Optimizing Dual Wideband Microstrip Bandpass Filters: A Genetic Algorithm Approach with Transmission Line Modelling

Optimizing Dual Wideband Microstrip Bandpass Filters: A Genetic Algorithm Approach with Transmission Line Modelling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimizing Dual Wideband Microstrip Bandpass Filters: A Genetic Algorithm Approach with Transmission Line Modelling Aditya Singh, Ritika Singh, Ashok Jangid This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6107566/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper provides a framework for an intelligent design methodology for a dual-band bandpass filter (DB-BPF), utilising a modified genetic algorithm (GA) approach for enhanced efficiency and accuracy over traditional GA techniques. In this design, the electrical parameters optimized using a variation of conventional GA. To expedite and refine the optimisation process, a transmission line model is employed to compute the fitness values during the GA process. For demonstrating the utility of the method, a dual-band bandpass filter with frequencies 2.2 GHz and 5 GHz (fractional bandwidth 63.6% and 36% respectively achieved) has been designed. The optimized design is confirmed using full-wave methods such as the Method of Moments (MoM) and electromagnetic (EM) simulation via CST software. The prototype circuit size of the dual-band bandpass filter is only about 0.34λg × 0.20λg. The predicted and simulated results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating high efficiency and superior in-band and out-of-band performance. Electrical Engineering Computational Physics Wideband microstrip filters genetic algorithm dual-band bandpass filter optimization Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6107566","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":420886938,"identity":"83f254b0-673c-4f57-827c-f017b4c4069d","order_by":0,"name":"Aditya Singh","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0900-4992","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aditya","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":420889443,"identity":"9e8a6703-1e23-4bdf-84ec-17368217c6f7","order_by":1,"name":"Ritika Singh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgaGgw0MEnKM/c0HH3xgY+ABiybg1cIM0mJhzDzjWLLhDKK0AK1hbGCoSGxvyDGT5mEjwl3m7fwHD86okUjsbThjJm1TZiPDwH74AcPDHbi1yBwGOmzDMQnjmc1txdY559J4GHjSDBgSz+DWIgHyywM2CdmNDYc33s5tOwz0Sw4DQ2IbIS3/JBj3H0gwkLZs+8/DwP+GCC0b2yQUGxtSjKQZ2w7wMEgQtsXg4Mw+CWNGUCD3nEvmYZN4ZnAArxb+g48/9nyrg0TljzI7e37+5IcPf+LRgglAUXOAFA2jYBSMglEwCjABAPdnUApuRqqOAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-8619","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ritika","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":420889444,"identity":"0bbacb89-a32c-4d52-a8b7-de2c79ac820a","order_by":2,"name":"Ashok Jangid","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7278-3739","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ashok","middleName":"","lastName":"Jangid","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-25 18:17:57","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6107566/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6107566/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77316549,"identity":"24b3d817-2b8f-4bb4-b829-7d7bebb4cc92","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-27 10:52:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":576688,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DualBandBandpassFilter2.5and5GHz.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6107566/v1_covered_7f452313-ad7c-43f5-ae2b-2d38a7bc0b59.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimizing Dual Wideband Microstrip Bandpass Filters: A Genetic Algorithm Approach with Transmission Line Modelling\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Wideband, microstrip filters, genetic algorithm dual-band bandpass filter, optimization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6107566/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6107566/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper provides a framework for an intelligent design methodology for a dual-band bandpass filter (DB-BPF), utilising a modified genetic algorithm (GA) approach for enhanced efficiency and accuracy over traditional GA techniques. In this design, the electrical parameters optimized using a variation of conventional GA. To expedite and refine the optimisation process, a transmission line model is employed to compute the fitness values during the GA process. For demonstrating the utility of the method, a dual-band bandpass filter with frequencies 2.2 GHz and 5 GHz (fractional bandwidth 63.6% and 36% respectively achieved) has been designed. The optimized design is confirmed using full-wave methods such as the Method of Moments (MoM) and electromagnetic (EM) simulation via CST software. The prototype circuit size of the dual-band bandpass filter is only about 0.34λg \u0026times; 0.20λg. 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