Periodically-Modulated Unipolar and Bipolar Orders in Nematic Fluids: Towards Miniaturized Microscopic Nonlinear Photonics

Periodically-Modulated Unipolar and Bipolar Orders in Nematic Fluids: Towards Miniaturized Microscopic Nonlinear Photonics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Periodically-Modulated Unipolar and Bipolar Orders in Nematic Fluids: Towards Miniaturized Microscopic Nonlinear Photonics Yan-qing Lu, Guang-Yang Zhang, Enjun Lin, Ze-Yu Wang, Jin-Tao Pan, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5707382/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Complex polar topological configurations are the foundation for exploring exotic phases and nontrivial emergent phenomena in condensed-matter physics. While numerous topological configurations like skyrmions and merons are known to occur spontaneously in various materials, achieving the designability of magnetically- and electrically-polar textures in a controlled manner is a long-standing challenge in domain engineering. Here, we discover an unprecedented mesophase that exhibits unipolar and bipolar orders, where both the apolar and polar orientational order parameters are modulated. The polar state enables defect-free polar patterning with designability and controllability at large scales. We succeed in scaling down the volume of the nonlinear vectorial beam generation devices by a factor over 10 -6 , providing a foundation for the microscopic nonlinear optical apparatuses. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical materials and structures/Liquid crystals Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for optics/Nonlinear optics Physical sciences/Materials science/Condensed-matter physics/Ferroelectrics and multiferroics liquid crystals ferroelectrics polar mesophases polar topology light-matter interactions nonlinear photonics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files 20241225finalversionzgymllSI20.37.docx SI_Periodically-modulated unipolar and bipolar orders in nematic fluids: towards miniaturized microscopic nonlinear photonics Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5707382","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":403131844,"identity":"3ee358ff-9ed3-4379-9176-b12b6975441c","order_by":0,"name":"Yan-qing 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