Fabrication of Gelatin Microspheres 1 Containing Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate for the Tunable Release of Herbicide

Fabrication of Gelatin Microspheres 1 Containing Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate for the Tunable Release of Herbicide | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fabrication of Gelatin Microspheres 1 Containing Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate for the Tunable Release of Herbicide He Liu, Zheng Zhang, jun yang, Wanyu Zang, Qing Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-326872/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Biotechnology Letters → Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The major challenge in utilizing pesticides lies in identifying the precise application that would improve the efficiency of these pesticides and reduce their environmental and health hazards at the same time. Such application requires the development of specific formulations that enable controlled, stimuli-responsive release of the pesticides. Gelatin is a relatively cheap material characterized by temperature-sensitivity and abundant amino acid groups, which makes it suitable for the storage and controlled release of pesticides. In this study, gelatin microspheres were prepared by emulsion and cross-linking, then they were loaded with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium (2,4-D Na) as a model herbicide. To achieve temperature-tunable release of 2,4-D Na from the microspheres, NH4HCO3 was added to the formulations at different concentrations. The prepared formulations were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and size distribution analyses, and their drug loading capacities were determined. Based on bioassay experiments, the 2,4-D Na-NH4HCO3-loaded gelatin microspheres can effectively control the spread of dicotyledonous weeds. Therefore, the strategy proposed herein can be used to develop novel, effective herbicide formulations. Biotechnology and Bioengineering gelatin microspheres controlled release temperature responsive NH4HCO3 herbicide Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Full-Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Tables Table 1 Average particle sizes of unloaded and 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres. Gelatin microspheres 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres Particle size (μm) 253.61 ± 11.27 525.49 ± 18.02 Table 2 Drug loading capacity and embedding ratio of microspheres with different concentrations of NH4HCO3. 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres 2,4-D Na-3%NH 4 HCO 3 -loaded gelatin microspheres 2,4-D Na-6%NH 4 HCO 3 -loaded gelatin microspheres Drug loading capacity (mg/g) 77.95 ± 2.40 43.96 ± 1.25 39.1 ± 1.11 Embedding ratio (%) 61.76 ± 2.89 37.88 ± 1.12 36.4 ± 1.03 Table 3 Rootlength and weight on the 5th day. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Root length (cm) 7.32 ± 0.81 3.81 ± 0.34 3.39 ± 0.23 3.23 ± 0.25 Weight (g) 0.29 ± 0.0200 0.16 ± 0.0049 0.09 ± 0.0052 0.06 ± 0.0018 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Biotechnology Letters → Version 1 posted Reviewers invited by journal 21 Mar, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2021 First submitted to journal 13 Mar, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-326872","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":18025962,"identity":"6ae5a647-e7bd-4be4-8fe9-e424c7e47ac1","order_by":0,"name":"He Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dalian University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"He","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":18025963,"identity":"1bb30ea5-a907-42c9-a6f1-f768cce46e06","order_by":1,"name":"Zheng Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dalian University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":18025964,"identity":"069b00ef-7842-4610-b09a-9884c6b0e40f","order_by":2,"name":"jun yang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYILcdwHEwzE6/FmOEwmE2EFhhIbCBaC/OM3GMSP3fUpvcd5jF/wFBhndjAfvYAfofNyEuT7D1zPHfmYR7DBoYz6YkNPHkJBLTkmEnwth3L3QDSwth2OLFBgseAoBbJv23H0g3AWv4RqUWat60mAaKlgRgtPW+MrWXbDhjOPMxWOCPhWLpxG08Ofi2G7TmGN9+21cnzHW/e8OFDjbVsP/sZAloaGFgkGIDxCAYJQMyGVz0QyAOj5gMDQx0hdaNgFIyCUTCSAQCtO0cFWkGDQAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-3099","institution":"Dalian University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"jun","middleName":"","lastName":"yang","suffix":""},{"id":18025965,"identity":"2c7a9cc9-fb5c-4bbd-b79a-7cf3adb980a4","order_by":3,"name":"Wanyu Zang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dalian University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wanyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zang","suffix":""},{"id":18025966,"identity":"a35ed10a-9601-4238-8935-43e8653457e6","order_by":4,"name":"Qing Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dalian University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qing","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-03-13 21:30:45","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-326872/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-326872/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03163-5","type":"published","date":"2021-07-18T15:03:15+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":7396946,"identity":"5927d251-b63a-4747-bfea-40fcf8d66d45","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-26 20:58:23","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1500405,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Infrared spectra of 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres and unloaded gelatin\nmicrospheres in the range of 700–950 cm-1","description":"","filename":"Fig.1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-326872/v1/f3d7fb4af32b20d37d2d5ee7.jpg"},{"id":7396947,"identity":"d163621d-a659-4ef1-9e13-6a827f4524f1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-26 20:58:23","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1710979,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"SEM images of (a) unloaded and (b) 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres","description":"","filename":"Fig.2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-326872/v1/3eef2b30bdff335abca9ba02.jpg"},{"id":7396949,"identity":"ac81bd47-63bd-4fd6-8f96-685ee331ae4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-26 20:58:23","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1861677,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Sustained release curves of (a) 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres (2-GM), (b)\n2,4-D Na-3% NH4HCO3-loaded gelatin microspheres (2-3% N-GM), and (c) 2,4-D Na- 6% NH4HCO3-loaded gelatin microspheres (2-6% N-GM) at 25, 35, and 45°C. (d) Release curves of different materials at 35°C","description":"","filename":"Fig.3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-326872/v1/bec9e2852e0f67a0839964e0.jpg"},{"id":7396948,"identity":"46415415-990c-4e5e-837e-c5d9345df8c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-26 20:58:23","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6457411,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Inhibitoryeffects of the tested formulations on cucumber seedlings at 33°C after (a)\n1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5 days of treatment.The numbers①–④refer to different groups.