Mountain Xerophytic Vegetation of Zuvand (Azerbaijan).

Mountain Xerophytic Vegetation of Zuvand (Azerbaijan). | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mountain Xerophytic Vegetation of Zuvand (Azerbaijan). Elshad Gurbanov, Sanubar Aslanova This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5947343/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract It may be noted that freegan vegetation is widespread in the mountainous part of Zuvand (Diabare). The mountainous xerophytic and freegan vegetation of Zuvand extends from 1400-1500 meters above sea level to 2500 meters. On the basis of geobotanical studies, we have for the first time given a classification of mountain xerophytic vegetation of the region. The classification of the mountain xerophytic vegetation ecosystem of the corresponding highlands into 1 biotope, 1 type, 4 formation classes, 8 formations and 11 associations is disclosed. The species composition of other classification units (formations and associations) of mountain xerophytic vegetation monodominant xerophytic-shrubby phrygana, polydominant xerophytic-shrubby phrygana, grass-mulleaf-legume phrygana and various grass-legume-grass mountain xerophytic-shrubby phrygana formation classes and structure is interpreted consistently. Nowadays, the study of vegetation is of great importance in order to increase and improve the productivity of natural phytocenoses, the quality of fodder, the conservation of their genetic resources and landscapes, as well as the realization of the tasks of their protection on a scientific basis. Biogeography Botany Taxonomy type formation class phytocenosis formation dominant xerophyte association Figures Figure 1 Introduction Azerbaijan Republic has colorful vegetation depending on different types of soils located at different altitudes where very valuable and useful trees, shrubs and herbs can be found. One of the areas of the republic with rich vegetation is the mountainous part of Zuvand. During the research work one of the issues raised was the study of mountain xerophytic vegetation of mountainous parts of Yardimli, Lerik and Astara districts [Askarov 2005,2006,2008., Babaev et all. 2006., Gurbanov, 2007 ] The mountainous xerophytic vegetation of the mountainous part of Zuvand extends from 1400–1500 meters above sea level to 2500 meters. Grass meadows are close to marsh meadows in their origin and mix with each other under certain conditions of the terrain where they are distributed [Aliev 2002 , Aslanova 2019 , Gurbanov & Aslanova 2016 ]. Such groups are found in summer pastures in the upper mountain belt of Yardimli, Lerik (in the summer pasture of Dashbashi in Lerik district at the foot of Mount Kemurköy at an altitude of 2493 m, on the slopes between Shingedulan (2417 m) and Chairud (2088 m) and Astara district [Red Book 2023, Map 2004, ] Materials and methods Mountain xerophytic vegetation of the subalpine forest belt of the mountainous part of Diabar (Zuvand) district was selected as the object of study. While studying phytocenoses of mountain-meadow and brown mountain-forest soils of the subalpine forest belt of the mountainous part of Zuvand, various geobotanical studies were carried out. As a result of the research, which included literature data and ecological and geobotanical cartographic data of the region, it became clear that the mountain xerophytic vegetation of Talysh is found in the mountainous part of Lankaran and in Diabar (Zuvanda). Of great importance are the studies of A. A. Qrossheym, L. I. Prilipko, V. S. Hajiyev and others on the distribution of mountain xerophytes and frigan studied in the area in Zuvanda [Grossgeim 1940 , Prilipko 1970 , Aslanova, 2019 ]. Based on the above phytocenological scientific studies, as well as geobotanical studies conducted by us, a new classification scheme of mountain xerophytic vegetation of the region and systematics of taxa, life forms, "International Botanical Codes" were developed. Acquired, projective cover [Aliyev 2008], ecological groups, etc. were taken into account when defining and naming the plants occurring here, they were studied by different methods. Results of the study and discussion The study found that the mountain xerophytic plant ecosystem of Talysh and Diabar (Zuwanda) consists of 1 biotope, 1 type, 4 formation classes, 8 formations and 11 associations. ( Scheme ) The classification scheme shows that as a result of ecological-phytocenological studies, the mountain-xerophytic vegetation of the Talysh Plateau is divided into 4 formation classes. The mountain xerophytic vegetation is interpreted as monodominant xerophytic-shrubby frigana, polydominant xerophytic-shrubby frigana, grass-legume-diversity frigana and diverse grass-legume-grass mountain xerophytic frigana according to the formation classes, phytodiversity of species composition and structure of formations and associations. Classification scheme of mountain xerophytes/phrygans/vegetation 1. Class of monodominant xerophytic-shrubby friganes. A. Astracanthetum Formation is represented by the association Astracanthetum aurea . Vegetation of this formation, recorded on the plateau "Mannikh" № 2 on the territory of Lerik district, is found on soft-grass steppe soils. (Geobotanical description 1). Geobotanical description 1 Species composition and structure of Tragacanthetum formation. The territory of Lerik district (Zuvand) "Mannikh", Kolatar summer pasture. № Name of biomorphic species Ecological groups Abundance (points) Flooring and average height (in cm) Phenological phases 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bushes 1. Astracantha aurea (Willd.) Podlich. mesoxerophyte 3–4 III (15–30) Blm 2. Astracantha microcephala (Willd.) Podlich. xerophyte 1–2 II (40–60) Bean rpn 3. Grataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb. xerophyte 1 I (300–350) Fruit rpn 4. Rhamnus pallasi Fisch. et C.A.Mey. xerophyte 1 I (250–300) Veg 5. Juniperus oblonga M.B.. xerophyte 1 III (20–30) veg 6. Acantholimon hohenackeri Jaub. et Spach. xerophyte 1 III (10–20) blm Semi-bushes 7. Thymus trautvetteri Klok. et Shost. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–25) blm 8. Astracalus xiphidum Bunge. xerophyte 1–2 II (30–50) blm 9. Achillea vermicularia Trin. xerophyte 1 II (30–40) blm Shrubs 10. Astracantha teodoriana (Fed. et Rzazade) Czer. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–30) blm 11. Astracantha meyeri Boriss. xerophyte 2–3 III (10–15) blm 12. Astracalus hohenackeri Boiss. xerophyte 2 III (5–10) blm Semi-shrubs 13. Astracalus compactus Willd. xerophyte 1–2 III (25–30) blm 14. Stachus inflata Benth. xerophyte 1 II (30–50) blm Perennial herbs 15. Onobrychis altissima Grossh. mesophyte 1–2 II (70–90) blm 16. Astragalus podocarpus C.A.Mey mesoxerophyte 1–2 III (20–30) blm 17. Festuca rupicola Heuff. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–25) blm 18. Stipa holocericea Trin. ex Rupr. xerophyte 1 II (40–60) blm 19. Veronica serpillifolia L. xerophyte 1 III (30–45) blm 20. Salvia xanthocheila Boiss. ex Benth. mesophyte 1 III (25–30) veg 21. İris pseudocaucasica (Grossh.) Rodionenko. xerophyte 1 III (15–25) blm 22. Trifolium talyschensis (Chalilov.) Roskov. xerophyte 1 III (15–20) Bean rpn 23. Saturea spicigera (C.Koch.) xerophyte 1 III (10–15) veg 24. Gagea alexcencoana Miscz. xerophyte 1 III (5–10) Blm 25. Teucrium orientale L. xerophyte 1 III (4–8) blm Biennial herbs 26. Verbascum speciosum Schrad. xerophyte 1–2 II (35–50) blm 27. Scrophularia zuvandica Grossh. xerophyte 1–2 II (15–30) blm 28. Orobanche alsatica Kirschl. xerophyte 1–2 II (10–25) veg Annual herbs 29. Bromus squarrosus L. xerophyte 1–2 II (20–30) blm 30. Euphorbia hyrcana Grossh. xerophyte 1 II (35–50) blm 31. Avena persica Steud. xerophyte 1 III (10–25) blm The total project coverage is 40–80%. There are 31 species in the species composition of the suite; among them 6 species (19.3%) are shrubs, 3 species (9.7%) are semi-shrubs, 3 species (9.7%) are shrubs, 2 species (6.4%) are semi-shrubs, 11 species (35.5%) are perennial grasses, 3 species (9.7%) are biennial grasses and 3 species (9.7%) are annual grasses; according to the ecological analysis of the same amount of species composition, 28 species (90.4%) are xerophytes, 2 species (6.4%) are mesophytes and 1 species (3.2%) is a mesoxerophyte. In the areas of vegetation distribution in this formation, the top fertile soil layer is very weak and carbonate in granulometric composition. Astracantha aurea (Willd.) Podlich, the monodominant of the phytocenosis counts and abundance ranges from 3–4 points. On the 1st floor vegetation cover - Grataegus orientalis and Rhamnus pallasis with 1 point (average height 2.5-3.0 meters); On the II floor - Ast.microcephala , Ast. xiphidum , Achillea vermicularia , etc., and on the III floor - Ast. aurea , Juniperus oblonga, Acantholimon hohenackeri , etc. species occur. The coverage of the project is 50–70%. Thymus trautvetteri Klok et Spach is registered as a species. rarely occurring in the number of 1–2 points, so this species is an endemic plant specific to the flora of Azerbaijan. And also, Avena persica Steud, occurring here sporadically (with 1 score). a new range of the species