect social capital – its access and capacity to aid community recovery – remains limited. This study investigated how multiple disasters affected social capital, what explained variations in these effects across communities, and their role in shaping mental, social, and general health over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e Using population-based longitudinal data from 2009 to 2019 in Australia, people who experienced home damage from at least one disaster (flood, bushfire, or cyclone) were tracked from pre-disaster to post-disaster years after the first and repeated disasters, in comparison to unexposed baselines. The effects of cumulative disaster exposures on different types of social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) were assessed using a panel event study design with linear models with multiway fixed effects and clustering. Trajectory heterogeneity was examined to identify factors contributing to losses and gains in social capital over time. The capacity of social capital to support mental, social, and general health across multiple disasters was determined.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Climate-related disasters negatively affected bonding social capital, which declined further with repeated disasters. The effect of repeated disasters was especially pronounced for the youth cohorts, renters, and areas with socioeconomic disadvantages. Post-disaster trajectories in mental, social, and general health were significantly shaped by access to bonding social capital. In contrast, there was evidence of a trend toward increased bridging and linking social capital in response to repeated exposures to climate-related disasters.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e Further increases in disaster exposure linked to climate change may undermine close social ties, eroding protective buffers of bonding social capital and limiting the ability of populations to draw upon mutual aid as a coping strategy. This underscores the need for interventions that sustain and strengthen social capital in the context of repeated disaster exposures.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effects of cumulative exposures to climate-related disasters on social capital","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-09 03:10:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763080/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"37627bdd-93ff-48fe-929e-b3dc9a62183f","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":55663033,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Climate-change impacts"},{"id":55663034,"name":"Humanities/Health humanities"},{"id":55663035,"name":"Social science/Sociology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-09T15:30:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-09 03:10:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7763080","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7763080","identity":"rs-7763080","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}