Innovative peat-free organic substrate and fertilizer affects nutrient allocation in different organs of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings

Innovative peat-free organic substrate and fertilizer affects nutrient allocation in different organs of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Innovative peat-free organic substrate and fertilizer affects nutrient allocation in different organs of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings Odunayo James Rotowa, Stanisław Małek, Michał Jasik, Karolina Staszel-Szlachta This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4351612/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in New Forests → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study evaluates the effects of novel peat-free organic substrates and a novel liquid fertilizer on the biometric features and macronutrient allocation of Quercus robur and Fagus sylvatica seedlings with the view to compare biomass and nutrient allocation of plant organs in seedlings cultivated on peat substrates against those grown on novel peat-free substrates and fertilizer. The experimental setup involved four substrate variants, including the control (R20, R21, R22 and C). The novel substrates and fertilizer were designed and formulated by the University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland (UAK). Fertilization used in the state forest nurseries was represented as SR20, SR21, and SR22, while the novel fertilizer of UAK was represented as UR20, UR21, and UR22; meanwhile, SC and UC represented the control substrates (peat) in both cases, respectively. The experiment was laid in a 2x2x4 experimental design using five seedlings per treatment. Seedlings were assessed for height, collar diameter, and roots, shoots, and leaves biomass. The allocation patterns highlighted the variability of nutrient allocation within the plants, with more nutrients allocated to the root system. Interestingly, treatment UR22 yielded the highest mean root values, root biomass, and virtually all macroelement allocation. Overall, peat-free substrates with novel liquid fertilizer demonstrated competitive traits supporting seedling growth, with significant differences observed in the allocation of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Based on the study results, peat-free substrates with the recommended dosage of novel fertilizer improved seedlings' quality, enhancing the growth and nutrient allocation in different organs of tree seedlings. peat-free substrates liquid fertilizer forest tree seedlings sustainable cultivation Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1. Introduction The decline of natural resources, including forest, is one of the greatest environmental problems faced in Europe and on other continents. The nutrient cycle plays a vital role in the nourishment and proper development of trees (Cambi et al. 2015 ). The yearly nutrient take-up by young seedlings of forest trees in nurseries depends on the type of production. The nutrient demands of all tree species differ depending on the developmental phase and the stage of their vegetation cycle. Tree species can be described using several ecological prerequisites including nutrient and edaphic requirements that ought to be considered when choosing the circumstances for their development in the nursery. The proper development and high vitality of forest seedlings can be accomplished with an adequate amount and extent of nutrients adapted to the species' requirements (Muschler, 20l6). Mineral fertilizers are the main source of nutrients for seedlings growing in forest nurseries, affecting their physiological and morphological properties (Wani 2016). Appropriate mineral fertilization has been reported to enable better nourishment of seedlings, and the aggregated stores of nutrients promote better development, ability to adjust to ecological circumstances, and imperviousness to stress in difficult periods after planting (Loewe-Muñoz, 2024). Moreover, artificial substrates used in nurseries are prepared based on ingredients such as high peat, bark, sawdust, perlite, vermiculite, or sand, which are poor in mineral compounds and therefore require fertilization (Bosiacki 2009 ). Nowadays, pre-sowing mineral fertilizers and top dressing are mainly applied to soil and foliage during the growing season (Wesoły, 2009 ) In Poland, coniferous monocultures have been intensively restructured due to trees' declining health and quality. European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) is a temperate species found throughout central and Western Europe (Jaworski, 2019 ). Oaks ( Quercus spp., including Quercus robur L.) are a major tree genus in Polish forests, and comprise the majority of European temperate vegetation. Oak and beech forests play a significant role in the functioning of the biosphere. They produce and accumulate biomass, produce oxygen, regulate the composition of the atmosphere of the planet, and more (Romanov et al. 2022 ). Meanwhile, the decline and reduction of forests dominated by these species have been observed in Poland and across Europe. Because of their excellent wood quality, beech and oak are becoming more commercially desirable than several conifers because they are the preferred tree genus in any adaptation strategies to climate change for both ecological and economic reasons in Europe (Rotowa et al. 2023a ). Under the circumstances of global change, it has been established that shifts in tree species and their symbiotic associations impact biogeochemical processes (Crowley et al. 2016 ; Crowley and Lovett 2017 ; Yu, 2023). Hence, it is of paramount importance to intensify efforts to raise the health and sustainability of forest stands of these highly sought-after species, especially in this era of transition in Polish forests from pine to other species such as oak and beech. The distribution of dry matter among plant organs is one of the key variables influencing the survival, competitive ability, and productivity of individual plants. It is influenced by several factors, including the availability of minerals in the rhizosphere and the flow of nutrients to the roots (Chu et al. 2020 ; Pająk et al. 2022a ). Plant roots function as a main storage organ for macronutrients, particularly when the plant is preparing for dormancy or reduced metabolic activity. An enhanced root system has been reported to result in increased magnesium uptake by seedlings (especially those from lower substrate densities) resulting in a better proportion of dry-weight of above- to below-ground parts. Potassium was also reported to play an important role in loading the phloem and transporting carbohydrates in plants; its deficiency may increase the dry-weight and stem: root ratio (Pająk et al. 2022a ). There is no doubt that; the distribution of macronutrients among plant organs plays a critical role in regulating growth rates and is an essential ecological process related to the history of plant life (Tripathi et al. 2014 ). Earlier studies have predominantly focused on biomass allocation (Vicca et al. 2012 ; Poorter et al. 2012 ; Wei et al. 2013 ; Zhu et al. 2016 ; Pająk et al. 2022a ) or nutrient investment in leaves only (Reed et al. 2012 ; Richardson et al 2004 ; Hu etal. 2014 ). Aoyagi and Kitayama ( 2016 ) took a novel approach by examining how nitrogen and phosphorus investment in plant organs changes in Bornean rain forests to depletion of each element. Notably, Rotowa et al. ( 2023b ) reported the effects of peat-free organic substrate on the root systems of F. sylvatica and Q. robur . However, the specific allocation of nutrients between plant organs when grown on novel substrates has rarely been demonstrated. Peat is widely recognized as a foundational component within nursery substrates due to its exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties. Its outstanding water-retention capabilities and consistently high quality make it a favored medium for nurturing plants. However, the release of carbon from peat soils over time raises concerns about peat's environmental impact. Unlike forests, which sequester carbon, peatlands have the potential to release stored carbon into the atmosphere, significantly influencing the climate. With peatlands storing an estimated one-third of the world's soil carbon, surpassing the combined capacity of global forests, the swift transformation of peat into carbon dioxide upon application to plantations raises greenhouse gas levels, threatening vital ecosystems (Rotowa et al. 2023a ). Gruda ( 2012 ) highlights the yearly excavation of 20,000 cubic meters of peat in Europe, which further amplifies environmental degradation (van Beek, 2023). Considering the pressing global environmental challenges linked to peat's use in nursery substrates, it is imperative to preserve rather than destroy peatlands. The contemporary focus on sustainability and environmental consciousness emphasizes the need to develop a novel peat-free organic substrate using sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly materials as viable alternatives to peat. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of peat-free organic substrate and liquid fertilizer developed by the University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland on the allocation of macroelements in different parts (leaves, shoots, and roots) of Q . robur and F . sylvatica seedlings toward the end of nursery production, just before planting. The hypotheses put forward assumed that the novel substrate and fertilizer would improve the allocation of nutrients in different parts of individual seedlings, and that the uptake of macronutrients in both species raised on a novel substrate and liquid fertilizer would enhance the growth and vigor of these seedlings compared to those grown on a standard substrate (peat plus solid fertilizer). 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Substrate composition and formulation The properties of the organic peat-free substrate, granulometric composition of the substrate before sowing, and nutrient content of substrates before seed sowing and after seedling production are shown in Tables 1 – 4 . The composition of the peat substrates (S20, S21, S22) consisted predominantly of peat (93%) blended with perlite (7%), supplemented with dolomite (3 kg per m3 of substrate) to achieve a pH of 5.5. On the other hand, the peat-free substrates (R20, R21, R22) were formulated using a mixture of various components in varying percentage proportions (Table 1 ). In total, four substrates (R20, R21, R22, and peat) were utilized, each subjected to two fertilization variants. The first set received standard solid fertilization (SR20, SR21, and SR22 variants), while the second set was treated with a novel liquid fertilizer also developed by the University of Agriculture in Kraków (UR20, UR21, and UR22). The peat substrate served as the control in both fertilization scenarios, designated as SC and UC variants. In each experimental variant, seedlings of each species underwent cultivation in 75 Marbet V300 polystyrene containers. Each container comprised 53 cells with a volume of 275 cm 3 . Table 1 Properties of the organic peat free substrate Substrate Saw dust (%) Wood chips (%) Straw (%) Wood bark (%) Perlite (%) Core wood (%) Mixed silage (%) R20 73 10 - 10 4 2 1 R21 20 63 - 10 4 2 1 R22 50 - 10 33 4 2 1 Table 2 Mean and standard deviation values of properties of the organic substrate Substrate Water capacity (%) Average litre/ min Variation factor (%) Bulk density (g/cm3) Solid density (g/cm3) Air capacity (%) Porosity (%) R20 53.02 ± 2.42 0.595 ± 0.150 25.2 0.127 ± 0.009 1.56 ± 0.000 38.90 ± 2.90 91.85 ± 0.60 R21 45.39 ± 3.60 0.781 ± 0.114 14.6 0.103 ± 0.013 1.61 ± 0.000 48.14 ± 4.20 93.62 ± 0.83 R22 50.71 ± 2.11 0.594 ± 0.150 25.3 0.113 ± 0.009 1.62 ± 0.000 42.35 ± 2.61 93.04 ± 0.55 Control 71.44 ± 2.83 0.417 ± 0.145 34.9 0.091 ± 0.006 1.59 ± 0.000 22.89 ± 3.15 94.25 ± 0.39 Table 3 Mean and standard deviation values of granulometric composition of the substrate before sowing Substrate > 10mm 10 < 5mm 5 < 2mm 2 < 1mm 1 < 0,5mm 0,5 < 0,25mm 0,25 0,1mm R20 0.05 ± 0.10 3.77 ± 1.57 14.45 ± 5.90 30.53 ± 9.72 24.45 ± 2.24 17.72 ± 7.49 7.71 ± 4.16 1.69 ± 0.98 R21 0.00 ± 0.00 6.40 ± 1.37 25.44 ± 1.91 30.90 ± 1.11 19.11 ± 0.90 12.16 ± 0.31 5.12 ± 0.41 0.96 ± 0.11 R22 0.08 ± 0.13 3.03 ± 0.45 14.15 ± 2.36 33.36 ± 2.36 25.11 ± 1.07 17.02 ± 3.21 7.11 ± 1.72 1.48 ± 0.28 Control 0.00 ± 0.00 11.27 ± 0.37 25.08 ± 1.18 27.77 ± 1.05 16.20 ± 1.05 8.42 ± 0.56 3.81 ± 0.43 1.88 ± 0.21 Table 4 Nutrient content of substrates before seed sowing and after seedling production Substrate C % N% P% K% Ca% Mg% Na% Before sowing R 20 48.01 0.297 0.031 0.159 0.452 0.055 0.040 R 21 46.34 0.507 0.068 0.271 0.601 0.072 0.035 R 22 48.9 0.447 0.043 0.404 0.857 0.059 0.042 Control 45.85 0.709 0.015 0.058 1.307 0.585 0.068 After seedling production Beech UR20 44.148 0.434 0.030 0.066 0.677 0.055 0.016 UR21 42.518 0.5323 0.049 0.072 0.854 0.055 0.015 UR22 42.93 0.578 0.043 0.074 1.179 0.066 0.018 UC 39.784 0.651 0.019 0.071 1.543 0.525 0.072 SR20 42.167 0.596 0.093 0.129 0.721 0.068 0.018 SR21 39.978 0.996 0.134 0.161 0.985 0.087 0.020 SR22 42.167 0.756 0.110 0.156 1.463 0.086 0.023 SC 40.987 0.844 0.096 0.162 1.695 0.476 0.075 Oak UR20 44.703 0.383 0.028 0.563 0.594 0.065 0.015 UR21 44.969 0.418 0.032 0.597 0.627 0.042 0.015 UR22 45.422 0.493 0.032 0.650 0.966 0.060 0.015 UC 41.863 0.654 0.016 0.654 1.392 0.472 0.060 SR20 45.455 0.519 0.059 0.991 0.589 0.056 0.014 SR21 43.313 0.942 0.121 1.626 0.879 0.088 0.020 SR22 45.096 0.872 0.114 1.703 1.139 0.081 0.018 SC 41.425 0.805 0.076 1.798 1.424 0.441 0.069 S - State Forest fertilization (solid), U - University fertilization (liquid), R - novel substrates, C - controls substrate (peat-perlite). 