for the region was determined. B. Acantholimonetum Formation This phytocenosis is distributed over a small area in the region compared to the previously mentioned Astracanthetum formosa. Acantholimonetum Formation is represented by the association Acantholimonetum hohenackeri . As explained in the scientific works and monographs of V.Ch. Hajiyev, E.M. Gurbanov and M.T. Jabbarov, during field studies of the corresponding vegetation cover (on the northern and western slopes) in the summer pasture No. 5 "Dash bashy" on the territory of Lerik district was registered. Acantholimonetum hohenackeri Jaub et Spach, considered as an edifier and monodominant of the formation, is believed to have an abundance of 2–3 points. Compared to the Astracanthetum Formation, the number of Acantholimonetum species is very low. This phytocenosis is widely distributed on soft-grass steppe mountain-meadow soils at an altitude of 1600–1800 m above sea level. Acantholimonetum hohenackeri is pillow-shaped, 1.5 meters in diameter, equally spaced and occurs on stony slopes. The phytocenosis includes 22 species of flowering plants, including 2 species (9.1%) of shrubs, 7 species (31.8%) of perennial grasses, 2 species (9.1%) of biennial grasses, and 11 species (50.0%) of annual grasses; of the same number of species, 16 species are xerophytes and 6 species (27.3%) are mesoxerophytes. Grass height is 10 to 30 cm; and overall project coverage ranges from 45 to 65%. 2. Formation class of polydominant xerophytic-shrubby friganes. This class of formations includes 3 formations: Grataegusetum-Astragalosum, Juniperuseta-Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum, and Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum. A. Hawthorn-bean (Grataegusetum-Astragalosum) formation The phytocenosis is represented by the association of eastern hawthorn-legume (Grataegusetum orientalis-Astragalosum ornithopodioides). The abundance of the dominant plant cover Ast ornithopodioides Lam was recorded at 2–3 points, and that of the subdominant hawthorn oriental ( G.orientalis Pall. ex Bieb.) at 2 points. This grouping is found on the plateau "Sors Chay" No. 8 in the territory of Lerik district (high slopes). Twenty-four plant species have been recorded in the species composition. The formation includes oriental hawthorn ( G.orientalis ) in the first layer, Ast ornithopodioides in the second layer, Festuca rupicola, Thymus trautvetteri, Stachus annua, Hypericum perforatum, Trifolium pratense , etc. in the third layer. The overall project coverage ranges from 40–60%. B. The Juniperusetum-Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum formation is relatively rare. This formation consists of the Juniperuseta pygmaea-Astracanthetum microcephala-Acantholimonosum hohenackeri association. Formation of phytocenosis was noted on summer pasture "Nagdi-yurdu" of Lerik district No. 3, as well as on exposed soft-grass mountain-grass steppe soils. (Geobotanical description 2) Geobotanical description 2. Species composition and structure of the Juniperuseta-Astracanthetum-Acantholimenosum formation. "Naghdiyurdu" summer pasture area, Lerik region. № Name of biomorphic species Ecological groups Abundance (points) Flooring and average height (in cm) Phenological phases 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bushes 1. Acantholimon hohenackeri Jaub. et Spach. xerophyte 3–4 III (15–30) blm. 2. Astracantha microcephala (Willd.) Podlich. xerophyte 2–3 II (30–50) veg. 3. Juniperus pygmaea C.Koch. xerophyte 2 I (80–120) blm. 4. Grataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb. xerophyte 1–2 I (150–200) Frt. Rpn Semi -bushes 5. Thymus trautvetteri Klok. et Sost. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–30) blm. 6. Achillea vermicularia Trin. xerophyte 1 II (35–45) blm. Perennial herbs 7. Festuca rupicola Heuff. xerophyte 1–2 II (30–40) blm. 8. Stipa capillata L. xerophyte 1 II (45–60) blm. 9. Anisantha riparia (Rehm.) Holub. xerophyte 1 III (20–30) blm. 10. Koeleria gracilis (L.) Pers. xerophyte 1 III (15–25) blm. 11. Bothroiochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. xerophyte 1 III (10–20) blm. 12. Phlomus pungens Willd. xerophyte 1 III (10–15) blm. 13. Helichrysum plicatum DC. xerophyte 1 III (5–10) blm. Biennial herbs 14. Tragopogon sosnowskyi Kuth. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–30) veg. 15. Elisathe noctiflora L. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–20) blm.. 16. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–15) veg 17. Sedum pilosum Bieb. xerophyte 1 II (35–40) blm. 18. Anthyllus lachnoflora Juz. mesoxerophyte 1 III (15–30) blm. 19. Sedum lencoranicum Grossh. mesoxerophyte 1 III (10–20) veg Annual herbs 20. Avena persica Steud. xerophyte 1–2 II (35–45) blm. Seed rpn 21. Rumex retuculatus Boiss. mezofit 1–2 II (30–40) blm. 22. Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski. xerophyte 1–2 III (20–30) blm. 23. Lolium persicum Boiss. et Kohen. xerophyte 1 II (35–45) blm. 24. Centaurea depressa Bieb. xerophyte 1 III (25–30) blm. 25. Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Hult. xerophyte 1 III (20–25) veg 26. Vicia lutea L. xerophyte 1 III (15–20) Bean rpn 27. Veronica cristagalii Stev. mesoxerophyte 1 III (10–15) blm 28. Asperula setosa Jaub. et Spach. xerophyte 1 III (5–10) veg The total project coverage is 40–70%. The vegetation species composition includes 28 species; of which 4 species (14.3%) are shrubs, 2 species (7.1%) are semi-shrubs, 7 species (25.0%) are perennial grasses, 6 species (21.5%) are biennial grasses and 9 species (32.1%)) are annual grasses. By ecological analysis of the same number of species, 24 species (85.7%) are xerophytes, 3 species (10.7%) mesoxerophytes and 1 species (3.6%) mesophyte. Acantolimon hohenackeri Jaub et Spach, dominant of the suite, abundance 3–4 points, subdominant Astracantha microcephala (Willd.) Podlich. abundance 2–3 points and Juniperus pygmaea C.Koch. abundance 2 points. Grataegus orientalis, Juniperus pygmaea in the 1st tier of the phytocenosis; Ast microcephala, Achillea vermicularia, Stipa capillata, Sedum pilosum , etc. are found on the 2nd floor; A. hohewackeri bush, Thymus trautvetteri, Anisantha riparia , etc. are found on the 3rd floor. The overall coverage of the project ranges from 40–70%. It is also important to note that, according to the studies of E. M. Gurbanov and M. T. Jabbarov, the mountain xerophytic vegetation of the region shows the distribution of the pseudomacca formation in the mid-mountain belt of Talysh. In this regard, in the field studies conducted by the authors, the species distributed in this phytocenosis are noted in the species composition of the Juniperusetum-Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum formation characterized above. C. Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum formation is represented by one association: Astracanthetum macrourus-Acantholimonosum hohenackeri. This formation is partially similar in species composition to the phytocenosis of xerophytic shrubby phrygana and consists almost exclusively of xerophytes. Vegetation is distributed on soft-grass mountain-meadow steppe soils, as mentioned in the previous formation. The abundance of the phytocenosis dominant Acantolimon hohenackeri Jaub.et Spach is estimated at 2–3 and the subdominant Ast.macrourus Fisch.et C.A.Mey at 2. Astracantha macrourus , considered an edifying species, is noted on the II floor of the suite, and Thymus trautvetteri, Achillea millefolium, Festuca rupicola, Potentilla supina , etc. are noted on the III floor. There are 27 plant species in the formation; of them 1 species (3.7%) are shrubs, 16 species (59.3%) are perennial grasses, 8 species (7.4%) are biennial grasses, 2 species (7.4%) are annual grasses. According to the ecological analysis, 11 species (40.4%) are xerophytes, 9 species (33.3%) are mesoxerophytes, and 7 species (26.0%) are mesophytes. The average height of the grass cover is 10–40 cm. The overall project coverage varies between 30–70%. 3. Class of cereal-legume xerophytic formations The class of formations was represented by 2 formations and 4 associations. The formations Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum and Festuceta-Onobrychisetum-Astracalosum were noted in this class of formations. A. Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum formation includes 2 associations: Festuceta rupicola-Achilletum vermicularis-Astracalosum podocarpus and Achilletum vermicularis-Astracalosum podocarpus. Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum formation was noted in summer pasture No. 9 "Ambuyany" of Lerik district (Geobotanical description 3) Geobotanical description 3. Species composition and structure of the Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum formation. "Ambuyani" summer pasture area, Lerik region № Name of biomorphic species Ecological groups Abundance (points) Flooring and average height (in cm) Phenological phases 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bushes 1. Astragalus microcephala (Willd.) Podlich. xerophyte 1–2 III (20–30) Blm 2. Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–20) bean rpn 3. Rosa canina L. xerophyte 1 II (40–70) Blm Semi-bushes 4. Achillea vermicularia Trin. xerophyte 2–3 II (30–50) Blm 5. Thymus trautvetteri Klok. et Shost. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–25) Blm Perennial herbs 6. Astragalus podocarpus C.A.Mey mesoxerophyte 3–4 II (30–40) Blm 7. Festuca rupicola Heuff. xerophyte 2 III (15–30) Blm 8. Stipa capillata L. xerophyte 1–2 II (40–70) Blm 9. Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst. xerophyte 1–2 II (30–40) Blm 10. Kolleria albori Domin. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–30) Blm 11. Bromus squarrosus L. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–20) Blm 12. Lolium perenne L. mesophyte 1 II (40–70) Blm 13. Dactylis glomerata L. mesoxerophyte 1 II (30–60) Blm 14. Achiellea millefolium xerophyte 1 II (30–50) Blm 15. Vicia truncatula Fisch. mesoxerophyte 1 III (20–30) bean rpn 16. Geranium tuberosum L. xerophyte 1 III (15–20) veg. 17. Coronilla hyrcana (Prilipko) Czer. mesophyte 1 III (10–15) Blm Biennial herbs 18. Onosma microcarpa Stev. ex DC. xerophyte 1–2 III (30–40) Veg 19. Anthyllis lachnophora Juz. mesoxerophyte 1 II (50–70) Blm 20. Potentilla supina L. mesoxerophyte 1 III (15–25) Veg Annual herbs 21. Centaurea depressa Bieb. xerophyte 1–2 II (50–60) Blm 22. Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–30) Blm 23. Bupleurum boissieri Posf. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–20) veg The total project coverage is 60–80%. It has been established that vegetation cover is formed in mountain-meadow steppe lands on strongly sloping slopes (on stony meadows) branching into valleys. The species composition of the formation includes 23 species, of which 3 species (13.1%) are shrubs, 2 species (8.7%) are semi-shrubs, 12 species (52.2%) are perennial grasses, 3 species (13.0%) are biennials. According to the ecological equation, of the same number of species, 16 species (69.5%) are xerophytes, 5 species (21.8%) are mesoxerophytes and 2 species (8.7%) are mesophytes. The dominant phytocenosis Astragalus podocarpus C.A.May has an abundance of 3–4, its subdominants Achillea vermicularia Trin 2–3 and Festuca rupicola Heuff 2. Rosa canina in the I floor of the suite; Stipa capillata , Lolium perenne, Anthyllis lachnophora, Achillea vermicularia, Phleum pheloides , etc. in the II floor; Astragalus microcephala, Onobrychis cornuta, Thymus trautvetteri, Geranium tuberosum , etc. are found in the III floor. The overall coverage of the project is 60–80%. It should also be noted that during the summer vegetation period, small ruminants readily eat such fodder plants as F. rupicola, Phleum phleoides and others. The productivity of the formation in terms of edible dry mass is 8.2 c/ha. B. The Festuceta-Onobrychisetum-Astracalosum Formation includes: Festuceta rupicola-Onobrychisetum cornuta-Astracantosum zuvanticus and Onobrychisetum cornuta-Astracalosum zuvantica associations. The abundance of the dominant Astracantha zuvantica Grossh is 3 points, the abundance of the subdominant Onobrychis cornuta L Desv is 2–3 points, Festuceta rupicola Heuff is 2 points. At the first stage of phytocenotic structure - Juniperus pygmaea ; At the second stage - F. rupicola, O. cornuta, Kolleria gracilis, Poa pratensis and others ; In stage III Ast.zuvantica, VIcia lutea, Sedum lenkoranicum and other plants are found. The species composition of this suite (both associations) mainly consists of 19 species; of these, 2 species (10.5%) are shrubs, 1 species (5.3%) semi-shrubs, 11 species (57.9%) perennial grasses, 3 species (15.8%) biennial grasses and 2 species (10.5%) annual grasses; by ecological analysis, of the same number of species, 10 species (52.6%) are characteristic of xerophytes, 5 species (26.35%) of mesophytes and 4 species (21.1%) of mesoxerophytes. In phytocenoses, total project coverage ranges from 40–60%. 4. Class of poly-grass-bean-grass mountain-xerophytic friganes. A. The Thymuseta-Vicaetum-Festucosum Formation is represented by two associations: Thymuseta trautvetteri-Vicaetum pannonica-Festucosum rupicola and Vicaetum pannonica-Festucosum rubra. The studied mountain-xerophytic phytocenosis is distributed on slopes of different exposition at an altitude of 1400–2200 m above sea level. The vegetation was noted on mountain-chestnut soils of summer pasture "Turkesoba" on the territory of Astara district (Geobotanical description 4). Geobotanical description 4 Species composition and structure of the Thymuseta-Vicaetum-Festucosum formation. "Turkesoba" summer pasture area, Astara region. № Name of biomorphic species Environmental groups Abundance (points) Flooring and average height (in cm) Phenological phases 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bushes 1. Juniperus pygmaea C.Koch. xerophyte 1–2 I (100–120) veg 2. Astracantha aurea (Willd.) Podlich. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–25) blm 3. Acanthalimon hohenackeri (Jaub. et Spach.) Boiss. xerophyte 1 III (10–30) blm Semi-shrubs 4. Thymus trautvetteri Klok. et Shost. xerophyte 2 III (15–30) blm 5. Achillea vermicularia Trin. xerophyte 1–2 II (35–40) blm Perennial herbs 6. Festuca rupicola Heuff. xerophyte 3–4 II (30–50) Blm 7. Koleria cristata (L.) Pers. xerophyte 1–2 II (30–40) Blm 8. Festuca pratensis Huds. mesophyte 1–2 II (30–35) Blm 9. Poa pratensis L. mesoxerophyte 1–2 III (20–30) Blm 10. Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst. xerophyte 1–2 III (15–25) Blm 11. Stipa holocericea Trin. et Rupr. xerophyte 1–2 III (20–30) Blm 12. Trifolium talyschensis (Chalilov) Roskov. xerophyte 1–2 III (10–25) bean rpn 13. Onobrychis transcaucasica Grossh. xerophyte 1 II (50–70) bean rpn 14. Lotus corniculatus L. mezofit 1 II (40–60) bean rpn 15. Teucrium orientale L. xerophyte 1 II (30–50) blm 16. Cirsium aduncum Fisch. et C.A.Mey xerophyte 1 II (30–40) blm 17. Phlomus orientalis Mill. mesoxerophyte 1 III (25–30) blm 18. Carex pallascens L. mesoxerophyte 1 III (15–25) veg 19. Galium rotundifolium L. mesophyte 1 III (10–15) veg 20. Plantago saxatilis Bieb. mesoxerophyte 1 III (5–10) blm. Biennial herbs 21. Verbascum songarium Schrienk. xerophyte 1–2 II (30–60) blm 22. Tragopogon dubius Scop. xerophyte 1 II (10–20) veg Annual herbs 23. Vicia pannonica Grantz. mesoxerophyte 2–3 II (30–50) Blm and bean rpn 24. Lolium persicum Boiss. et Hohen. xerophyte 1–2 III (20–30) blm. 25. Bromus brizaformis Fisch. et C.A.Mey xerophyte 1–2 III (15–20) blm. 26. Euphorbia hyrcana A.Crossh. xerophyte 1 III (10–15) blm. Total project coverage was 40–80%. The species composition of the suite includes 26 species; among them 3 species (11.5%) of shrubs, 2 species (7.7%) of semi-shrubs, 15 species (57.7%) of perennial grasses, 2 species (7.7%) of biennial grasses and 4 species (15.4%)) of annual grasses. According to the analysis of the composition of the same number of species by ecological groups, 18 species (62.2%) are xerophytes, 5 species (19.2%) are mesoxerophytes, and 3 species (11.6%) are mesophytes. The abundance of the dominant Festuca rupicola Heuff Formation is estimated at 3–4, the subdominants Vicia pannonica Grantz at 2–3 and Thymus trautvetteri Klok et Shost at 2. The overall project coverage ranges from 40–80%. Three species found in this phytocenosis - Thymus trautvetteri, Trifolium talyschensis and Euphorbia hyrcana - are endemic plants of Azerbaijan. Conclusion Thus, based on the analysis of species composition and phytocenotic structure of mountain xerophytic vegetation observed in the region, it can be concluded that mountain xerophytic and freegan phytocenoses, although close in biodiversity, form mixed senoses. The abundance of xerophytes recorded in the species composition of mountain-xerophytic vegetation groupings and their wider distribution in the vegetation ecosystem indicate the intensification of desertification process in shrub thickets, degradation of natural biocenoses in the area. Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors References Aliev AK (2002) Drum roll of excitement. Baku. Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. 