Multifactorial Analysis of Intraocular Pressure, Corneal and Macular Thickness: The Role of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Physical Characteristics in Men

(1) Background/Objectives: This study aims to address the research gap on the interplay between ocular and systemic parameters as well as hormones—particularly estrogen and progesterone—in men. (2) Methods: We measured intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and macular thickness (CMT) in nine healthy male volunteers. These measures along with blood glucose, blood pressure, and sex steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone) were measured twice for each subject. Linear regression was used to determine the individual effects of these measures as well as self-reported age, height, and weight. (3) Results: Height, weight, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and estrogen significantly predicted IOP and CMT. CCT models were more limited, with systolic blood pressure and estrogen as the most significant predictors. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that height, weight, blood pressure, and estrogen levels have the most substantial impact on ocular measurements. Ours appears to be the first study demonstrating estrogen’s effects on ocular structure or physiology in men, but future research with larger populations is needed to confirm these relationships and elucidate underlying mechanisms.