2.2 Seed sowing and germination After filling the containers with the various substrates, seeds of beech and oak were sown manually (April 19–20, 2022). In order to improve the germination process, the seeds were scarified before sowing. Temperature was maintained at + 3 0 C and humidity at 31%. The seeds used in all substrate variants, were sourced from the same provenance with separate certificates of origin (MR/65848/21/PL for oak and MR/63313/20/PL for beech). Manual weeding was employed as the seed grows into seedlings. Following the procedure used in the container nursery, the seedlings were grown for five months. Osmocote fertilizer was applied once (during substrate preparation before sowing) at a total dose of 3 kg m-3 of each medium. Novel liquid fertilizer was applied in two distinct compositions as outlined in our former study (Rotowa et al. 2023b ) 2.3 Parameter assessment and nutrient analysis After the nursery's production cycle, a thorough examination of multiple seedlings was conducted. However, due to limitations stemming from the availability of seedling parts for laboratory testing, a specific selection process was employed by Rotowa et al. (2023). Five seedlings, characterized by standard vigor and biometric parameters, were carefully chosen from each of the eight treatment groups for data collection. This resulted in a total assessment of 80 seedlings for both species in the experiment. The selected containers were distributed diagonally across the experimental field. Data were collected on the biomass of the different parts of the plant organs. These parts (leaves, shoots, and roots) of the sampled seedlings were dried at 65°C for 48 h. After drying, the samples were ground and mineralized. From each part of the organ, 0.5g was placed into a flask for mineralization with an added mixture of acids. The mineralized samples were later filtered into a 50 ml flask and the concentration of elements was determined using the ICP-OES apparatus. The samples were analyzed for their nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon contents using a LECO CNS TruMac analyzer and phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents using a Thermo iCAP 6500 DUO ICP-OES spectrometer following mineralization in nitric and hydrochloric acids at a ratio of 3:1. The analyses were performed at the Laboratory of Forest Environment, Geochemistry, and Land Intended for Reclamation in the Department of Ecology and Silviculture and Faculty of Forestry at the University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland. Before chemical analyses, the root parameters were analyzed using WinRHIZO software in the Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology of the same department. 2.4 Statistical analysis The experiment was laid in a 2x2x4 experimental design, consisting of two species (beech and oak), two fertilizer types (solid and liquid), and four substrates in each treatment (R20, R21, R22, and control) using five seedlings per treatment. Data analysis was conducted using a multifaceted approach. In order to show the comparative performance between the treatments, the collected data (after verifying that it met the assumptions of ANOVA) were subjected to mean and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan Multiples Range Test (DMRT) was applied to locate where the significant difference occurs among the treatments at p < 0.05. PCA was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, identifying key variables that collectively explained the variance in the data. Correlation test was further carried out to quantify the strength of the linear relationship between the analysed variables. 3. Results 3.1 Comparative analysis of biomass in Q . robur and F . sylvatica The biomass results obtained for the assessed parameters of Q . robur and F . sylvatica across different substrate variants showed that the assessed dry mass of various parts (root, shoot, leaves) varied across the different substrates. The highest mean value of root biomass recorded was in SR21 and UR22 in oak and beech respectively, while the highest values of shoot and leaf biomass were recorded in SC. Seedlings biomass of both species indicated significant variability across treatments especially in the root system. (Fig. 1) Since biomass is a critical indicator of potential photosynthetic activity and overall plant health, variations in leaf biomass across treatments reveal that SC substrates optimize photosynthetic efficiency and growth. The distinct responses of oak and beech to the treatments stress the importance of fertilization in forestry seedlings and the restoration of forest ecological systems and management. The result further shows that there exist positive correlations between the below-ground and above-ground organs of the seedlings The relationship between root and shoot biomass indicates balanced growth, which is critical for healthy plant development, Similarly, the relationship between root and leaf biomass indicates efficient nutrient uptake, which is essential for healthy leaf development. In the shoot-leaf biomass correlation among treatments reflects resource allocation strategies influenced by substrate properties and fertilization methods (Fig. 2) Although the result showed large variation, significant differences observed on the SC substrate but not on others suggested that certain growth characteristics were more sensitive on SC than on others. This means that the novel substrates also affected the biomass of the seedlings toward the end of seedling production just before planting in the forest. 3.2 Allocation of nutrients in Q . robur and F . sylvatica as affected by substrate treatments The results in Tables 5 and 6 show the biomass and allocation of macroelement contents in different parts (root, shoot, leaf) of Q . robur and F . sylvatica seedlings, respectively. In the Q . robur seedlings, there was variation in the biomass and macroelement allocation across different treatments. Interestingly, the highest mean root values were recorded on treatment UR22, and this affected the nutrient content across the table, with the exception of phosphorus. On the SR treatments, higher values were recorded than on UR substrates for the shoots and leaves, but in most cases with no significant difference. The result of the ANOVA revealed that most elements showed no significant differences across treatments. However, in the shoots and leaves, significant differences existed among virtually all elements. This means that the novel substrate formulated by the University of Agriculture in Kraków expressed highly competitive traits that supported seedling growth, especially in the root system (Table 5 ). The results of the allocation of nutrient content in different parts of F . sylvatica seedlings showed that each treatment had a distinct effect on the biomass and nutrient allocation in the seedlings. Similarly to Q . robur , the F . sylvatica root biomass on treatment UR22 was higher compared to other treatments, suggesting that the UR22 substrates promoted root growth more effectively. The allocations of virtually all elements also varied with treatment, especially within the shoot and leaf. The ANOVA, however, gave a p-value of 0.000 for the macroelements, suggesting that the treatment and fertilization had a high significant effect on the allocation. This is likely due to the ability of different substrates to supply varying amounts of nutrients or to affect the uptake and transport mechanisms within the seedlings at p-values (0.05) (Table 6 ). The comparative analysis of the average allocation of various elements in photosynthetic (leaves) and non-photosynthetic (shoots and roots) organs of oak and beech seedlings established that the allocation of nutrients varied significantly within and between both species. These results could suggest that oak seedlings have a higher overall demand for or efficiency in absorbing macroelements, or that they allocate more resources to growth and development compared to beech seedlings, especially in roots, which play a key role in the adaptive process of crops just after planting. The response to different treatments also highlights the species-specific adaptations and needs for nutrients under varying environmental conditions. Oak generally showed a higher allocation of most macro elements in its roots compared to beech under the same substrate treatment. This suggested that the oak roots possessed a higher nutrient uptake and storage capacity than beech. The patterns were similar in the shoot part to those in the roots, with oak often having a higher allocation of the elements. However, the differences between the two species were less pronounced in the shoots compared to the roots. The photosynthetic parts also showed oak having a generally higher allocation of macroelements. This could indicate a higher demand for these elements in oak leaves, possibly because of the differences in leaf structure. Table 5 Allocation of macro elements content in different parts of Q . robur seedlings for each treatment Treatment Part C (g/kg) N P K S Ca Mg Roots (mg/kg) UR20 4.09 ± 0.69 bc 36.8 ± 7.10 a 6.00 ± 1.10 a 32.6 ± 5.40 abc 4.10 ± 0.60 a 33.10 ± 6.00 bc 10.80 ± 1.90 a UR21 5.48 ± 0.69 ab 48.3 ± 6.71 a 6.00 ± 0.50 a 36.4 ± 4.20 ab 5.10 ± 0.50 a 37.80 ± 5.20 ab 10.90 ± 1.40 a UR22 5.94 ± 0.603 a 50.7 ± 5.20 a 7.00 ± 0.80 a 42.6 ± 4.30 bc 6.20 ± 0.60 a 49.80 ± 4.50 a 13.50 ± 1.50 a UC 4.05 ± 0.44b c 42.8 ± 5.40 a 2.90 ± 0.30 a 26.2 ± 2.50 a 4.20 ± 0.60 a 22.00 ± 2.90 c 13.00 ± 1.30 a SR20 3.16 ± 0.36 c 36.0 ± 10.2 a 5.10 ± 1.30 a 22.1 ± 6.10 c 4.20 ± 1.40 a 29.80 ± 4.20 bc 8.40 ± 2.00 a SR21 4.15 ± 0.74b c 49.8 ± 6.70 a 8.20 ± 1.40 a 34.0 ± 5.50 abc 4.00 ± 0.70 a 31.30 ± 4.80 bc 9.70 ± 1.60 a SR22 3.46 ± 0.23 c 44.6 ± 7.20 a 7.20 ± 1.80 a 27.6 ± 4.20 bc 4.50 ± 0.50 a 25.70 ± 4.10 bc 9.40 ± 1.70 a SC 2.76 ± 0.38 c 51.7 ± 9.20 a 7.70 ± 0.70 a 25.8 ± 3.60 bc 4.70 ± 0.80 a 20.80 ± 3.00 c 11.10 ± 1.20 a Total 4.14 ± 0.24 45.1 ± 2.30 6.30 ± 0.40 30.9 ± 1.70 4.60 ± 0.20 31.30 ± 2.00 10.80 ± 0.50 p-value 0.002** 0.545ns 0.067ns 0.030* 0.221ns 0.001** 0.438ns Shoots UR20 0.85 ± 0.07 b 10.9 ± 0.80 b 1.20 ± 0.12 bcd 4.90 ± 0.60 bc 1.00 ± 0.10 b 17.70 ± 1.90 ab 3.00 ± 0.20 b UR21 0.77 ± 0.03 b 9.30 ± 0.80 b 1.00 ± 0.10 cd 4.30 ± 0.20 bc 0.90 ± 0.10 b 15.20 ± 1.50 bc 2.10 ± 0.10 b UR22 0.93 ± 0.07 b 10.6 ± 0.80 b 1.20 ± 0.20 bc 5.20 ± 0.50 bc 1.00 ± 0.60 b 18.40 ± 0.90 ab 2.60 ± 0.20 b UC 0.76 ± 0.02 b 10.3 ± 0.40 b 0.06 ± 0.00 d 3.40 ± 0.20c 0.90 ± 0.10 b 10.10 ± 1.00 c 3.30 ± 0.30 b SR20 0.94 ± 0.09 b 12.4 ± 1.10 b 1.40 ± 0.20 bc 4.90 ± 0.50 bc 1.30 ± 0.20 b 14.50 ± 1.80bc 2.50 ± 0.30 b SR21 0.86 ± 0.12 b 12.6 ± 1.70 b 1.30 ± 0.20 bc 5.00 ± 0.70 bc 1.20 ± 0.20 b 15.50 ± 1.80bc 2.70 ± 0.40 b SR22 0.96 ± 0.04 b 17.8 ± 3.40 b 1.60 ± 0.20 b 5.70 ± 1.0 b 1.60 ± 0.20 b 13.7 ± 1.30bc 2.20 ± 0.20 b SC 1.96 ± 0.26 a 34.1 ± 6.30 a 3.20 ± 0.40 a 11.9 ± 1.30 a 3.60 ± 0.60 a 22.2 ± 3.70a 7.40 ± 1.10 a Total 1.00 ± 0.07 14.8 ± 1.50 1.40 ± 0.10 5.70 ± 0.40 1.40 ± 0.02 15.90 ± 0.80 3.20 ± 0.30 p-value 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.007** 0.000** Leaves UR20 1.36 ± 0.02 ab 21.20 ± 3.60 b 1.70 ± 0.30 cd 9.2 ± 1.40 bcd 2.1 ± 0.20 bcd 58.8 ± 2.1 ab 8.40 ± 0.10 b UR21 0.84 ± 0.04 c 11.30 ± 1.30 b 0.70 ± 0.10 d 7.2 ± 0.30 d 1.2 ± 0.10 cd 33.8 ± 2.0 d 3.6 ± 0.20 d UR22 0.78 ± 0.01 c 19.40 ± 0.80 b 0.80 ± 0.10 d 8.3 ± 0.30 d 0.9 ± 0.10 bcd 33.8 ± 1.7 d 4.0 ± 0.20 d UC 0.82 ± 0.06 c 15.20 ± 0.60 b 0.50 ± 0.20 d 6.0 ± 0.50 cd 1.5 ± 0.10 d 28.1 ± 3.1 d 8.2 ± 0.90 b SR20 1.49 ± 0.11 ab 32.80 ± 2.90 b 4.90 ± 0.40 ab 19.1 ± 1.70 abc 3.80 ± 0.30 b 64.9 ± 6.4 a 7.5 ± 0.61 bc SR21 1.10 ± 0.09b c 26.80 ± 2.80 b 3.70 ± 0.60 bc 15.8 ± 2.30 abcd 3.20 ± 0.40 bc 40.1 ± 5.8 cd 5.8 ± 0.90 bcd SR22 1.26 ± 0.02b c 38.80 ± 3.70 b 4.70 ± 1.00 ab 19.8 ± 3.80 ab 3.50 ± 0.70 b 35.0 ± 3.7 d 5.2 ± 0.20 cd SC 1.7282 ± 0.33 a 74.10 ± 4.90 a 6.90 ± 2.30a 26.3 ± 8.50 a 6.30 ± 1.80 a 49.3 ± 7.5 bc 13.60 ± 2.20 a Total 2.10 ± 0.16 29.50 ± 2.10 3.60 ± 0.30 16.8 ± 2.20 3.00 ± 0.20 30.0 ± 15 7.00 ± 0.40 p-value 0.000** 0.001** 0.000** 0.000** 0.001** 0.007** 0.000** S - State Forest fertilization, U - University fertilization, R - novel substrates, C - controls substrate (peat-perlite). Figures with the same letter in the same column are not significantly different while Figures with different letter are significantly different at p = 0.05. Table 6 Allocation of macro elements content in different parts of F . sylvatica seedlings for each treatment Treatment Part C (g/kg) N P K S Ca Mg Roots (mg/kg) UR20 3.31 ± 0.27 ab 34.40 ± 2.50 a 3.50 ± 0.20 de 21.80 ± 1.50 bc 3.30 ± 0.30 a 30.80 ± 1.00 a 7.20 ± 0.40 a UR21 3.09 ± 0.23 ab 34.20 ± 2.90 a 6.10 ± 0.90 bc 23.50 ± 2.00 b 3.50 ± 0.50 a 35.00 ± 3.30 a 8.10 ± 0.60 a UR22 3.49 ± 0.25 a 40.60 ± 3.40 a 9.30 ± 1.00 ab 33.50 ± 2.70 a 4.20 ± 0.40 a 34.10 ± 2.60 a 9.30 ± 0.70 a UC 2.66 ± 0.28 abc 42.10 ± 3.90 a 2.10 ± 0.30 e 16.30 ± 1.50 c 3.10 ± 0.30 a 13.30 ± 2.00 b 7.40 ± 0.90 a SR20 3.25 ± 0.34 ab 38.80 ± 4.20 a 8.20 ± 0.80 abc 22.10 ± 2.30 bc 3.80 ± 0.30 a 35.80 ± 4.50 a 8.40 ± 0.90 a SR21 3.20 ± 0.44 ab 38.50 ± 5.50 a 9.80 ± 1.60 a 21.10 ± 3.20 bc 3.50 ± 0.40 a 39.50 ± 7.50 a 9.60 ± 1.70 a SR22 2.30 ± 0.36 bc 40.80 ± 8.10 a 6.60 ± 0.80 ab 20.30 ± 1.80 bc 3.10 ± 0.40 a 30.10 ± 1.90 a 8.40 ± 1.20 a SC 1.99 ± 0.39 c 38.00 ± 4.70 a 7.00 ± 0.80 abc 18.40 ± 3.10 bc 3.40 ± 0.40 a 12.00 ± 2.10 a 7.30 ± 0.90 a Total 2.91 ± 0.13 38.40 ± 1.60 6.60 ± 0.50 22.10 ± 1.10 3.50 ± 0.10 28.80 ± 1.90 8.20 ± 0.30 a p-value 0.024* 0.958ns 0.000** 0.001** 0.501ns 0.007** 0.505ns Shoots UR20 0.65 ± 0.02 b 12.30 ± 0.50 b 1.90 ± 0.20 c 5.60 ± 0.40 b 0.90 ± 0.10 b 11.90 ± 0.20 c 2.00 ± 0.10 b UR21 0.70 ± 0.02 b 12.60 ± 1.60 b 2.40 ± 0.30 bc 7.20 ± 1.20 b 1.00 ± 0.10 b 12.60 ± 1.60 c 2.00 ± 0.30 b UR22 0.73 ± 0.10 b 17.40 ± 2.90 b 1.90 ± 0.20 c 5.10 ± 1.00 b 1.10 ± 0.20 b 9.90 ± 1.00 c 2.80 ± 0.40 b UC 0.91 ± 0.15 b 22.50 ± 2.40 b 4.00 ± 0.40 b 8.60 ± 0.90 b 1.50 ± 0.20 b 22.10 ± 2.80 ab 3.20 ± 0.40 b SR20 1.31 ± 0.11 b 16.50 ± 1.60 b 2.50 ± 0.30 bc 5.80 ± 0.60 b 1.00 ± 0.80 b 16.80 ± 2.00 abc 2.20 ± 0.30 b SR21 0.82 ± 0.07 b 14.50 ± 1.20 b 2.40 ± 0.10 bc 6.00 ± 0.50 b 0.90 ± 0.10 b 15.20 ± 2.00 bc 2.10 ± 0.10 b SR22 0.88 ± 0.09 b 42.80 ± 11.30 a 6.70 ± 1.60 a 19.80 ± 5.40 a 3.00 ± 0.60 a 24.70 ± 6.40 a 6.90 ± 1.80 a SC 2.79 ± 0.85 a 7.40 ± 0.70 c 0.50 ± 0.10 d 4.30 ± 0.20 d 0.70 ± 0.10 c 24.70 ± 1.40 b 3.10 ± 0.50 b Total 1.10 ± 0.15 18.80 ± 2.10 2.80 ± 0.30 7.80 ± 1.00 1.30 ± 0.10 15.50 ± 1.20 2.90 ± 0.30 p-value 0.001** 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.004** 0.000** leave UR20 0.50 ± 0.01 c 6.50 ± 0.80 c 1.00 ± 0.10 d 5.90 ± 1.10 d 0.70 ± 0.10 bc 22.80 ± 3.30 b 2.50 ± 0.40 b UR21 0.49 ± 0.04 c 15.60 ± 0.80 c 0.60 ± 0.10 cd 4.20 ± 0.60 cd 1.30 ± 0.10 c 23.10 ± 2.00 b 4.30 ± 0.50 b UR22 0.44 ± 0.07 c 29.10 ± 5.50 b 4.20 ± 0.80 a 11.50 ± 2.30 b 2.10 ± 0.40 b 42.50 ± 10.80 ab 4.20 ± 1.00 b UC 0.71 ± 0.07 bc 20.10 ± 2.80 bc 2.70 ± 0.40 b 9.60 ± 0.90 bc 1.40 ± 0.10 bc 33.90 ± 44.90 ab 3.30 ± 0.60 b SR20 1.03 ± 0.18 ab 17.50 ± 2.20 bc 2.20 ± 0.30 bc 7.00 ± 0.90 cd 1.30 ± 0.20 bc 19.60 ± 3.50 b 2.00 ± 0.30 b SR21 0.72 ± 0.11 bc 54.50 ± 9.80 a 4.50 ± 0.90 a 15.20 ± 2.00 a 3.70 ± 0.70 a 43.70 ± 8.80 a 8.40 ± 1.90 a SR22 0.51 ± 0.07 c 34.40 ± 2.50 a 3.50 ± 0.20 de 21.80 ± 1.50 bc 3.30 ± 0.30 a 30.80 ± 1.00 a 7.20 ± 0.40 a SC 1.20 ± 0.22 a 34.20 ± 2.90 a 6.10 ± 0.90 bc 23.50 ± 2.00 b 3.50 ± 0.50 a 35.00 ± 3.30 a 8.10 ± 0.60 a Total 0.70 ± 0.06 19.80 ± 2.80 2.10 ± 0.30 7.80 ± 0.70 1.50 ± 0.20 29.40 ± 2.30 3.80 ± 0.40 p-value 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.021* 0.000** S - State Forest fertilization, U - University fertilization, R - novel substrates, C - controls substrate (peat-perlite) Figures with the same letter in the same column are not significantly different while Figures with different letter are significantly different at p = 0.05. 3.3. Correlation analysis of nutrient components The correlation analysis of nutrient components revealed a linear relationship among the assessed variables. The correlation coefficient between carbon and biomass shows a perfect positive relationship, meaning that biomass was highly related to the carbon and other element content of the samples, indicating that higher allocation of these elements was associated with higher biomass. Significant positive relationships were shown to also exist between nitrogen and other elements. This could imply that different treatments resulted in different patterns of nutrient allocation in seedlings of oak and beech. This trend suggests a strong positive relationship between the treatment applied and the allocation metric may continue beyond the nursery growth (Table 7 ). Table 7 correlation analysis of biometric root parameters C N P K S Ca Mg Oak N .649 ** P .727 ** .890 ** K .899 ** .857 ** .910 ** S .754 ** .959 ** .895 ** .905 ** Ca .339 ** .447 ** .436 ** .495 ** .518 ** Mg .791 ** .797 ** .735 ** .847 ** .843 ** .590 ** Biomass .914 ** .607 ** .700 ** .839 ** .687 ** .288 ** .729 ** Beech N .770 ** P .829 ** .753 ** K .925 ** .841 ** .873 ** S .862 ** .938 ** .831 ** .933 ** Ca .491 ** .608 ** .590 ** .579 ** .624 ** Mg .860 ** .913 ** .818 ** .908 ** .956 ** .669 ** Biomass .997 ** .783 ** .833 ** .932 ** .872 ** .489 ** .876 ** ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level 3.4 Result of principal component analysis of Q. robur , the F. sylvatica The results of the PCA showed the distribution of macroelement allocation in the root system of oak and beech seedlings under different fertilizer treatments. The influence of substrate was less significant, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. Here, the macroelement composition in the roots of both oak and beech seedlings appeared consistent across different substrates, with points clustered closely together. This implies that substrate variation had minimal impact on the macroelement profiles in the roots (Figs. 3 and 4). In contrast, the impact of UR and SR fertilizers was particularly noticeable, as shown by the diverging points in Fig. 5. This indicated a significant effect of fertilization on nutrient content for both species, with the points being spatially separated. The variation observed in these graphs suggests that the primary factor influencing growth is the type of fertilizer treatment rather than the substrate treatment. 4. Discussion The results of this study provide valuable information on how different substrate treatments affect the growth (biomass) and nutrient allocation (macroelements) in and within oak and beech seedlings after production in the nursery (just before establishing them as a crop). The results showed significant variation in nutrient content across treatments, especially for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are the most crucial nutrients required for the proper formation of root systems in seedlings. The dry mass and nutrient content analysis of different parts of the oak and beech seedlings under study suggest that the novel substrate mediums and fertilizers effectively promote root system development. In essence, the aboveground characteristics of the seedlings cultivated on the peat-free substrate, coupled with the liquid fertilizer developed by the University of Agriculture in Kraków, were in every respect close to those of the seedlings grown on the state forest substrate comprising peat and solid fertilizer (Rotowa et al. 2023b ) The novel substrate and fertilizers showed superior nutrient allocation in the belowground evaluation of the seedlings (Tables 5 and 6 ). The allocation pattern of major macronutrients with higher levels in the root could be attributed to the fact that the seedling samples were collected from the nursery at the end of the growing season. Rotowa et al . (2023), in a study carried out on the root systems of the same seedlings, reported treatment UR20 to be best in root morphology and characterization. In this study, however, the treatment UR22 showed the best performance in nutrient allocation in the roots of both species' seedlings. This therefore implies that peat-free substrates with the recommended dosage of fertilizer (Pająk, 2022) could be a viable alternative to traditional peat-based media, offering a more sustainable approach to seedling cultivation in forest nurseries. The different substrates exhibited significant effects on the biomass characteristics of seedlings, especially in oak. This agrees with other studies that have highlighted the influence of compacted peat substrate on nutrient contents. For example, Pająk et al. (2022) reported higher macronutrient allocation in root of European beech seedlings grown on differently compacted peat substrates in a container nursery, and Rotowa et al . (2023) reported the influence of various substrates and fertilizers on the root systems of oak and beech. In addition, Banach et al. ( 2013 ) experiment conducted on F . sylvatica and Abies alba seedlings in a sawdust–peat substrate, finding that well-aerated substrates are essential for good growth in beech seedlings, affirmed our results. Additionally, Freschet et al. ( 2015 ) reported that nutrient allocation additionally relied on the quality of the medium on which they were grown. Although the allocation of C, N and P in the studied species recorded higher values than those reported by Aoyagi and Kitayama ( 2016 ) However, comparison of nutrient allocation in the studied organs agrees with the optimal values reported by Wei et al. 2013 ; Pająk et al. 2022a &b; Marušić et al 2023 . This showed that the allocation of nutrient fell within the optimal range. Furthermore, exceptions were observed for phosphorus in the UC treatment of oak, which fell below the lower threshold. Phosphorus and potassium remained at the lower limit to nitrogen, while magnesium in the SR treatments was recorded at its lower limit in oak. Although the studied samples were collected towards the ending of the growing season, However, This situation of observed decrease in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium agrees with the study of Hidaka and Kitayama ( 2011 ) in tropical tree species, indicating a withdrawal into the stem and root, while the calcium content increased, especially towards the end of the growing season, as observed in this study. Calcium serves a structural role in the cell wall of plant organs and is immobile in leaves. Earlier studies (Peuke and Rennenberg 2011 ; Loewe-Muñoz et al. 2024 ) established a high requirement for calcium and a very high requirement for potassium. Beech seedlings have been reported to grow better in substrates rich in calcium, magnesium, and potassium (Pająk et al. 2022b ). Moreover, Balcar et al. ( 2011 ) used dolomite (containing calcium and magnesium) to fertilize beech trees in plantations, and reported a positive effect on their survival and growth. Variety in nutrient allocation was not just found to exist between the tree species, but also within different organs of each species. This concurs with various investigations on European beech and pedunculate oak (Poorter et al 2012 ; André 2010, Pretzsch 2014, Husmann et al 2018 ). Unlike beech, oak displayed essentially higher nutritional accumulation in the roots, shoots, and leaves. This study also re-established that nutrient allocation is generally higher in below ground organ than those that are above ground and this applied to the two species. Prominently, nutrient response efficiencies varied significantly among the studied species, with treatment on R22 of novel substrate and UAK fertilizer formulation accumulating more nutrients in the root. This corroborates previous studies (Freschet et al. 2015 ; Husmann et al. 2018 ; Klimešová, et al 2018 , Rumpf et al. 2011 ; Meiwes et al. 2012 ; Pająk et al. 2022b ; Rotowa et al. 2023b ) that focused solely on the nutrient content of aboveground and belowground biomass. Plant roots serve as a primary storage organ for macronutrients, especially during periods when the plant is preparing for dormancy or reduced metabolic activity, as was the case for the sampled seedlings. After the developing season in the nursery, the transportation of nutrients to the roots for storage was focused on to guarantee that these nutrients were reserved for the next growing season (in the forest). This mobility and reallocation of these nutrients could be said to have brought about more nutrient allocation in the underground growth, as seen in this study. Also, the allocation of nutrient into plant-stable organs was seen to be quicker in oak than in beech, and this could justify why more supplements were assigned to the underground root growth of oak than to that of beech. The distribution of plant biomass has been identified as a crucial factor that aids allocation of nutrients in plant organs (Rumpf 2011; Meiwes, 2012; Freschet et al., 2015 ; Husmann et al., 2018 , Klimešová 2018; Yue, 2021). The importance of nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning between plant organs as a critical factor in regulating growth rate has been highlighted in previous studies (Laliberté et al 2012 ; Minden and Kleyer, 2014 , Tang et al., 2018 , Malhotra et al. 2018 ; Zhang et al. 2018 , Yang et al. 2021 ) The results of this study show contrasting trends in nutrient allocation between nitrogen and phosphorus as both were influenced from negative side of distribution to positive as a result of the effect of fertilization. A similar divergence in nutrient availability was observed by Aoyagi and Kitayama ( 2016 ) in their investigation of nutrient allocation between plant organs in Bornean rainforests. The differences in nitrogen and phosphorus allocation among organs may be closely related to the different requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus in the construction of structural biomolecules. In contrast to the findings of Zhao et al ( 2020 ) that nutrient allocation among organs of tree species is intimately related to it demand, the application of this novel fertilizer, as depicted in Fig. 5, appears to be markedly different. It is important to note that although the role of shoot phosphorus is less well established, the shoot could potentially act as a storage organ, as previously suggested by Sardans and Peñuelas ( 2015 ). The storage of carbon and nutrients in long-lived organs, such as shoots and roots, is considered essential to compensate for biomass losses due to fallen leaves and branches (Aoyagi and Kitayama, 2016 ), or to natural enemies (Fricke et al. 2014 , Comita and stump, 2020 ) 5. Conclusions The positive confirmation of the earlier-stated hypotheses highlights the efficacy of the peat-free organic substrate for enhancing the growth of Q . robur and F . sylvatica seedlings in the nursery. The first hypothesis, predicting an improvement in nutrient allocation across different parts (leaves, shoots, and roots) of the seedlings with the novel substrate and fertilizer, was confirmed by this study. According to the PCA results, the utilization of the novel substrate and liquid fertilizer indeed resulted in an efficient distribution of nutrients in a way that was not worse than the state forest practice within individual crops. Moreover, the study validated that the uptake of macroelements in both species under the improved root system was comparable to those grown on a standard substrate (peat plus solid fertilizer). This affirmation emphasizes the potential of the novel substrate and fertilizer. