Catamenial pneumothorax

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This letter describes a 29-year-old woman who presented with recurrent right-sided pneumothorax coinciding with her menstrual cycle. Imaging revealed an ovarian endometrioma, and videothoracoscopy confirmed the presence of endometriotic foci on the pleural surface, which were subsequently resected. The authors note that thoracic endometriosis typically manifests as catamenial pneumothorax or hemothorax in women of childbearing age, often due to diaphragmatic defects allowing pelvic fluid flow to the right hemithorax. Diagnosis relies on clinical history and imaging, while treatment involves surgical excision or hormonal therapy to prevent recurrence. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically thoracic endometriosis presenting as catamenial pneumothorax.

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if (event.shiftKey && document.activeElement === firstItem) { event.preventDefault(); toggle.focus(); return; } if (!event.shiftKey && document.activeElement === toggle) { event.preventDefault(); firstItem.focus(); return; } if (!event.shiftKey && document.activeElement === lastItem) { closeMenu(); } }); }); Brazil language en English Português Español Radiologia Brasileira Mostrar opções launch Submission of manuscripts info About the journal help_outline Editorial Policy people Editorial Board help_outline Instructions to authors email Contact show_chart Metrics home Table of contents navigate_before previous current next navigate_next Text (EN) Text (English) Text (Portuguese) PDF Download PDF (English) Download PDF (Portuguese) article Conteúdo: Text (EN) Text (English) Text (Portuguese) Download PDF (English) (abre em nova aba) Download PDF (Portuguese) (abre em nova aba) share Whatsapp BlueSky Mastodon Facebook Mais home Table of contents share Whatsapp BlueSky Mastodon Facebook Mais Text (EN) Text (English) Text (Portuguese) PDF Download PDF (English) (abre em nova aba) Download PDF (Portuguese) (abre em nova aba) LETTERS TO THE EDITOR • Radiol Bras 48 (2) • Mar-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0067 link copy Catamenial pneumothorax Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS Dear Editor , A previously healthy 29-year-old woman presented at the emergency service complaining of sudden onset dyspnea. At physical examination the vesicular murmur was absent in the entire right hemithorax. Chest radiography demonstrated the presence of pneumothorax at right ( Figure 1 ) and chest computed tomography (CT) did not demonstrate any other alteration besides the already mentioned pneumothorax. Thoracotomy with underwater seal chest drainage was performed. As the pneumothorax presentation coincided with the patient's menstrual period, pelvic ultrasonography was performed and identified an image compatible with endometrioma in the left ovary. In three months, the patient evolved with a new spontaneous pneumothorax at right, and a pig-tail drainage tube was inserted. Later, thoracocoscopy was performed, and endometriotic foci were identified and resected ( Figure 2 ). The chest wall was repaired with a Marlex mesh. After three months, the patient remains asymptomatic. Figure 1 Chest radiography, posterior view showing pneumothorax at right. Figure 2 Videothoracoscopy revealing the presence of endometriotic foci (arrows) on the pleural surface. Imaging evaluation of the chest has been subject of a range of recent publications in the Brazilian radiological literature ( 1 - 10 ) . Thoracic endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue in the lung parenchyma or in the pleural cavity, and manifests clinically by hemoptysis, pneumothorax or hemothorax, occurring in conjunction with menstrual periods ( 11 - 13 ) . Frequently, it affects women in childbearing age, with incidence peak between the third and fourth decades of life ( 14 ) . Thoracic endometrial implants generally occur in the pleural cavity and, less frequently, in the lung parenchyma ( 14 ) . Pleural endometriosis is an entity whose course is generally benign, occurring most frequently at right, possibly due to congenital defects in the right diaphragmatic dome and to continuous flow of fluid from the pelvis into the right upper quadrant of the abdomen ( 15 ) . Typically, thoracic endometrial implants occur concurrently with periodical symptoms (from one day before to the first two days of menstruation) ( 16 ) . The clinical presentation depends on the site of involvement, namely, catamenial pneumothorax or hemothorax in cases of pleural implants; and catamenial hemoptysis or asymptomatic pulmonary nodules in cases of implants in the pulmonary parenchyma. Histologically, the presence of endometrial tissue is identified in the lungs and/or pleura. Cytology reveals the presence of endometrial cells in the pleural fluid, in pulmonary nodules/masses aspirates, or in bronchial lavage fluid. Imaging studies include principally chest radiography and CT, which can demonstrate pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax or pleural nodular lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging has increasingly gained relevance since, besides differentiating parenchymal from pleural lesions, this method presents a better spatial resolution and, if performed during the menstrual period, it can identify glandular tissue in the affected site (hyperintense foci on T2-weighted images) ( 17 - 19 ) . The treatment has two main pillars: the conservative treatment, based on hormone replacement to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax and hemothorax; and the surgical treatment that is indicated in cases of hormone therapy failure, severe treatment side effects, recurrence after treatment interruption, or if the patient wants to become pregnant ( 20 ) . Therefore, one may conclude that catamenial pneumothorax should be suspected in the presence of clinical signs coinciding with the menstrual period, and that imaging studies can confirm the diagnosis. The treatment may be either surgical or medical, and should be appropriately indicated to avoid disease recurrence. REFERENCES 1 Zanetti G, Nobre LF, Mançano AD, et al. Paracoccidioidomicose pulmonar. Radiol Bras. 2014;47(1):xi-xiii. 2 Fernandes MC, Zanetti G, Hochhegger B, et al. Pneumonia por Rhodococcus equi em paciente com SIDA. Radiol Bras. 2014;47(3):xi-xiii. 3 Amorim VB, Rodrigues RS, Barreto MM, et al. Achados na tomografia computadorizada em pacientes com infecção pulmonar pelo vírus influenza A (H1N1). Radiol Bras. 2013;46:299-306. 