175 p Aliev CA, Akparov ZI, Mamedov AT (2008) Biological diversity. Baku: Elm. 232 p Askarov AM Higher plants of Azerbaijan (Compendium of the flora of Azerbaijan, Baku: Elm, 2005 (I c., 248 p.), 2006 (II c., 248 p.), 2008 (III c., 244 p.) Aslanova S (2019) Flora and vegetation of the mountainous part of Lankaran. P 240. Baku Atamov VV (2002) Steppe vegetation of Azerbaijan. Elm, Baku, p 264 Babaev MP, Jafarova CM, Gasanov VK (2006) Modern classification of Azerbaijani lands. Baku, Elm,, p 358 Gadzhiev VC (2004) Ecosystem of alpine vegetation of Azerbaijan. Baku, 139 p Gadzhiev VD, Kulieva KG, Vagabov ZV (1979) Flora and vegetation of the Talysh highlands. Baku, Elm, p 150 Grossgeim AA (1940) Relics of Eastern Transcaucasia. Az. FAN USSR, Baku, p 42 Guidelines for indices (2004) conditional and color marking of typological classification units of natural fodder lands of the Azerbaijan Republic. Vatan, Baku, p 48 Gurbanov EM (2007) Flora and vegetation of the Antropatena province (within the limits of the Republic of Azerbaijan). Baku, 240 p Gurbanov E, Aslanova S (2016) Ecological-geobotanical map of the mountainous part of Lankaran. M.: 1:600000. Baku. State Committee for Land and Cartography of the Republic of Azerbaijan Prilipko LI (1970) Vegetation cover of Azerbaijan. Elm, Baku, p 170 Red Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2023) Rare and endangered species of plants and fungi). II edition Baku, East-West Publishing House,, – 676 p Republic of Azerbaijan (political and administrative map) (2004) M.: 1:600000. Baku. State Committee for Land and Cartography of the Republic of Azerbaijan Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5947343","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410194065,"identity":"ff7a467c-97c0-41a9-b7f0-905135809044","order_by":0,"name":"Elshad Gurbanov","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-3760","institution":"Baku State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Elshad","middleName":"","lastName":"Gurbanov","suffix":""},{"id":410194066,"identity":"476a880c-3514-4122-8eea-636cb8ee2700","order_by":1,"name":"Sanubar Aslanova","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5gYwxSb/gOHAhwqQAFQEN2CEKOBjSGB8OOMMSAsjkVrkGBKYjXnbkERwAf7+g42fCyoOy7MxHGCT4J1XG83fDtTyo2IbTi0SNxKbpWecOWzYxtjAJiG57XjujMOMDYw9Z27jtuYGY4M0b1saYxszA5uE4bZjuQ1ALcyMbbi1yJ8/2PwbqMW+jQ2oJXHOsdz5hLQYHEhsA9pik9jGw8BscLChJncDIS2GNxLbrHnO2CS3STA2Pmw4diB3I1DLQXx+kTt/+PBtngoJ2/kzmA8c/lNTlzvv/OGDD35U4PE+AoCj4zCYeYAY9TBQR4riUTAKRsEoGCEAADOEWyZp00K2AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-1454","institution":"Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sanubar","middleName":"","lastName":"Aslanova","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-02 20:32:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5947343/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5947343/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75394763,"identity":"fdc3aee7-b728-47d9-a7a5-c0c34ff5f5b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-04 06:22:03","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":63603,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered image in the Results of the study and discussion section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5947343/v1/34473d78b8f323bb581515af.png"},{"id":75395686,"identity":"60fc14d8-9fd6-4242-b93e-e4b81bf53db3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-04 06:38:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1446877,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5947343/v1/22b1210d-299b-45c0-ac9a-65e8ce712b9e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMountain Xerophytic Vegetation of Zuvand (Azerbaijan).\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAzerbaijan Republic has colorful vegetation depending on different types of soils located at different altitudes where very valuable and useful trees, shrubs and herbs can be found. One of the areas of the republic with rich vegetation is the mountainous part of Zuvand. During the research work one of the issues raised was the study of mountain xerophytic vegetation of mountainous parts of Yardimli, Lerik and Astara districts [Askarov 2005,2006,2008., Babaev et all. 2006., Gurbanov, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mountainous xerophytic vegetation of the mountainous part of Zuvand extends from 1400\u0026ndash;1500 meters above sea level to 2500 meters. Grass meadows are close to marsh meadows in their origin and mix with each other under certain conditions of the terrain where they are distributed [Aliev \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e, Aslanova \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e, Gurbanov \u0026amp; Aslanova \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e]. Such groups are found in summer pastures in the upper mountain belt of Yardimli, Lerik (in the summer pasture of Dashbashi in Lerik district at the foot of Mount Kemurk\u0026ouml;y at an altitude of 2493 m, on the slopes between Shingedulan (2417 m) and Chairud (2088 m) and Astara district [Red Book 2023, Map 2004, ]\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eMountain xerophytic vegetation of the subalpine forest belt of the mountainous part of Diabar (Zuvand) district was selected as the object of study. While studying phytocenoses of mountain-meadow and brown mountain-forest soils of the subalpine forest belt of the mountainous part of Zuvand, various geobotanical studies were carried out.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a result of the research, which included literature data and ecological and geobotanical cartographic data of the region, it became clear that the mountain xerophytic vegetation of Talysh is found in the mountainous part of Lankaran and in Diabar (Zuvanda).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf great importance are the studies of A. A. Qrossheym, L. I. Prilipko, V. S. Hajiyev and others on the distribution of mountain xerophytes and frigan studied in the area in Zuvanda [Grossgeim \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1940\u003c/span\u003e, Prilipko \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e, Aslanova, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the above phytocenological scientific studies, as well as geobotanical studies conducted by us, a new classification scheme of mountain xerophytic vegetation of the region and systematics of taxa, life forms, \"International Botanical Codes\" were developed. Acquired, projective cover [Aliyev 2008], ecological groups, etc. were taken into account when defining and naming the plants occurring here, they were studied by different methods.\u003c/p\u003e \n\n \n\n "},{"header":"Results of the study and discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study found that the mountain xerophytic plant ecosystem of Talysh and Diabar (Zuwanda) consists of 1 biotope, 1 type, 4 formation classes, 8 formations and 11 associations. (\u003cspan class=\"Underline\"\u003eScheme\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe classification scheme shows that as a result of ecological-phytocenological studies, the mountain-xerophytic vegetation of the Talysh Plateau is divided into 4 formation classes. The mountain xerophytic vegetation is interpreted as monodominant xerophytic-shrubby frigana, polydominant xerophytic-shrubby frigana, grass-legume-diversity frigana and diverse grass-legume-grass mountain xerophytic frigana according to the formation classes, phytodiversity of species composition and structure of formations and associations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eClassification scheme of mountain xerophytes/phrygans/vegetation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Class of monodominant xerophytic-shrubby friganes.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eAstracanthetum\u003c/em\u003e Formation is represented by the association \u003cem\u003eAstracanthetum aurea\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVegetation of this formation, recorded on the plateau \"Mannikh\" № 2 on the territory of Lerik district, is found on soft-grass steppe soils. (Geobotanical description 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeobotanical description 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecies composition and structure of Tragacanthetum formation. The territory of Lerik district (Zuvand) \"Mannikh\", Kolatar summer pasture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e№\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName of biomorphic species\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEcological groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbundance (points)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlooring and average height\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(in cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhenological phases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha aurea\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha microcephala\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (40\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGrataegus orientalis\u003c/em\u003e Pall. ex Bieb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI (300\u0026ndash;350)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFruit rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhamnus pallasi\u003c/em\u003e Fisch. et C.A.Mey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI (250\u0026ndash;300)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVeg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus oblonga\u003c/em\u003e M.B..\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcantholimon hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e Jaub. et Spach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eSemi-bushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri\u003c/em\u003e Klok. et Shost.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracalus xiphidum\u003c/em\u003e Bunge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea vermicularia\u003c/em\u003e Trin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eShrubs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha teodoriana\u003c/em\u003e (Fed. et Rzazade) Czer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha meyeri\u003c/em\u003e Boriss.