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of peat-free organic substrates and the novel liquid fertilizer developed by the University of Agriculture in Kraków had significant effects on the growth of, and nutrient allocation in, pedunculate oak and European beech seedlings at the end of the growing season in the nursery. Significant variations were evident across the different novel substrate treatments. Moreover, the use of liquid fertilizer formulated by the University of Agriculture in Kraków, which was designed for the needs of the seedlings, further enhanced nutrient allocation in various organs. With the promising result achieved in the nursery, it is recommended to extend the experimental trail to forest environment. With optimism, this novel concept holds a potential to provide a permanent solution for establishing forest plantations beyond Europe. Furthermore, it may offer a sustainable alternative to peat in the long run providing long-term benefits for peatland conservation efforts, and contribute to the development of sustainable forestry practices. Declarations Authors contributions: Odunayo James Rotowa - Paper concept, Methodology, manuscript preparation, Data collection, statistical analysis, Literature review, writing Stanisław Małek - Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, reviewing, and editing Michał Jasik – Investigation, Data collection, Data editing and validation, writing, review Karolina Staszel-Szlachta - Data collection, Data curation, data analysis, review. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest Funding source: The author did not receive support from any organization to conduct the research presented in the paper. 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BIO Web of Conferences 43, 03008 https://DOI.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224303008 Rotowa OJ, Małek S, Pach M (2023a) Forest Sustainability: A Force to Recon with in the Phase of Global Environmental Challenges, American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 2023a, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023, pp. 58–66. 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231102.13 Rotowa OJ, Małek S, Banach J, Pach M (2023b) Effect of different innovative substrate mediums on root characterization of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and Pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L) seedlings. Sylwan 167(9):535–548. https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan. 2023075 Rumpf S, Nagel J, Schmidt M (2011) Biomass Treasure Functions of Spruce, Pine, Beech, Oak and Douglas Fir for Northwest Germany, Research Project: Possibilities and Limits of Whole Tree Use. Report on results (FKZ: 22015407). Agency for Renewable Resources of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (Ed.), Göttingen Sardans J, Peñuelas J (2015) Trees increase their P:N ratio with size. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 24:147–156 Tang Z, Xu W, Zhou G, Bai Y, Li J, Tang X, Xie Z (2018) Patterns of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in relation to productivity in China’s terrestrial ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(16), 4033–4038 Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM, Dubey NK (2014) Role of macronutrients in plant growth and acclimation: recent advances and future prospective. Improv Crops Era Clim Changes: Volume 2:197–216 van Beek R, Quik C, van der Linden M (2023) Drowning landscapes revisited; Correlating peatland expansion, human habitation trends and vegetation dynamics in the Northwest European mainland. Q Sci Rev 312:108170 Vicca S, Luyssaert S, Peñuelas J et al (2012) Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently. Ecol Lett 15:520–526 Wang M, Li G, Liu Y (2022) Nursery fertilization affected field performance and nutrient resorption of Populus tomentosa Carr. ploidy levels. iForest-Biogeosciences Forestry 15(1):16 Wani I, Bhat M, Dar M, Mehraj S, Bisati I, Wani S, Khanday M-U-D (2016) Response of diferent walnut ( Juglans regia L.) selection to combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures. Am J Exp Agric 12(6):1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/24695 Wei HX, Ren J, Zhou JH (2013) Efect of exponential fertilization on growth and nutritional status in Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus [Thunb.] D. Don) seedlings cultured in natural and prolonged photoperiods. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 59:933–941 Wesoły W, Hauke M (eds) (2009) Forest nursery from A to Z: collective work. Information Center of the Forests. Warsaw, Poland, ISBN 978-83-89744-81-4 Yang S, Shi Z, Zhang M, Li Y, Gao J, Wang X, Liu D (2021) Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in shrub organs linked closely with Mycorrhizal strategy in Northern China. Front Plant Sci 12:687347 Yu Q, Ma S, Ni X, Jiang L, Zhou Z, Zhu J, Fang J (2023) A test of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy framework in two types of tropical rainforests under nutrient enrichments. 2023 For Ecosyst 10:100083 Yue K, Fornara DA, Li W, Ni X, Peng Y, Liao S, Yang Y (2021) Nitrogen addition affects plant biomass allocation but not allometric relationships among different organs across the globe. J Plant Ecol 14(3):361–371 Zhang Q, Xiong G, Li J, Lu Z, Li Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhao C, Tang Z, Xie Z (2018) Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and allocation strategies among shrub organs: the effects of plant growth forms and nitrogen-fixation types. Plant Soil 427:305–319 Zhao N, Yu G, Wang Q, Wang R, Zhang J, Liu C, He N (2020) Conservative allocation strategy of multiple nutrients among major plant organs: from species to community. J Ecol 108(1):267–278 Zhu KY, Liu HC, Wei HX, Zhou JH, Zou QC, Ma GY, Zhang JQ (2016) Prediction of nutrient leaching from culture of containerized Bud dhist pine and Japanese maple seedlings exposed to extended pho toperiod. Int J Agric Biol 18:425–434 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in New Forests → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 01 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 12 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 14 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 11 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 04 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 04 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4351612","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":300609259,"identity":"575c0921-530c-4bbc-95a6-861bddae8885","order_by":0,"name":"Odunayo James Rotowa","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Agriculture in Kraków","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Odunayo","middleName":"James","lastName":"Rotowa","suffix":""},{"id":300609265,"identity":"6c21a8b5-4366-4228-b663-5fa15f506075","order_by":1,"name":"Stanisław Małek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Agriculture in Kraków","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Stanisław","middleName":"","lastName":"Małek","suffix":""},{"id":300609270,"identity":"ba3f1b56-0cc7-44d5-a7ab-97715dc236d6","order_by":2,"name":"Michał Jasik","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Agriculture in Kraków","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michał","middleName":"","lastName":"Jasik","suffix":""},{"id":300609276,"identity":"fba59f50-43a0-453b-9238-f378909ac7ad","order_by":3,"name":"Karolina Staszel-Szlachta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Agriculture in Kraków","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karolina","middleName":"","lastName":"Staszel-Szlachta","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-30 22:07:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4351612/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4351612/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-024-10079-1","type":"published","date":"2024-12-05T15:56:58+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56396567,"identity":"bf7ec2a8-8ae7-422e-b908-dda20dbdd8ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:44:54","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":59525,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ea-c: \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;biomass allocation across different substrate treatments in oak and beech \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;species\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"F1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4351612/v1/74143c46a93d68c63b532d71.jpg"},{"id":56396571,"identity":"27db497f-fbe4-4254-b92e-01c6c819d85e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:44:56","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37708,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ea-c: Correction among assessed \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;biomass of seedling organs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eS - State \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Forest fertilization, U - University fertilization, R - novel substrates, C - \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;controls substrate (peat-perlite)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"F2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4351612/v1/68acf61819d4a0af41e5a8ff.jpg"},{"id":56396566,"identity":"ab50aaf5-d611-423c-af43-227dca67808d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:44:54","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":34767,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNutrient allocation in oak root grown on different substrate\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"F3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4351612/v1/1b060259226beec00de9f49e.jpg"},{"id":56396570,"identity":"8c4c5366-49ee-447f-ab91-aadb7afb820d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:44:55","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29268,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNutrient allocation in beech root grown on different substrate\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"F4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4351612/v1/8c4f5d0cce769e0114ead2d2.jpg"},{"id":56396568,"identity":"18125da1-5d91-485e-a665-0d69c7df8da6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:44:55","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":24392,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNutrient allocation in oak and \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;beech root grown on \u0026nbsp;different fertilization methods\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"F5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4351612/v1/44219ab09867463e0f102390.jpg"},{"id":70964588,"identity":"7e4a79be-686c-4d9c-a220-e10e3fe93e43","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-09 16:09:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1776401,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4351612/v1/18cfadc4-59ec-4c04-aaaf-ea06dfb5ef40.