Resilience to Climate Change across Agro-ecological Zones in Tigray, Ethiopia

Resilience to Climate Change across Agro-ecological Zones in Tigray, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Resilience to Climate Change across Agro-ecological Zones in Tigray, Ethiopia Gebreslassie Hailu, Zenebe Abraha, Woldegebrial Zeweld, Girmay Tesfay, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8924802/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Climate is rapidly changing, and extreme weather events are likely to be more common. This alerts to deal with climate-related shocks and escalate resilience. Yet, research on farm households’ resilience and factors influencing their resilience capacity are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the resilience index of farm households and evaluate factors influencing resilience capacity to climate change-induced shocks in Tigray, Ethiopia. The climate resilience index was estimated based on resilience capacities using an agro-ecological unit of analysis. Multivariate and Shiny Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis models were applied. The result shows that the average climate resilience index of the farm households is below the minimum threshold, and they are highly vulnerable to climate change-induced shocks. It revealed that male-headed households and farm households residing in midland agro-ecology are relatively more resilient, followed by the highland and lowland agro-ecological zones. The absorptive capacity is highest contributor for better resilience capacity, followed by the adaptive and transformative capacities. Stability and being better off in income, food access, and asset holding are important components for better resilience. However, low access to basic services, limited early warning systems, and inadequate adaptive capacity were profound causes for low resilience capacity. The study suggests that interventions should focus on absorptive capacities to boost the resilience of farm households. Likewise, efforts towards increased resilience should target the least resilient farm households and agro-ecology to realize the climate change resilient food systems. Adaptive capacity agro-ecology climate resilient multivariate analysis resilience index Tigray Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 05 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 29 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 17 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 11 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 09 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8924802","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":607684365,"identity":"a5823876-3aa2-43c7-b321-6f3e356933c2","order_by":0,"name":"Gebreslassie Hailu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCwweABA+DHIh94AFRWo4lAAkZBmOwlgTitdgwJDaAOERp4TvGfPDTjRyb9Plhhx8CbbGT020goEXyGFuydM6ZtNyNt9MMgFqSjc0OENBicL/HQDq353DuxtkJIC0HErcR1HKM//Pv3H//0w1np38gVgsPm3QOz4EEeekcIm0B+sXMOocn2XCDdE7BgQQDIvwCDLHHt3N47OTlZ6dv/vChwk6OoBaEC8EqDYhVDgLyDaSoHgWjYBSMghEFAAjFSAns+AypAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Mekelle University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gebreslassie","middleName":"","lastName":"Hailu","suffix":""},{"id":607684366,"identity":"0c71eabc-5934-406f-8e63-58bb06f9a438","order_by":1,"name":"Zenebe Abraha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mekelle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zenebe","middleName":"","lastName":"Abraha","suffix":""},{"id":607684367,"identity":"6299d225-75dd-42a8-afa5-3a470776d9be","order_by":2,"name":"Woldegebrial Zeweld","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mekelle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Woldegebrial","middleName":"","lastName":"Zeweld","suffix":""},{"id":607684368,"identity":"bbf713e8-04d7-4888-8805-4ed83d0c3bb9","order_by":3,"name":"Girmay Tesfay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mekelle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Girmay","middleName":"","lastName":"Tesfay","suffix":""},{"id":607684369,"identity":"353553cc-b15d-4989-923e-e3306840ec14","order_by":4,"name":"Amanuel Zenebe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mekelle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amanuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Zenebe","suffix":""},{"id":607684370,"identity":"e9094c7a-830e-4bbb-abed-a509e4a18dc7","order_by":5,"name":"Dawit Gebregziabher","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mekelle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dawit","middleName":"","lastName":"Gebregziabher","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-20 10:54:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8924802/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8924802/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105034811,"identity":"8e04ad6f-90b6-47fd-a0ec-b045f2e06a47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-20 07:24:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1025467,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8924802/v1_covered_da4dadf6-4591-458f-8036-78f46c3399b5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Resilience to Climate Change across Agro-ecological Zones in Tigray, Ethiopia","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-sustainability","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"disu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Sustainability](https://www.springer.com/43621)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Sustainability","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Adaptive capacity, agro-ecology, climate resilient, multivariate analysis, resilience index, Tigray","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8924802/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8924802/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eClimate is rapidly changing, and extreme weather events are likely to be more common. 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