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracalus hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e Boiss.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eSemi-shrubs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracalus compactus\u003c/em\u003e Willd.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (25\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStachus inflata\u003c/em\u003e Benth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003ePerennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOnobrychis altissima\u003c/em\u003e Grossh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (70\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstragalus podocarpus\u003c/em\u003e C.A.Mey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStipa holocericea\u003c/em\u003e Trin. ex Rupr.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (40\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVeronica serpillifolia\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (30\u0026ndash;45)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalvia xanthocheila\u003c/em\u003e Boiss. ex Benth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (25\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eİris pseudocaucasica\u003c/em\u003e (Grossh.) Rodionenko.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrifolium talyschensis\u003c/em\u003e (Chalilov.) Roskov.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSaturea spicigera\u003c/em\u003e (C.Koch.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGagea alexcencoana\u003c/em\u003e Miscz.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTeucrium orientale\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (4\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBiennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVerbascum speciosum\u003c/em\u003e Schrad.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScrophularia zuvandica\u003c/em\u003e Grossh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOrobanche alsatica\u003c/em\u003e Kirschl.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (10\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eAnnual herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBromus squarrosus\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEuphorbia hyrcana\u003c/em\u003e Grossh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvena persica\u003c/em\u003e Steud.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total project coverage is 40\u0026ndash;80%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are 31 species in the species composition of the suite; among them 6 species (19.3%) are shrubs, 3 species (9.7%) are semi-shrubs, 3 species (9.7%) are shrubs, 2 species (6.4%) are semi-shrubs, 11 species (35.5%) are perennial grasses, 3 species (9.7%) are biennial grasses and 3 species (9.7%) are annual grasses; according to the ecological analysis of the same amount of species composition, 28 species (90.4%) are xerophytes, 2 species (6.4%) are mesophytes and 1 species (3.2%) is a mesoxerophyte. In the areas of vegetation distribution in this formation, the top fertile soil layer is very weak and carbonate in granulometric composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha aurea\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich, the monodominant of the phytocenosis counts and abundance ranges from 3\u0026ndash;4 points.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the 1st floor vegetation cover - \u003cem\u003eGrataegus orientalis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eRhamnus pallasis\u003c/em\u003e with 1 point (average height 2.5-3.0 meters); On the II floor - \u003cem\u003eAst.microcephala\u003c/em\u003e, Ast.\u003cem\u003exiphidum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAchillea vermicularia\u003c/em\u003e, etc., and on the III floor - Ast.\u003cem\u003eaurea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eJuniperus oblonga, Acantholimon hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e, etc. species occur. The coverage of the project is 50\u0026ndash;70%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri\u003c/em\u003e Klok et Spach is registered as a species. rarely occurring in the number of 1\u0026ndash;2 points, so this species is an endemic plant specific to the flora of Azerbaijan. And also, \u003cem\u003eAvena persica\u003c/em\u003e Steud, occurring here sporadically (with 1 score). a new range of the species for the region was determined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB.\u003c/strong\u003e Acantholimonetum Formation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis phytocenosis is distributed over a small area in the region compared to the previously mentioned \u003cem\u003eAstracanthetum\u003c/em\u003e formosa.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcantholimonetum Formation is represented by the association \u003cem\u003eAcantholimonetum hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs explained in the scientific works and monographs of V.Ch. Hajiyev, E.M. Gurbanov and M.T. Jabbarov, during field studies of the corresponding vegetation cover (on the northern and western slopes) in the summer pasture No. 5 \"Dash bashy\" on the territory of Lerik district was registered. \u003cem\u003eAcantholimonetum hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e Jaub et Spach, considered as an edifier and monodominant of the formation, is believed to have an abundance of 2\u0026ndash;3 points. Compared to the Astracanthetum Formation, the number of \u003cem\u003eAcantholimonetum\u003c/em\u003e species is very low.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis phytocenosis is widely distributed on soft-grass steppe mountain-meadow soils at an altitude of 1600\u0026ndash;1800 m above sea level. \u003cem\u003eAcantholimonetum hohenackeri is\u003c/em\u003e pillow-shaped, 1.5 meters in diameter, equally spaced and occurs on stony slopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe phytocenosis includes 22 species of flowering plants, including 2 species (9.1%) of shrubs, 7 species (31.8%) of perennial grasses, 2 species (9.1%) of biennial grasses, and 11 species (50.0%) of annual grasses; of the same number of species, 16 species are xerophytes and 6 species (27.3%) are mesoxerophytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrass height is 10 to 30 cm; and overall project coverage ranges from 45 to 65%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Formation class of polydominant xerophytic-shrubby friganes.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis class of formations includes 3 formations: Grataegusetum-Astragalosum, Juniperuseta-Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum, and Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA. Hawthorn-bean (Grataegusetum-Astragalosum) formation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe phytocenosis is represented by the association of eastern hawthorn-legume (Grataegusetum orientalis-Astragalosum ornithopodioides).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe abundance of the dominant plant cover \u003cem\u003eAst ornithopodioides\u003c/em\u003e Lam was recorded at 2\u0026ndash;3 points, and that of the subdominant hawthorn oriental (\u003cem\u003eG.orientalis\u003c/em\u003e Pall. ex Bieb.) at 2 points. This grouping is found on the plateau \"Sors Chay\" No. 8 in the territory of Lerik district (high slopes).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwenty-four plant species have been recorded in the species composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe formation includes oriental \u003cem\u003ehawthorn\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eG.orientalis\u003c/em\u003e) in the first layer, \u003cem\u003eAst ornithopodioides in the\u003c/em\u003e second layer, \u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola, Thymus trautvetteri, Stachus annua, Hypericum perforatum, Trifolium pratense\u003c/em\u003e, etc. in the third layer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overall project coverage ranges from 40\u0026ndash;60%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB. The Juniperusetum-Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum formation is relatively rare.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis formation consists of the Juniperuseta pygmaea-Astracanthetum microcephala-Acantholimonosum hohenackeri association.