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Innovative peat-free organic substrate and fertilizer affects nutrient allocation in different organs of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe decline of natural resources, including forest, is one of the greatest environmental problems faced in Europe and on other continents. The nutrient cycle plays a vital role in the nourishment and proper development of trees (Cambi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). The yearly nutrient take-up by young seedlings of forest trees in nurseries depends on the type of production. The nutrient demands of all tree species differ depending on the developmental phase and the stage of their vegetation cycle. Tree species can be described using several ecological prerequisites including nutrient and edaphic requirements that ought to be considered when choosing the circumstances for their development in the nursery. The proper development and high vitality of forest seedlings can be accomplished with an adequate amount and extent of nutrients adapted to the species' requirements (Muschler, 20l6). Mineral fertilizers are the main source of nutrients for seedlings growing in forest nurseries, affecting their physiological and morphological properties (Wani 2016). Appropriate mineral fertilization has been reported to enable better nourishment of seedlings, and the aggregated stores of nutrients promote better development, ability to adjust to ecological circumstances, and imperviousness to stress in difficult periods after planting (Loewe-Mu\u0026ntilde;oz, 2024). Moreover, artificial substrates used in nurseries are prepared based on ingredients such as high peat, bark, sawdust, perlite, vermiculite, or sand, which are poor in mineral compounds and therefore require fertilization (Bosiacki \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). Nowadays, pre-sowing mineral fertilizers and top dressing are mainly applied to soil and foliage during the growing season (Wesoły, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Poland, coniferous monocultures have been intensively restructured due to trees' declining health and quality. European beech (\u003cem\u003eFagus sylvatica\u003c/em\u003e L.) is a temperate species found throughout central and Western Europe (Jaworski, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Oaks (\u003cem\u003eQuercus\u003c/em\u003e spp., including \u003cem\u003eQuercus robur\u003c/em\u003e L.) are a major tree genus in Polish forests, and comprise the majority of European temperate vegetation. Oak and beech forests play a significant role in the functioning of the biosphere. They produce and accumulate biomass, produce oxygen, regulate the composition of the atmosphere of the planet, and more (Romanov et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Meanwhile, the decline and reduction of forests dominated by these species have been observed in Poland and across Europe. Because of their excellent wood quality, beech and oak are becoming more commercially desirable than several conifers because they are the preferred tree genus in any adaptation strategies to climate change for both ecological and economic reasons in Europe (Rotowa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023a\u003c/span\u003e). Under the circumstances of global change, it has been established that shifts in tree species and their symbiotic associations impact biogeochemical processes (Crowley et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Crowley and Lovett \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Yu, 2023). Hence, it is of paramount importance to intensify efforts to raise the health and sustainability of forest stands of these highly sought-after species, especially in this era of transition in Polish forests from pine to other species such as oak and beech.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe distribution of dry matter among plant organs is one of the key variables influencing the survival, competitive ability, and productivity of individual plants. It is influenced by several factors, including the availability of minerals in the rhizosphere and the flow of nutrients to the roots (Chu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Pająk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022a\u003c/span\u003e). Plant roots function as a main storage organ for macronutrients, particularly when the plant is preparing for dormancy or reduced metabolic activity. An enhanced root system has been reported to result in increased magnesium uptake by seedlings (especially those from lower substrate densities) resulting in a better proportion of dry-weight of above- to below-ground parts. Potassium was also reported to play an important role in loading the phloem and transporting carbohydrates in plants; its deficiency may increase the dry-weight and stem: root ratio (Pająk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022a\u003c/span\u003e). There is no doubt that; the distribution of macronutrients among plant organs plays a critical role in regulating growth rates and is an essential ecological process related to the history of plant life (Tripathi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Earlier studies have predominantly focused on biomass allocation (Vicca et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Poorter et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Wei et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Zhu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Pająk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022a\u003c/span\u003e) or nutrient investment in leaves only (Reed et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Richardson et al \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Hu etal. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Aoyagi and Kitayama (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) took a novel approach by examining how nitrogen and phosphorus investment in plant organs changes in Bornean rain forests to depletion of each element. Notably, Rotowa et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023b\u003c/span\u003e) reported the effects of peat-free organic substrate on the root systems of \u003cem\u003eF. sylvatica\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eQ. robur\u003c/em\u003e. However, the specific allocation of nutrients between plant organs when grown on novel substrates has rarely been demonstrated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeat is widely recognized as a foundational component within nursery substrates due to its exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties. Its outstanding water-retention capabilities and consistently high quality make it a favored medium for nurturing plants. However, the release of carbon from peat soils over time raises concerns about peat's environmental impact. Unlike forests, which sequester carbon, peatlands have the potential to release stored carbon into the atmosphere, significantly influencing the climate. With peatlands storing an estimated one-third of the world's soil carbon, surpassing the combined capacity of global forests, the swift transformation of peat into carbon dioxide upon application to plantations raises greenhouse gas levels, threatening vital ecosystems (Rotowa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023a\u003c/span\u003e). Gruda (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) highlights the yearly excavation of 20,000 cubic meters of peat in Europe, which further amplifies environmental degradation (van Beek, 2023). Considering the pressing global environmental challenges linked to peat's use in nursery substrates, it is imperative to preserve rather than destroy peatlands. The contemporary focus on sustainability and environmental consciousness emphasizes the need to develop a novel peat-free organic substrate using sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly materials as viable alternatives to peat.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of peat-free organic substrate and liquid fertilizer developed by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w, Poland on the allocation of macroelements in different parts (leaves, shoots, and roots) of \u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003erobur\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e seedlings toward the end of nursery production, just before planting. The hypotheses put forward assumed that the novel substrate and fertilizer would improve the allocation of nutrients in different parts of individual seedlings, and that the uptake of macronutrients in both species raised on a novel substrate and liquid fertilizer would enhance the growth and vigor of these seedlings compared to those grown on a standard substrate (peat plus solid fertilizer).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Substrate composition and formulation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe properties of the organic peat-free substrate, granulometric composition of the substrate before sowing, and nutrient content of substrates before seed sowing and after seedling production are shown in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. The composition of the peat substrates (S20, S21, S22) consisted predominantly of peat (93%) blended with perlite (7%), supplemented with dolomite (3 kg per m3 of substrate) to achieve a pH of 5.5. On the other hand, the peat-free substrates (R20, R21, R22) were formulated using a mixture of various components in varying percentage proportions (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). In total, four substrates (R20, R21, R22, and peat) were utilized, each subjected to two fertilization variants. The first set received standard solid fertilization (SR20, SR21, and SR22 variants), while the second set was treated with a novel liquid fertilizer also developed by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w (UR20, UR21, and UR22). The peat substrate served as the control in both fertilization scenarios, designated as SC and UC variants. In each experimental variant, seedlings of each species underwent cultivation in 75 Marbet V300 polystyrene containers. Each container comprised 53 cells with a volume of 275 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of the organic peat free substrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaw dust (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWood chips (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStraw (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWood bark (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerlite (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore wood (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed silage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eR20\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eR21\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eR22\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean and standard deviation values of properties of the organic substrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater capacity (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elitre/ min\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation factor (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBulk density (g/cm3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolid density (g/cm3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir capacity (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePorosity (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.595\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.127\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.781\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.103\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.594\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.113\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.417\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.091\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean and standard deviation values of granulometric composition of the substrate before sowing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,5mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,25mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,25\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,1mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0,1mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient content of substrates before seed sowing and after seedling production\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCa%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMg%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore sowing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR 20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.297\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.452\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.040\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR 21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.601\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR 22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.447\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.404\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.709\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.307\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.585\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter seedling production\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeech\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUR20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.677\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.518\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.578\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.651\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.525\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSR20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.596\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.721\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSR21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.978\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSR22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.756\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.987\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.844\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.695\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.476\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.075\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUR20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.703\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.383\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.594\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.418\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.422\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.493\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.650\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.966\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.863\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.392\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSR20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.455\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.589\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSR21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.942\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.626\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.879\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSR22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.872\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.703\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.798\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.424\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eS - State Forest fertilization (solid), U - University fertilization (liquid), R - novel substrates, C - controls substrate (peat-perlite).