Collaborative optimization of 5G base station communication load transfer and energy storage based on hierarchical game theory

Collaborative optimization of 5G base station communication load transfer and energy storage based on hierarchical game theory | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Collaborative optimization of 5G base station communication load transfer and energy storage based on hierarchical game theory Zhibo Fu, Jian Wang, Jiafa Zhang, Hong Zou, Caiqin Nong, Lei Zhou, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9367145/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 19 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the rapid development of 5G networks, the issue of base station energy consumption is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper proposes a 5G base station communication load transfer and energy storage collaborative optimization method based on hierarchical game theory. By establishing a base station power consumption model, an energy storage schedulable energy model, and a multi-agent hierarchical game framework, communication load balancing and energy economic scheduling are achieved. The example analysis is based on the IEEE33 node system, and the results show that on the load side, the maximum power demand of the 5G base station exceeds 350 kW; on the power side, the photovoltaic return power at noon reaches 80 kW, while the distribution network provides nearly 300 kW of power during peak hours in the evening. In terms of revenue, wind power and photovoltaic revenue increased by 32.0% and 34.3% respectively, while the loss of 5G base stations decreased from − 1590.40 yuan to -827.34 yuan, and the revenue of distribution networks decreased slightly by 9.6%. In addition, the operating pattern of energy storage charging in the morning and discharging in the evening is significant, with a peak discharge power close to -6 kW. The research results have verified the effectiveness of this method in improving the consumption of new energy, reducing the energy cost of base stations, and promoting multi-party collaboration. 5G base station Layered game Communication load transfer Collaborative optimization of energy storage Multi subject energy cooperation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 19 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 24 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 13 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 09 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9367145","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":634238905,"identity":"4f02c6b0-2fbb-455a-8ec8-172f09e11197","order_by":0,"name":"Zhibo Fu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Southern Power Grid Digital Grid Group Information and Telecommunication Technology Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhibo","middleName":"","lastName":"Fu","suffix":""},{"id":634238906,"identity":"963c869b-ab1b-4abb-8dff-3822bf64160a","order_by":1,"name":"Jian Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China 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This paper proposes a 5G base station communication load transfer and energy storage collaborative optimization method based on hierarchical game theory. By establishing a base station power consumption model, an energy storage schedulable energy model, and a multi-agent hierarchical game framework, communication load balancing and energy economic scheduling are achieved. The example analysis is based on the IEEE33 node system, and the results show that on the load side, the maximum power demand of the 5G base station exceeds 350 kW; on the power side, the photovoltaic return power at noon reaches 80 kW, while the distribution network provides nearly 300 kW of power during peak hours in the evening. In terms of revenue, wind power and photovoltaic revenue increased by 32.0% and 34.3% respectively, while the loss of 5G base stations decreased from \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1590.40 yuan to -827.34 yuan, and the revenue of distribution networks decreased slightly by 9.6%. In addition, the operating pattern of energy storage charging in the morning and discharging in the evening is significant, with a peak discharge power close to -6 kW. 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