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormation of phytocenosis was noted on summer pasture \"Nagdi-yurdu\" of Lerik district No. 3, as well as on exposed soft-grass mountain-grass steppe soils. (Geobotanical description 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeobotanical description 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecies composition and structure of the Juniperuseta-Astracanthetum-Acantholimenosum formation. \"Naghdiyurdu\" summer pasture area, Lerik region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e№\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName of biomorphic species\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEcological groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbundance (points)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlooring and average height\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(in cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhenological phases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcantholimon hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e Jaub. et Spach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha microcephala\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e C.Koch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI (80\u0026ndash;120)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGrataegus orientalis\u003c/em\u003e Pall. ex Bieb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI (150\u0026ndash;200)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrt. Rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eSemi -bushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri\u003c/em\u003e Klok. et Sost.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea vermicularia\u003c/em\u003e Trin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;45)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003ePerennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStipa capillata\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (45\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnisantha riparia\u003c/em\u003e (Rehm.) Holub.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKoeleria gracilis\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Pers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBothroiochloa ischaemum\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Keng.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhlomus pungens\u003c/em\u003e Willd.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHelichrysum plicatum\u003c/em\u003e DC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBiennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTragopogon sosnowskyi\u003c/em\u003e Kuth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eElisathe noctiflora\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm..\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStellaria media\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Vill.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSedum pilosum\u003c/em\u003e Bieb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnthyllus lachnoflora\u003c/em\u003e Juz.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSedum lencoranicum\u003c/em\u003e Grossh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eAnnual herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvena persica\u003c/em\u003e Steud.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;45)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm. Seed rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRumex retuculatus\u003c/em\u003e Boiss.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emezofit\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnisantha tectorum\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Nevski.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLolium persicum\u003c/em\u003e Boiss. et Kohen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;45)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCentaurea depressa\u003c/em\u003e Bieb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (25\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCichorium glandulosum\u003c/em\u003e Boiss et Hult.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia lutea\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVeronica cristagalii\u003c/em\u003e Stev.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAsperula setosa\u003c/em\u003e Jaub. et Spach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total project coverage is 40\u0026ndash;70%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vegetation species composition includes 28 species; of which 4 species (14.3%) are shrubs, 2 species (7.1%) are semi-shrubs, 7 species (25.0%) are perennial grasses, 6 species (21.5%) are biennial grasses and 9 species (32.1%)) are annual grasses. By ecological analysis of the same number of species, 24 species (85.7%) are xerophytes, 3 species (10.7%) mesoxerophytes and 1 species (3.6%) mesophyte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcantolimon hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e Jaub et Spach, dominant of the suite, abundance 3\u0026ndash;4 points, subdominant \u003cem\u003eAstracantha microcephala\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich. abundance 2\u0026ndash;3 points and \u003cem\u003eJuniperus pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e C.Koch. abundance 2 points.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGrataegus orientalis, Juniperus pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e in the 1st tier of the phytocenosis; \u003cem\u003eAst microcephala, Achillea vermicularia, Stipa capillata, Sedum pilosum\u003c/em\u003e, etc. are found on the 2nd floor; \u003cem\u003eA. hohewackeri bush, Thymus trautvetteri, Anisantha riparia\u003c/em\u003e, etc. are found on the 3rd floor. The overall coverage of the project ranges from 40\u0026ndash;70%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is also important to note that, according to the studies of E. M. Gurbanov and M. T. Jabbarov, the mountain xerophytic vegetation of the region shows the distribution of the pseudomacca formation in the mid-mountain belt of Talysh. In this regard, in the field studies conducted by the authors, the species distributed in this phytocenosis are noted in the species composition of the Juniperusetum-Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum formation characterized above.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC.\u003c/strong\u003e Astracanthetum-Acantholimonosum formation is represented by one association: Astracanthetum macrourus-Acantholimonosum hohenackeri.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis formation is partially similar in species composition to the phytocenosis of xerophytic shrubby phrygana and consists almost exclusively of xerophytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVegetation is distributed on soft-grass mountain-meadow steppe soils, as mentioned in the previous formation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe abundance of the phytocenosis dominant \u003cem\u003eAcantolimon hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e Jaub.et Spach is estimated at 2\u0026ndash;3 and the subdominant \u003cem\u003eAst.macrourus\u003c/em\u003e Fisch.et C.A.Mey at 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha macrourus\u003c/em\u003e, considered an edifying species, is noted on the II floor of the suite, and \u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri, Achillea millefolium, Festuca rupicola, Potentilla supina\u003c/em\u003e, etc. are noted on the III floor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are 27 plant species in the formation; of them 1 species (3.7%) are shrubs, 16 species (59.3%) are perennial grasses, 8 species (7.4%) are biennial grasses, 2 species (7.4%) are annual grasses. According to the ecological analysis, 11 species (40.4%) are xerophytes, 9 species (33.3%) are mesoxerophytes, and 7 species (26.0%) are mesophytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average height of the grass cover is 10\u0026ndash;40 cm. The overall project coverage varies between 30\u0026ndash;70%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Class of cereal-legume xerophytic formations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe class of formations was represented by 2 formations and 4 associations. The formations Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum and Festuceta-Onobrychisetum-Astracalosum were noted in this class of formations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA. Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum formation includes 2 associations: Festuceta rupicola-Achilletum vermicularis-Astracalosum podocarpus and Achilletum vermicularis-Astracalosum podocarpus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFestuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum formation was noted in summer pasture No. 9 \"Ambuyany\" of Lerik district (Geobotanical description 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeobotanical description 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecies composition and structure of the Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum formation. \"Ambuyani\" summer pasture area, Lerik region\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e№\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName of biomorphic species\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEcological groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbundance (points)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlooring and average height\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(in cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhenological phases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstragalus microcephala\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOnobrychis cornuta\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Desv.