4 Eifer DA, Arsego FV, Torres FS. Atresia unilateral das veias pulmonares: avaliação por tomografia computadorizada. Radiol Bras. 2013;46:376-8. 5 Souza VF, Chaves RT, Balieiro VS, et al. Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da densidade pulmonar em paciente com polimiosite e fibrose pulmonar. Radiol Bras. 2013;46(3):ix-x. 6 Marcos L, Bichinho GL, Panizzi EA, et al. Classificação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica pela radiografia do tórax. Radiol Bras. 2013;46:327-32. 7 Amoedo MK, Souza LVS, Souza AS, et al. Enfisema intersticial pulmonar: relato de caso e revisão da literatura. Radiol Bras. 2013;46:317-9. 8 Zanetti G, Nobre LF, Mançano AD, et al. Sinal do halo invertido com paredes nodulares causado por tuberculose pulmonar, confirmada por cultura do escarro. Radiol Bras. 2013;46(6):ix-x. 9 Koenigkam-Santos M, Paula WD, Gompelmann D, et al. Endobronchial valves in severe emphysematous patients: CT evaluation of lung fissures completeness, treatment radiological response and quantitative emphysema analysis. Radiol Bras. 2013;46:15-22. 10 Silva JLP. O trinômio vírus-droga-hospedeiro na caracterização tomográfica da infecção pulmonar por influenza A (H1N1) - uma visão clínico-radiológico-patológica. Radiol Bras. 2013;46(5):vii-ix. 11 Alifano M, Vénissac N, Mouroux J. Recurrent pneumothorax associated with thoracic endometriosis. Surg Endosc. 2000;14:680. 12 Attaran S, Bille A, Karenovics W, et al. Videothoracoscopic repair of diaphragm and pleurectomy/abrasion in patients with catamenial pneumothorax: a 9-year experience. Chest. 2013;143:1066-9. 13 Bagan P, Berna P, Assouad J, et al. Value of cancer antigen 125 for diagnosis of pleural endometriosis in females with recurrent pneumothorax. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:140-2. 14 Costa F, Matos F. Endometriose torácica. Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;XIV:427-35. 15 Cassina PC, Hauser M, Kacl G, et al. Catamenial hemoptysis. Diagnosis with MRI. Chest. 1997;111:1447-50. 16 Yu Z, Fleischman JK, Rahman HM, et al. Catamenial hemoptysis and pulmonary endometriosis: a case report. Mount Sinai J Med. 2002;69:261-3. 17 Marchiori E, Zanetti G, Rafful P, et al. Pleural endometriosis and recurrent pneumothorax: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93:696-7. 18 Coutinho A Jr, Bittencourt LK, Pires CE, et al. MR imaging in deep pelvic endometriosis: a pictorial essay. Radiographics. 2011;31:549-67. 19 Marchiori E, Zanetti G, Rodrigues RS, et al. Pleural endometriosis: findings on magnetic resonance imaging. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38:797-802. 20 Alifano M, Roth T, Broët SC, et al. Catamenial pneumothorax: a prospective study. Chest. 2003;124:1004-8. Publication Dates Publication in this collection Mar-Apr 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Authorship .author-card { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 1rem 0; } .author-card:last-child { border-bottom: 0px; } .author-name { font-weight: 600; } .orcid-button { padding-left: 2.5rem; } .modal-body { padding-bottom: 3rem; } .orcid-button::before { content: ""; position: absolute; background-image: url(https://ds.scielo.org/img/logo-orcid.svg); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 1.5em auto; background-position: .5em center; display: block; width: 60px; height: 60px; top: -10px; left: 0; } person Brainner Campos Barbosa school Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil. Hospital Santa Teresa Brazil Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil. person Edson Marchiori school Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. person Gláucia Maria Ribeiro Zanetti school Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. person Jorge Luiz Barillo school Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil Niterói, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Mailing Address: Dr. Brainner Campos Barbosa. Rua das Laranjeiras, 371, ap. 303, Edifício Marco Luiz, Laranjeiras. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 22240-004. E-mail: [email protected] . SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil. Hospital Santa Teresa Brazil Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil Niterói, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Figures Figures (2) Thumbnail Figure 1 Chest radiography, posterior view showing pneumothorax at right. Thumbnail Figure 2 Videothoracoscopy revealing the presence of endometriotic foci (arrows) on the pleural surface. image Figure 1 Chest radiography, posterior view showing pneumothorax at right. open_in_new image Figure 2 Videothoracoscopy revealing the presence of endometriotic foci (arrows) on the pleural surface. open_in_new How to cite link copy function currentDate() { var today = new Date(); var months = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'] today.setTime(today.getTime()); return today.getDate() + " " + months[today.getMonth()] + " " + today.getFullYear(); } var citation = 'Barbosa, Brainner Campos et al. Catamenial pneumothorax. Radiologia Brasileira [online]. 2015, v. 48, n. 2 [Accessed CURRENTDATE], pp. 128-129. Available from: . 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