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Seed sowing and germination\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter filling the containers with the various substrates, seeds of beech and oak were sown manually (April 19\u0026ndash;20, 2022). In order to improve the germination process, the seeds were scarified before sowing. Temperature was maintained at +\u0026thinsp;3\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC and humidity at 31%. The seeds used in all substrate variants, were sourced from the same provenance with separate certificates of origin (MR/65848/21/PL for oak and MR/63313/20/PL for beech). Manual weeding was employed as the seed grows into seedlings. Following the procedure used in the container nursery, the seedlings were grown for five months. Osmocote fertilizer was applied once (during substrate preparation before sowing) at a total dose of 3 kg m-3 of each medium. Novel liquid fertilizer was applied in two distinct compositions as outlined in our former study (Rotowa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023b\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Parameter assessment and nutrient analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter the nursery's production cycle, a thorough examination of multiple seedlings was conducted. However, due to limitations stemming from the availability of seedling parts for laboratory testing, a specific selection process was employed by Rotowa et al. (2023). Five seedlings, characterized by standard vigor and biometric parameters, were carefully chosen from each of the eight treatment groups for data collection. This resulted in a total assessment of 80 seedlings for both species in the experiment. The selected containers were distributed diagonally across the experimental field. Data were collected on the biomass of the different parts of the plant organs. These parts (leaves, shoots, and roots) of the sampled seedlings were dried at 65\u0026deg;C for 48 h. After drying, the samples were ground and mineralized. From each part of the organ, 0.5g was placed into a flask for mineralization with an added mixture of acids. The mineralized samples were later filtered into a 50 ml flask and the concentration of elements was determined using the ICP-OES apparatus. The samples were analyzed for their nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon contents using a LECO CNS TruMac analyzer and phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents using a Thermo iCAP 6500 DUO ICP-OES spectrometer following mineralization in nitric and hydrochloric acids at a ratio of 3:1. The analyses were performed at the Laboratory of Forest Environment, Geochemistry, and Land Intended for Reclamation in the Department of Ecology and Silviculture and Faculty of Forestry at the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w, Poland. Before chemical analyses, the root parameters were analyzed using WinRHIZO software in the Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology of the same department.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was laid in a 2x2x4 experimental design, consisting of two species (beech and oak), two fertilizer types (solid and liquid), and four substrates in each treatment (R20, R21, R22, and control) using five seedlings per treatment. Data analysis was conducted using a multifaceted approach. In order to show the comparative performance between the treatments, the collected data (after verifying that it met the assumptions of ANOVA) were subjected to mean and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan Multiples Range Test (DMRT) was applied to locate where the significant difference occurs among the treatments at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. PCA was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, identifying key variables that collectively explained the variance in the data. Correlation test was further carried out to quantify the strength of the linear relationship between the analysed variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.1 Comparative analysis of biomass in\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eQ\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003erobur\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eF\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003esylvatica\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe biomass results obtained for the assessed parameters of \u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003erobur\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e across different substrate variants showed that the assessed dry mass of various parts (root, shoot, leaves) varied across the different substrates. The highest mean value of root biomass recorded was in SR21 and UR22 in oak and beech respectively, while the highest values of shoot and leaf biomass were recorded in SC. Seedlings biomass of both species indicated significant variability across treatments especially in the root system. (Fig. 1) Since biomass is a critical indicator of potential photosynthetic activity and overall plant health, variations in leaf biomass across treatments reveal that SC substrates optimize photosynthetic efficiency and growth. The distinct responses of oak and beech to the treatments stress the importance of fertilization in forestry seedlings and the restoration of forest ecological systems and management. The result further shows that there exist positive correlations between the below-ground and above-ground organs of the seedlings The relationship between root and shoot biomass indicates balanced growth, which is critical for healthy plant development, Similarly, the relationship between root and leaf biomass indicates efficient nutrient uptake, which is essential for healthy leaf development. In the shoot-leaf biomass correlation among treatments reflects resource allocation strategies influenced by substrate properties and fertilization methods (Fig. 2) Although the result showed large variation, significant differences observed on the SC substrate but not on others suggested that certain growth characteristics were more sensitive on SC than on others. This means that the novel substrates also affected the biomass of the seedlings toward the end of seedling production just before planting in the forest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.2 Allocation of nutrients in\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eQ\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003erobur\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eF\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003esylvatica\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eas affected by substrate treatments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results in Tables \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e show the biomass and allocation of macroelement contents in different parts (root, shoot, leaf) of \u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003erobur\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e seedlings, respectively. In the \u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003erobur\u003c/em\u003e seedlings, there was variation in the biomass and macroelement allocation across different treatments. Interestingly, the highest mean root values were recorded on treatment UR22, and this affected the nutrient content across the table, with the exception of phosphorus. On the SR treatments, higher values were recorded than on UR substrates for the shoots and leaves, but in most cases with no significant difference. The result of the ANOVA revealed that most elements showed no significant differences across treatments. However, in the shoots and leaves, significant differences existed among virtually all elements. This means that the novel substrate formulated by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w expressed highly competitive traits that supported seedling growth, especially in the root system (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of the allocation of nutrient content in different parts of \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e seedlings showed that each treatment had a distinct effect on the biomass and nutrient allocation in the seedlings. Similarly to \u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003erobur\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e root biomass on treatment UR22 was higher compared to other treatments, suggesting that the UR22 substrates promoted root growth more effectively. The allocations of virtually all elements also varied with treatment, especially within the shoot and leaf. The ANOVA, however, gave a p-value of 0.000 for the macroelements, suggesting that the treatment and fertilization had a high significant effect on the allocation. This is likely due to the ability of different substrates to supply varying amounts of nutrients or to affect the uptake and transport mechanisms within the seedlings at p-values (0.05) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe comparative analysis of the average allocation of various elements in photosynthetic (leaves) and non-photosynthetic (shoots and roots) organs of oak and beech seedlings established that the allocation of nutrients varied significantly within and between both species. These results could suggest that oak seedlings have a higher overall demand for or efficiency in absorbing macroelements, or that they allocate more resources to growth and development compared to beech seedlings, especially in roots, which play a key role in the adaptive process of crops just after planting. The response to different treatments also highlights the species-specific adaptations and needs for nutrients under varying environmental conditions. Oak generally showed a higher allocation of most macro elements in its roots compared to beech under the same substrate treatment. This suggested that the oak roots possessed a higher nutrient uptake and storage capacity than beech. The patterns were similar in the shoot part to those in the roots, with oak often having a higher allocation of the elements. However, the differences between the two species were less pronounced in the shoots compared to the roots. The photosynthetic parts also showed oak having a generally higher allocation of macroelements. This could indicate a higher demand for these elements in oak leaves, possibly because of the differences in leaf structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllocation of macro elements content in different parts of\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eQ\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003erobur\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eseedlings for each treatment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePart\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC (g/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRoots\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.69\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.40\u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.00\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.69\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.71\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.20\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.20\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.603\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.20\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.30\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44b\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.90\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.2\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.10\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.74b\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.50\u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.80\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.20\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.20\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.60\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.00\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.20\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.545ns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.067ns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.030*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.221ns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.438ns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShoots\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.90\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.00\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.80bc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.70\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.80bc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30bc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.70a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeaves\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.60\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.1\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.90\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.70\u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.4\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09b\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30\u003csup\u003eabcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.8\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02b\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.70\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.00\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.80\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003csub\u003eb\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.7\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7282\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.5\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.20\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS - State Forest fertilization, U - University fertilization, R - novel substrates, C - controls substrate (peat-perlite).