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ebean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosa canina\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (40\u0026ndash;70)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eSemi-bushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea vermicularia\u003c/em\u003e Trin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri\u003c/em\u003e Klok. et Shost.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003ePerennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstragalus podocarpus\u003c/em\u003e C.A.Mey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStipa capillata\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (40\u0026ndash;70)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhleum phleoides\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Karst.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKolleria albori Domin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBromus squarrosus L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLolium perenne L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (40\u0026ndash;70)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDactylis glomerata L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAchiellea millefolium\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVicia truncatula Fisch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ebean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeranium tuberosum L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoronilla hyrcana (Prilipko) Czer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBiennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnosma microcarpa Stev. ex DC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVeg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnthyllis lachnophora Juz.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (50\u0026ndash;70)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotentilla supina L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVeg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eAnnual herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCentaurea depressa Bieb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (50\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinaria chalepensis (L.) Mill.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBupleurum boissieri Posf.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total project coverage is 60\u0026ndash;80%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been established that vegetation cover is formed in mountain-meadow steppe lands on strongly sloping slopes (on stony meadows) branching into valleys.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe species composition of the formation includes 23 species, of which 3 species (13.1%) are shrubs, 2 species (8.7%) are semi-shrubs, 12 species (52.2%) are perennial grasses, 3 species (13.0%) are biennials. According to the ecological equation, of the same number of species, 16 species (69.5%) are xerophytes, 5 species (21.8%) are mesoxerophytes and 2 species (8.7%) are mesophytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dominant \u003cem\u003ephytocenosis Astragalus podocarpus\u003c/em\u003e C.A.May has an abundance of 3\u0026ndash;4, its subdominants \u003cem\u003eAchillea vermicularia\u003c/em\u003e Trin 2\u0026ndash;3 and \u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosa canina\u003c/em\u003e in the I floor of the suite; \u003cem\u003eStipa capillata\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eLolium perenne, Anthyllis lachnophora, Achillea vermicularia, Phleum pheloides\u003c/em\u003e, etc. in the II floor; \u003cem\u003eAstragalus microcephala, Onobrychis cornuta, Thymus trautvetteri, Geranium tuberosum\u003c/em\u003e, etc. are found in the III floor. The overall coverage of the project is 60\u0026ndash;80%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt should also be noted that during the summer vegetation period, small \u003cem\u003eruminants\u003c/em\u003e readily eat such fodder plants as \u003cem\u003eF. rupicola, Phleum phleoides and\u003c/em\u003e others. The productivity of the formation in terms of edible dry mass is 8.2 c/ha.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB. The Festuceta-Onobrychisetum-Astracalosum Formation includes: Festuceta rupicola-Onobrychisetum cornuta-Astracantosum zuvanticus and Onobrychisetum cornuta-Astracalosum zuvantica associations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe abundance of the dominant \u003cem\u003eAstracantha zuvantica\u003c/em\u003e Grossh is 3 points, the abundance of the subdominant \u003cem\u003eOnobrychis cornuta\u003c/em\u003e L Desv is 2\u0026ndash;3 points, \u003cem\u003eFestuceta rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff is 2 points.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the first stage of phytocenotic structure - \u003cem\u003eJuniperus pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e; At the second stage - \u003cem\u003eF. rupicola, O. cornuta, Kolleria gracilis, Poa pratensis and others\u003c/em\u003e; In stage III \u003cem\u003eAst.zuvantica, VIcia lutea, Sedum lenkoranicum\u003c/em\u003e and other plants are found.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe species composition of this suite (both associations) mainly consists of 19 species; of these, 2 species (10.5%) are shrubs, 1 species (5.3%) semi-shrubs, 11 species (57.9%) perennial grasses, 3 species (15.8%) biennial grasses and 2 species (10.5%) annual grasses; by ecological analysis, of the same number of species, 10 species (52.6%) are characteristic of xerophytes, 5 species (26.35%) of mesophytes and 4 species (21.1%) of mesoxerophytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn phytocenoses, total project coverage ranges from 40\u0026ndash;60%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Class of poly-grass-bean-grass mountain-xerophytic friganes.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA. The Thymuseta-Vicaetum-Festucosum Formation is represented by two associations: Thymuseta trautvetteri-Vicaetum pannonica-Festucosum rupicola and Vicaetum pannonica-Festucosum rubra.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe studied mountain-xerophytic phytocenosis is distributed on slopes of different exposition at an altitude of 1400\u0026ndash;2200 m above sea level. The vegetation was noted on mountain-chestnut soils of summer pasture \"Turkesoba\" on the territory of Astara district (Geobotanical description 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeobotanical description 4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecies composition and structure of the Thymuseta-Vicaetum-Festucosum formation. \"Turkesoba\" summer pasture area, Astara region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tabd\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e№\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName of biomorphic species\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbundance (points)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlooring and average height\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(in cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhenological phases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBushes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e C.Koch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI (100\u0026ndash;120)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstracantha aurea\u003c/em\u003e (Willd.) Podlich.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcanthalimon hohenackeri\u003c/em\u003e (Jaub. et Spach.) Boiss.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eSemi-shrubs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri\u003c/em\u003e Klok. et Shost.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea vermicularia\u003c/em\u003e Trin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (35\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003ePerennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKoleria cristata\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Pers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFestuca pratensis\u003c/em\u003e Huds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;35)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePoa pratensis\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhleum phleoides\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Karst.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStipa holocericea\u003c/em\u003e Trin. et Rupr.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrifolium talyschensis\u003c/em\u003e (Chalilov) Roskov.