Two-phase Analysis of Bifurcation Angle Effect on Blood Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Bifurcated Vessels

Two-phase Analysis of Bifurcation Angle Effect on Blood Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Bifurcated Vessels | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Two-phase Analysis of Bifurcation Angle Effect on Blood Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Bifurcated Vessels Siddhartha Sankar Das, Swarup Kumar Mahapatra This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372350/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background and Objective: Bifurcated blood vessels (symmetric and asymmetric) are major contributors to the heat sink effect which causes incomplete tumor cell necrosis during the thermal ablation procedure. This study analyses the effect of bifurcation angle on blood heat transfer using a two-phase numerical model. Methods: Three-dimensional bifurcated blood vessels having two different diameters (case 1: diameter = 3 mm and case 2: diameter = 0.6 mm) are being constructed with both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. The Eulerian two-phase model (Granular model along with the application of kinetic theory) is used for blood flow simulation in bifurcated vessels. Results: The effect of vessel diameter and bifurcation angle on the blood heat sink is being studied in a three-dimensional bifurcated vessel. Minimum blood temperature at bifurcation which is responsible for the major heat sink effect, is noticed to have a higher value for small vessels compared to large. As the angle ratio (r = α/β) in a small diameter bifurcated vessel with asymmetric configuration increases, blood velocity at the inlet of branch vessel 1 decreases, which lowers the heat sink effect produced due to blood flow at the bifurcation. In a large diameter (D m = 3 mm) bifurcated vessel with symmetric configuration, with an increase in bifurcation angle (Ω bif ), blood heat transfer at the inlet of branch vessel 1 and heat sink effect of blood at bifurcation both increase. Conclusion: Both bifurcation angle, symmetricity, and vessel diameter size have pronounced effects on blood heat transfer in a bifurcated vessel. This study concludes that during hyperthermia or cryo-therapy, the nearby vasculature configuration type must be taken into account to achieve maximum efficacy of the ablation procedure. Multiphase flow heat transfer bifurcation angle red blood cells kinetic theory symmetricity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4372350","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":299481848,"identity":"40d20171-de8f-41bc-98b4-5713a958f2c3","order_by":0,"name":"Siddhartha Sankar Das","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgYzEJXAL//4wIEPQBYbO3FaDBIkG9ISH84AaWEmbA9Ei8GBHGNjHogh+IF8O/O2Bz/3/MljOHDGTNrm1zZ5PmYGxg8fc3BrMTjMVm7Y88ygmLGxrUw6t++2YRszA7PkzG14tDDzmEnwHDBIbGZm3iad23ObEaiFjZkXjxb5Zh4zyT9ALW1sDGbSlj237QlqYTjMYyYNsqWHh8XYmOHH7USCWoB+KZOWOWCcOEOCLfFhb8Pt5DZmxma8fpHvP7xN8s0BucT9N5gPHPjx57bt/Pbmgx8+4nMYCmBsA5MNxKoHgT+kKB4Fo2AUjIKRAgCj+U9y4288rgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"IIT Bhubaneswar","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Siddhartha","middleName":"Sankar","lastName":"Das","suffix":""},{"id":299481849,"identity":"ab9d1195-545c-4a26-8016-0aa5bd04331f","order_by":1,"name":"Swarup Kumar Mahapatra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IIT Bhubaneswar","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Swarup","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Mahapatra","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-05 15:44:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372350/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372350/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63357589,"identity":"78f826e1-329a-47df-b927-218f5dc9e634","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-27 09:35:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1288511,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MANUSCRIPT.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4372350/v1_covered_3ab7c451-64af-4a54-8042-549462909dd7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Two-phase Analysis of Bifurcation Angle Effect on Blood Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Bifurcated Vessels","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Multiphase flow, heat transfer, bifurcation angle, red blood cells, kinetic theory, symmetricity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372350/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372350/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground and Objective:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBifurcated blood vessels (symmetric and asymmetric) are major contributors to the heat sink effect which causes incomplete tumor cell necrosis during the thermal ablation procedure. This study analyses the effect of bifurcation angle on blood heat transfer using a two-phase numerical model.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree-dimensional bifurcated blood vessels having two different diameters (case 1: diameter\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3 mm and case 2: diameter\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.6 mm) are being constructed with both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. The Eulerian two-phase model (Granular model along with the application of kinetic theory) is used for blood flow simulation in bifurcated vessels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of vessel diameter and bifurcation angle on the blood heat sink is being studied in a three-dimensional bifurcated vessel. Minimum blood temperature at bifurcation which is responsible for the major heat sink effect, is noticed to have a higher value for small vessels compared to large. As the angle ratio (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;α/β) in a small diameter bifurcated vessel with asymmetric configuration increases, blood velocity at the inlet of branch vessel 1 decreases, which lowers the heat sink effect produced due to blood flow at the bifurcation. In a large diameter (D\u003csub\u003em\u003c/sub\u003e = 3 mm) bifurcated vessel with symmetric configuration, with an increase in bifurcation angle (Ω\u003csub\u003ebif\u003c/sub\u003e), blood heat transfer at the inlet of branch vessel 1 and heat sink effect of blood at bifurcation both increase.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth bifurcation angle, symmetricity, and vessel diameter size have pronounced effects on blood heat transfer in a bifurcated vessel. This study concludes that during hyperthermia or cryo-therapy, the nearby vasculature configuration type must be taken into account to achieve maximum efficacy of the ablation procedure.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Two-phase Analysis of Bifurcation Angle Effect on Blood Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Bifurcated Vessels","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-13 06:20:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372350/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"37625c4c-e540-4cc6-a29e-f2cb779f5692","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-27T09:27:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-13 06:20:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4372350","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4372350","identity":"rs-4372350","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}