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigures with the same letter in the same column are not significantly different while Figures with different letter are significantly different at p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllocation of macro elements content in different parts of\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eF\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003esylvatica\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eseedlings for each treatment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePart\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC (g/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRoots\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.00\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.00\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n 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align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.80\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.80\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;44.90\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSR22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.00\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS - State Forest fertilization, U - University fertilization, R - novel substrates, C - controls substrate (peat-perlite)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigures with the same letter in the same column are not significantly different while Figures with different letter are significantly different at p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3. Correlation analysis of nutrient components\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe correlation analysis of nutrient components revealed a linear relationship among the assessed variables. The correlation coefficient between carbon and biomass shows a perfect positive relationship, meaning that biomass was highly related to the carbon and other element content of the samples, indicating that higher allocation of these elements was associated with higher biomass. Significant positive relationships were shown to also exist between nitrogen and other elements. This could imply that different treatments resulted in different patterns of nutrient allocation in seedlings of oak and beech. This trend suggests a strong positive relationship between the treatment applied and the allocation metric may continue beyond the nursery growth (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecorrelation analysis of biometric root parameters\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.649\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.727\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.890\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.899\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.857\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.910\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n 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\u003cp\u003e.735\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.847\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.843\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.590\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiomass\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.914\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.607\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.700\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.839\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.687\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.288\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.729\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeech\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n 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align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.925\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.841\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.873\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.862\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.938\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.831\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.933\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.491\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.608\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.590\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.579\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.624\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.860\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.913\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.818\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.908\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.956\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.669\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiomass\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.997\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.783\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.833\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.932\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.872\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.489\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.876\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Result of principal component analysis of \u003cem\u003eQ. robur\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eF. sylvatica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of the PCA showed the distribution of macroelement allocation in the root system of oak and beech seedlings under different fertilizer treatments. The influence of substrate was less significant, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. Here, the macroelement composition in the roots of both oak and beech seedlings appeared consistent across different substrates, with points clustered closely together. This implies that substrate variation had minimal impact on the macroelement profiles in the roots (Figs. 3 and 4). In contrast, the impact of UR and SR fertilizers was particularly noticeable, as shown by the diverging points in Fig. 5. This indicated a significant effect of fertilization on nutrient content for both species, with the points being spatially separated. The variation observed in these graphs suggests that the primary factor influencing growth is the type of fertilizer treatment rather than the substrate treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results of this study provide valuable information on how different substrate treatments affect the growth (biomass) and nutrient allocation (macroelements) in and within oak and beech seedlings after production in the nursery (just before establishing them as a crop). The results showed significant variation in nutrient content across treatments, especially for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are the most crucial nutrients required for the proper formation of root systems in seedlings. The dry mass and nutrient content analysis of different parts of the oak and beech seedlings under study suggest that the novel substrate mediums and fertilizers effectively promote root system development. In essence, the aboveground characteristics of the seedlings cultivated on the peat-free substrate, coupled with the liquid fertilizer developed by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w, were in every respect close to those of the seedlings grown on the state forest substrate comprising peat and solid fertilizer (Rotowa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023b\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe novel substrate and fertilizers showed superior nutrient allocation in the belowground evaluation of the seedlings (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). The allocation pattern of major macronutrients with higher levels in the root could be attributed to the fact that the seedling samples were collected from the nursery at the end of the growing season. Rotowa \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2023), in a study carried out on the root systems of the same seedlings, reported treatment UR20 to be best in root morphology and characterization. In this study, however, the treatment UR22 showed the best performance in nutrient allocation in the roots of both species' seedlings. This therefore implies that peat-free substrates with the recommended dosage of fertilizer (Pająk, 2022) could be a viable alternative to traditional peat-based media, offering a more sustainable approach to seedling cultivation in forest nurseries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe different substrates exhibited significant effects on the biomass characteristics of seedlings, especially in oak. This agrees with other studies that have highlighted the influence of compacted peat substrate on nutrient contents. For example, Pająk et al. (2022) reported higher macronutrient allocation in root of European beech seedlings grown on differently compacted peat substrates in a container nursery, and Rotowa \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2023) reported the influence of various substrates and fertilizers on the root systems of oak and beech. In addition, Banach et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) experiment conducted on \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAbies alba\u003c/em\u003e seedlings in a sawdust\u0026ndash;peat substrate, finding that well-aerated substrates are essential for good growth in beech seedlings, affirmed our results. Additionally, Freschet et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) reported that nutrient allocation additionally relied on the quality of the medium on which they were grown.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough the allocation of C, N and P in the studied species recorded higher values than those reported by Aoyagi and Kitayama (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) However, comparison of nutrient allocation in the studied organs agrees with the optimal values reported by Wei et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Pająk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022a\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;b; Marušić et al \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e. This showed that the allocation of nutrient fell within the optimal range. Furthermore, exceptions were observed for phosphorus in the UC treatment of oak, which fell below the lower threshold. Phosphorus and potassium remained at the lower limit to nitrogen, while magnesium in the SR treatments was recorded at its lower limit in oak. Although the studied samples were collected towards the ending of the growing season, However, This situation of observed decrease in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium agrees with the study of Hidaka and Kitayama (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) in tropical tree species, indicating a withdrawal into the stem and root, while the calcium content increased, especially towards the end of the growing season, as observed in this study. Calcium serves a structural role in the cell wall of plant organs and is immobile in leaves. Earlier studies (Peuke and Rennenberg \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Loewe-Mu\u0026ntilde;oz et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) established a high requirement for calcium and a very high requirement for potassium. Beech seedlings have been reported to grow better in substrates rich in calcium, magnesium, and potassium (Pająk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022b\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, Balcar et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) used dolomite (containing calcium and magnesium) to fertilize beech trees in plantations, and reported a positive effect on their survival