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ebean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOnobrychis transcaucasica\u003c/em\u003e Grossh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (50\u0026ndash;70)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ebean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLotus corniculatus\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emezofit\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (40\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ebean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTeucrium orientale\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCirsium aduncum\u003c/em\u003e Fisch. et C.A.Mey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhlomus orientalis\u003c/em\u003e Mill.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (25\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCarex pallascens\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGalium rotundifolium\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlantago saxatilis\u003c/em\u003e Bieb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eBiennial herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVerbascum songarium\u003c/em\u003e Schrienk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;60)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTragopogon dubius\u003c/em\u003e Scop.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (10\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eveg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eAnnual herbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia pannonica\u003c/em\u003e Grantz.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emesoxerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eII (30\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlm and bean rpn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLolium persicum\u003c/em\u003e Boiss. et Hohen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (20\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBromus brizaformis\u003c/em\u003e Fisch. et C.A.Mey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (15\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEuphorbia hyrcana\u003c/em\u003e A.Crossh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exerophyte\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII (10\u0026ndash;15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eblm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal project coverage was 40\u0026ndash;80%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe species composition of the suite includes 26 species; among them 3 species (11.5%) of shrubs, 2 species (7.7%) of semi-shrubs, 15 species (57.7%) of perennial grasses, 2 species (7.7%) of biennial grasses and 4 species (15.4%)) of annual grasses. According to the analysis of the composition of the same number of species by ecological groups, 18 species (62.2%) are xerophytes, 5 species (19.2%) are mesoxerophytes, and 3 species (11.6%) are mesophytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe abundance of the dominant \u003cem\u003eFestuca rupicola\u003c/em\u003e Heuff Formation is estimated at 3\u0026ndash;4, the subdominants \u003cem\u003eVicia pannonica\u003c/em\u003e Grantz at 2\u0026ndash;3 and \u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri\u003c/em\u003e Klok et Shost at 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overall project coverage ranges from 40\u0026ndash;80%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree species found in this phytocenosis - \u003cem\u003eThymus trautvetteri, Trifolium talyschensis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEuphorbia hyrcana\u003c/em\u003e - are endemic plants of Azerbaijan.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThus, based on the analysis of species composition and phytocenotic structure of mountain xerophytic vegetation observed in the region, it can be concluded that mountain xerophytic and freegan phytocenoses, although close in biodiversity, form mixed senoses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe abundance of xerophytes recorded in the species composition of mountain-xerophytic vegetation groupings and their wider distribution in the vegetation ecosystem indicate the intensification of desertification process in shrub thickets, degradation of natural biocenoses in the area.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAliev AK (2002) Drum roll of excitement. Baku. Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. 175 p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAliev CA, Akparov ZI, Mamedov AT (2008) Biological diversity. Baku: Elm. 232 p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAskarov AM Higher plants of Azerbaijan (Compendium of the flora of Azerbaijan, Baku: Elm, 2005 (I c., 248 p.), 2006 (II c., 248 p.), 2008 (III c., 244 p.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAslanova S (2019) Flora and vegetation of the mountainous part of Lankaran. P 240. Baku\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAtamov VV (2002) Steppe vegetation of Azerbaijan. Elm, Baku, p 264\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBabaev MP, Jafarova CM, Gasanov VK (2006) Modern classification of Azerbaijani lands. Baku, Elm,, p 358\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGadzhiev VC (2004) Ecosystem of alpine vegetation of Azerbaijan. Baku, 139 p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGadzhiev VD, Kulieva KG, Vagabov ZV (1979) Flora and vegetation of the Talysh highlands. Baku, Elm, p 150\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGrossgeim AA (1940) Relics of Eastern Transcaucasia. Az. FAN USSR, Baku, p 42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuidelines for indices (2004) conditional and color marking of typological classification units of natural fodder lands of the Azerbaijan Republic. Vatan, Baku, p 48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGurbanov EM (2007) Flora and vegetation of the Antropatena province (within the limits of the Republic of Azerbaijan). Baku, 240 p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGurbanov E, Aslanova S (2016) Ecological-geobotanical map of the mountainous part of Lankaran. M.: 1:600000. Baku. State Committee for Land and Cartography of the Republic of Azerbaijan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePrilipko LI (1970) Vegetation cover of Azerbaijan. Elm, Baku, p 170\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRed Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2023) Rare and endangered species of plants and fungi). II edition Baku, East-West Publishing House,, \u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;676 p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRepublic of Azerbaijan (political and administrative map) (2004) M.: 1:600000. Baku. State Committee for Land and Cartography of the Republic of Azerbaijan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"type, formation class, phytocenosis, formation, dominant, xerophyte, association","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5947343/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5947343/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIt may be noted that freegan vegetation is widespread in the mountainous part of Zuvand (Diabare). The mountainous xerophytic and freegan vegetation of Zuvand extends from 1400-1500 meters above sea level to 2500 meters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the basis of geobotanical studies, we have for the first time given a classification of mountain xerophytic vegetation of the region. The classification of the mountain xerophytic vegetation ecosystem of the corresponding highlands into 1 biotope, 1 type, 4 formation classes, 8 formations and 11 associations is disclosed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe species composition of other classification units (formations and associations) of mountain xerophytic vegetation monodominant xerophytic-shrubby phrygana, polydominant xerophytic-shrubby phrygana, grass-mulleaf-legume phrygana and various grass-legume-grass mountain xerophytic-shrubby phrygana formation classes and structure is interpreted consistently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNowadays, the study of vegetation is of great importance in order to increase and improve the productivity of natural phytocenoses, the quality of fodder, the conservation of their genetic resources and landscapes, as well as the realization of the tasks of their protection on a scientific basis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mountain Xerophytic Vegetation of Zuvand (Azerbaijan).","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-04 06:21:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5947343/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8fe69401-f50b-46bc-b47f-6977ccd24c12","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":43803900,"name":"Biogeography"},{"id":43803901,"name":"Botany"},{"id":43803902,"name":"Taxonomy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-17T07:23:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-04 06:21:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5947343","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5947343","identity":"rs-5947343","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}