\nGroup 1 is blank control; Groups 2, 3 and 4 are treated with 2,4-D Na-, 2,4-D Na-3%\nNH4HCO3 and 2,4-D Na-6% NH4HCO3-loaded gelatin microspheres, respectively","description":"","filename":"Fig.4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-326872/v1/c39b41b7385bb6dae6b34610.jpg"},{"id":13682481,"identity":"95bc7e93-8f40-4160-b86c-f6228c01b693","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 11:57:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":764904,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-326872/v1/4f50f8e9-4536-442d-a59e-eaeea3686aca.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFabrication of Gelatin Microspheres 1 Containing Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate for the Tunable Release of Herbicide\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full-Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u0026nbsp;Average particle sizes of unloaded and 2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"166\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGelatin microspheres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"166\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticle size (\u0026mu;m)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e253.61 \u0026plusmn; 11.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e525.49 \u0026plusmn; 18.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u0026nbsp;Drug loading capacity and embedding ratio of microspheres with different concentrations of\u0026nbsp;NH4HCO3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"224\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,4-D Na-loaded gelatin microspheres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,4-D Na-3%NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eHCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-loaded gelatin microspheres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,4-D Na-6%NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eHCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-loaded gelatin microspheres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"224\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrug loading capacity (mg/g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e77.95 \u0026plusmn; 2.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.96 \u0026plusmn; 1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e39.1 \u0026plusmn; 1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"224\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedding ratio (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.76 \u0026plusmn; 2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e37.88 \u0026plusmn; 1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e36.4 \u0026plusmn; 1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u0026nbsp;Rootlength and weight on the 5th day.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroup 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroup 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroup 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"109\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroup 4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRoot length (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.32 \u0026plusmn; 0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.81 \u0026plusmn; 0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.39 \u0026plusmn; 0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"109\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.23 \u0026plusmn; 0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeight (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.29 \u0026plusmn; 0.0200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.16 \u0026plusmn; 0.0049\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09 \u0026plusmn; 0.0052\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"109\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.06 \u0026plusmn; 0.0018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"biotechnology-letters","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bile","sideBox":"Learn more about [Biotechnology Letters](https://www.springer.com/journal/10529)","snPcode":"10529","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10529/3","title":"Biotechnology Letters","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"gelatin microspheres, controlled release, temperature responsive, NH4HCO3, herbicide","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-326872/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-326872/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The major challenge in utilizing pesticides lies in identifying the precise application that would improve the efficiency of these pesticides and reduce their environmental and health hazards at the same time. Such application requires the development of specific formulations that enable controlled, stimuli-responsive release of the pesticides. Gelatin is a relatively cheap material characterized by temperature-sensitivity and abundant amino acid groups, which makes it suitable for the storage and controlled release of pesticides. In this study, gelatin microspheres were prepared by emulsion and cross-linking, then they were loaded with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium (2,4-D Na) as a model herbicide. To achieve temperature-tunable release of 2,4-D Na from the microspheres, NH4HCO3 was added to the formulations at different concentrations. The prepared formulations were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and size distribution analyses, and their drug loading capacities were determined. Based on bioassay experiments, the 2,4-D Na-NH4HCO3-loaded gelatin microspheres can effectively control the spread of dicotyledonous weeds. Therefore, the strategy proposed herein can be used to develop novel, effective herbicide formulations.","manuscriptTitle":"Fabrication of Gelatin Microspheres 1 Containing Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate for the Tunable Release of Herbicide","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-03-26 20:55:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-326872/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-03-22T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Biotechnology Letters","date":"2021-03-13T06:54:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"biotechnology-letters","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bile","sideBox":"Learn more about [Biotechnology Letters](https://www.springer.com/journal/10529)","snPcode":"10529","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10529/3","title":"Biotechnology Letters","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"486003cb-5019-4562-b7ca-5dc3c686cab1","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 26th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":3249429,"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-22T15:32:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-326872","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03163-5","journal":{"identity":"biotechnology-letters","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Biotechnology Letters"},"publishedOn":"2021-07-18 15:03:15","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 18th, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-03-26 20:55:21","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10529-021-03163-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03163-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-326872","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-326872","identity":"rs-326872","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}