and growth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety in nutrient allocation was not just found to exist between the tree species, but also within different organs of each species. This concurs with various investigations on European beech and pedunculate oak (Poorter et al \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Andr\u0026eacute; 2010, Pretzsch 2014, Husmann et al \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Unlike beech, oak displayed essentially higher nutritional accumulation in the roots, shoots, and leaves. This study also re-established that nutrient allocation is generally higher in below ground organ than those that are above ground and this applied to the two species. Prominently, nutrient response efficiencies varied significantly among the studied species, with treatment on R22 of novel substrate and UAK fertilizer formulation accumulating more nutrients in the root. This corroborates previous studies (Freschet et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Husmann et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Klimešov\u0026aacute;, et al \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, Rumpf et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Meiwes et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Pająk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022b\u003c/span\u003e; Rotowa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023b\u003c/span\u003e) that focused solely on the nutrient content of aboveground and belowground biomass. Plant roots serve as a primary storage organ for macronutrients, especially during periods when the plant is preparing for dormancy or reduced metabolic activity, as was the case for the sampled seedlings. After the developing season in the nursery, the transportation of nutrients to the roots for storage was focused on to guarantee that these nutrients were reserved for the next growing season (in the forest). This mobility and reallocation of these nutrients could be said to have brought about more nutrient allocation in the underground growth, as seen in this study. Also, the allocation of nutrient into plant-stable organs was seen to be quicker in oak than in beech, and this could justify why more supplements were assigned to the underground root growth of oak than to that of beech.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe distribution of plant biomass has been identified as a crucial factor that aids allocation of nutrients in plant organs (Rumpf 2011; Meiwes, 2012; Freschet et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Husmann et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, Klimešov\u0026aacute; 2018; Yue, 2021). The importance of nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning between plant organs as a critical factor in regulating growth rate has been highlighted in previous studies (Lalibert\u0026eacute; et al \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Minden and Kleyer, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, Tang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, Malhotra et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Zhang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, Yang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) The results of this study show contrasting trends in nutrient allocation between nitrogen and phosphorus as both were influenced from negative side of distribution to positive as a result of the effect of fertilization. A similar divergence in nutrient availability was observed by Aoyagi and Kitayama (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in their investigation of nutrient allocation between plant organs in Bornean rainforests. The differences in nitrogen and phosphorus allocation among organs may be closely related to the different requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus in the construction of structural biomolecules.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast to the findings of Zhao et al (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) that nutrient allocation among organs of tree species is intimately related to it demand, the application of this novel fertilizer, as depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;5, appears to be markedly different. It is important to note that although the role of shoot phosphorus is less well established, the shoot could potentially act as a storage organ, as previously suggested by Sardans and Pe\u0026ntilde;uelas (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). The storage of carbon and nutrients in long-lived organs, such as shoots and roots, is considered essential to compensate for biomass losses due to fallen leaves and branches (Aoyagi and Kitayama, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), or to natural enemies (Fricke et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, Comita and stump, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe positive confirmation of the earlier-stated hypotheses highlights the efficacy of the peat-free organic substrate for enhancing the growth of \u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003erobur\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003esylvatica\u003c/em\u003e seedlings in the nursery. The first hypothesis, predicting an improvement in nutrient allocation across different parts (leaves, shoots, and roots) of the seedlings with the novel substrate and fertilizer, was confirmed by this study. According to the PCA results, the utilization of the novel substrate and liquid fertilizer indeed resulted in an efficient distribution of nutrients in a way that was not worse than the state forest practice within individual crops. Moreover, the study validated that the uptake of macroelements in both species under the improved root system was comparable to those grown on a standard substrate (peat plus solid fertilizer). This affirmation emphasizes the potential of the novel substrate and fertilizer.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of peat-free organic substrates and the novel liquid fertilizer developed by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w had significant effects on the growth of, and nutrient allocation in, pedunculate oak and European beech seedlings at the end of the growing season in the nursery. Significant variations were evident across the different novel substrate treatments. Moreover, the use of liquid fertilizer formulated by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w, which was designed for the needs of the seedlings, further enhanced nutrient allocation in various organs. With the promising result achieved in the nursery, it is recommended to extend the experimental trail to forest environment. With optimism, this novel concept holds a potential to provide a permanent solution for establishing forest plantations beyond Europe. Furthermore, it may offer a sustainable alternative to peat in the long run providing long-term benefits for peatland conservation efforts, and contribute to the development of sustainable forestry practices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOdunayo James Rotowa \u003cstrong\u003e-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePaper concept, Methodology, manuscript preparation, Data collection, statistical analysis, Literature review, writing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStanisław Małek\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eFunding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, reviewing, and editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMichał Jasik \u0026ndash;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eInvestigation,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData collection, Data editing and validation, writing, review\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKarolina Staszel-Szlachta\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData collection, Data curation, data analysis, review.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding source:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author did not receive support from any organization to conduct the research presented in the paper. The seedlings used for the analyses were grown in project POIR.04.01.04-00-0016/20 funded by the National Centre for Research and Development from national resources and the European Regional Development Fund. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData will be made available on request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAndr\u0026eacute; F, Jonard M, Ponette Q (2010) Biomass and nutrient content of sessile oak (\u003cem\u003eQuercus petraea\u003c/em\u003e (Matt.) Liebl.) and beech (\u003cem\u003eFagus sylvatica\u003c/em\u003e L.) stem and branches in a mixed stand in southern Belgium. 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Int J Agric Biol 18:425\u0026ndash;434\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"new-forests","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nefo","sideBox":"Learn more about [New Forests](http://link.springer.com/journal/11056)","snPcode":"11056","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11056/3","title":"New Forests","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"peat-free substrates, liquid fertilizer, forest tree seedlings, sustainable cultivation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4351612/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4351612/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study evaluates the effects of novel peat-free organic substrates and a novel liquid fertilizer on the biometric features and macronutrient allocation of \u003cem\u003eQuercus robur\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eFagus sylvatica\u003c/em\u003e seedlings with the view to compare biomass and nutrient allocation of plant organs in seedlings cultivated on peat substrates against those grown on novel peat-free substrates and fertilizer. The experimental setup involved four substrate variants, including the control (R20, R21, R22 and C). The novel substrates and fertilizer were designed and formulated by the University of Agriculture in Krak\u0026oacute;w, Poland (UAK). Fertilization used in the state forest nurseries was represented as SR20, SR21, and SR22, while the novel fertilizer of UAK was represented as UR20, UR21, and UR22; meanwhile, SC and UC represented the control substrates (peat) in both cases, respectively. The experiment was laid in a 2x2x4 experimental design using five seedlings per treatment. Seedlings were assessed for height, collar diameter, and roots, shoots, and leaves biomass. The allocation patterns highlighted the variability of nutrient allocation within the plants, with more nutrients allocated to the root system. Interestingly, treatment UR22 yielded the highest mean root values, root biomass, and virtually all macroelement allocation. Overall, peat-free substrates with novel liquid fertilizer demonstrated competitive traits supporting seedling growth, with significant differences observed in the allocation of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Based on the study results, peat-free substrates with the recommended dosage of novel fertilizer improved seedlings' quality, enhancing the growth and nutrient allocation in different organs of tree seedlings.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Innovative peat-free organic substrate and fertilizer affects nutrient allocation in different organs of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-13 15:44:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4351612/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-08-01T13:30:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-12T23:48:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-14T10:25:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"76760980914632440447049941798313905214","date":"2024-05-14T08:41:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"123365695806661107373194807051014584914","date":"2024-05-14T06:38:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-11T07:48:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-04T08:59:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-04T08:59:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"New Forests","date":"2024-04-30T22:06:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"new-forests","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nefo","sideBox":"Learn more about [New Forests](http://link.springer.com/journal/11056)","snPcode":"11056","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11056/3","title":"New Forests","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"05a41010-1913-4446-a95e-365b0e65ad0b","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-09T15:59:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4351612","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-024-10079-1","journal":{"identity":"new-forests","isVorOnly":false,"title":"New Forests"},"publishedOn":"2024-12-05 15:56:58","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 5th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-13 15:44:47","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11056-024-10079-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-024-10079-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4351612","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4351612","identity":"rs-4351612","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}