Numerical Study of Soret and Dufour Mechanisms in Mixed Convective Heat and Mass Transport of Hybrid Nanoparticle Suspensions in a Non- Newtonian Fluid

Numerical Study of Soret and Dufour Mechanisms in Mixed Convective Heat and Mass Transport of Hybrid Nanoparticle Suspensions in a Non- Newtonian Fluid | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Numerical Study of Soret and Dufour Mechanisms in Mixed Convective Heat and Mass Transport of Hybrid Nanoparticle Suspensions in a Non- Newtonian Fluid M. Nawaz, Beenish Shakir, Sayer Obaid Alharbi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8833460/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Soret and Dufour effects in heat and mass transport in magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional cross-fluid flow are examined in this article. The hybrid nanoparticles \(\:\:{Al}_{2}{O}_{3}\) , \(\:Ti{O}_{2}\) and \(\:Cu\) are considered to be dispersed in ethylene glycol to examine which of mono, di-, and tri-nanoparticles are the most effective in enhancing the thermal permal of the ethylene glycol. The stretching of the surface induces flow to be created. In the presence of thermal radiation and the Soret and Dufour effects, the equations for energy and concentration are modified. A cross fluid is thought to transmit electricity as it passes across a consistent magnetic field. The strong nonlinear ordinary differential systems are obtained by appropriate transformations. The application of bvp4c solves the mathematical models. Graphs are used to interpret and provide detailed illustrations of the effects of many parameters. For a range of values of the related parameters, calculations for the local Nusselt and the local Sherwood numbers and skin friction coefficients are shown and discussed. The Hall and ion slip currents are observed to increase the thickness of the momentum boundary layer. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that a drop in fluid velocity is implied by an increase in the Weissenberg parameter. Additionally, it is shown that the cross-rheological fluid's boundary layer region is shorter than that of Newtonian fluids. Electrical energy is transformed into internal heat via ohmic dissipation, which unnecessarily raises the fluid's temperature and lowers its effective heat transfer capacity. This extra thermal energy can reduce temperature gradients, thicken the thermal boundary layer, and reduce the efficiency of heat transmission in general. Therefore, it is advised to employ fluids with little to no Ohmic dissipation in order to ensure optimal heat transmission and enhanced thermal system performance. For a favorable Buoyancy force, fluid velocity increases, and temperature decreases. Temperature increases when the values of the Soret number ( \(\:Sr\) ) and Dufour number ( \(\:Df\) ) are increased. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Physical sciences/Physics Wall Heat flux the Sherwood number diffusion thermos-thermal diffusion effects Hall and ion-slip current thermal and mass transport enhancement MHD flow Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8833460","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":598176843,"identity":"07238a12-d00d-46f3-bd9f-e5397a9fc637","order_by":0,"name":"M. 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The hybrid nanoparticles\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\:{Al}_{2}{O}_{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:Ti{O}_{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:Cu\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e are considered to be dispersed in ethylene glycol to examine which of mono, di-, and tri-nanoparticles are the most effective in enhancing the thermal permal of the ethylene glycol. The stretching of the surface induces flow to be created. In the presence of thermal radiation and the Soret and Dufour effects, the equations for energy and concentration are modified. A cross fluid is thought to transmit electricity as it passes across a consistent magnetic field. The strong nonlinear ordinary differential systems are obtained by appropriate transformations. The application of bvp4c solves the mathematical models. Graphs are used to interpret and provide detailed illustrations of the effects of many parameters. For a range of values of the related parameters, calculations for the local Nusselt and the local Sherwood numbers and skin friction coefficients are shown and discussed. The Hall and ion slip currents are observed to increase the thickness of the momentum boundary layer. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that a drop in fluid velocity is implied by an increase in the Weissenberg parameter. Additionally, it is shown that the cross-rheological fluid's boundary layer region is shorter than that of Newtonian fluids. Electrical energy is transformed into internal heat via ohmic dissipation, which unnecessarily raises the fluid's temperature and lowers its effective heat transfer capacity. This extra thermal energy can reduce temperature gradients, thicken the thermal boundary layer, and reduce the efficiency of heat transmission in general. Therefore, it is advised to employ fluids with little to no Ohmic dissipation in order to ensure optimal heat transmission and enhanced thermal system performance. For a favorable Buoyancy force, fluid velocity increases, and temperature decreases. Temperature increases when the values of the Soret number (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:Sr\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) and Dufour number (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:Df\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) are increased.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Numerical Study of Soret and Dufour Mechanisms in Mixed Convective Heat and Mass Transport of Hybrid Nanoparticle Suspensions in a Non- Newtonian Fluid","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-03 17:15:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8833460/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cb03ad5a-9f99-4405-8aa8-6b08810a7252","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 3rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":63657366,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":63657367,"name":"Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing"},{"id":63657368,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology"},{"id":63657369,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-17T08:11:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-03 17:15:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8833460","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8833460","identity":"rs-8833460","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}