A Retrospective Study on the Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management of Endometriosis

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It commonly affects women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, anatomical distribution, and management outcomes of patients with endometriosis. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital. Medical records of 90 women diagnosed with endometriosis were reviewed. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, disease sites, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most patients were aged 26–35 years (40%). Dysmenorrhea (75.6%) and chronic pelvic pain (67.8%) were the most common symptoms, followed by infertility (42.2%). Ultrasonography was performed in all patients (100%), while diagnostic laparoscopy and histopathological confirmation were obtained in 64.4% and 57.8% of cases, respectively. Ovarian endometrioma was the most frequent site of involvement (53.3%). Medical management alone and combined medical-surgical treatment were each used in 42.2% of patients. Symptomatic improvement was observed in 82.2% of cases, while recurrence occurred in 17.8%. Conclusion: Endometriosis predominantly affects women of reproductive age and commonly presents with painrelated symptoms. Early diagnosis and individualized management contribute to favorable outcomes, although recurrence remains a significant challenge.