Electric field observed during disappearance of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance at midlatitude

Electric field observed during disappearance of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance at midlatitude | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Electric field observed during disappearance of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance at midlatitude Miyuki Matsuyama, Keigo Ishisaka, Mamoru Yamamoto, Tatsuhiro Yokoyama, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252562/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The S-520-27 sounding rocket was launched from the Uchinoura Space Center in Kagoshima, Japan at 23:57 JST on July 20, 2013. This sounding rocket was launched to verify the hypothesis of the nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) generation mechanism, in which electromagnetic interaction in the ionospheric E and F regions is thought to play an important role. The detrended total electron content (dTEC) map identified the MSTID structure as a northwest – southeast band structure at the time of the rocket launch. This band structure disappeared 30 min after launch, indicating that the rocket was observing the disappearance process of MSTID. The wavefront direction was assumed to be 164.90 ° in azimuth from the dTEC map. The electric field detector on board the rocket observed low-frequency electric fields from DC to 50 Hz in situ. The obtained data were analyzed, and the detrend electric field was derived. The electric field was analyzed by decomposing the MSTID into components perpendicular and parallel to the wavefront. In the low-plasma-density region, the perpendicular and parallel components of the electric field are southwestward and northwestward, respectively. Conversely, in the-high-plasma-density region, the perpendicular and parallel components are the northeastward and southeastward, respectively. These electric fields generated the E × B drift in the equalization direction of the Pedersen conductance gradient of the MSTID. The results show that the electric field played an important role in the disappearance of the MSTID. Ionosphere Sounding Rocket MSTID and Electric Field Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Full Text Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.png Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4252562","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":297251572,"identity":"fe7b23ac-153f-48ae-ad65-929da935b16e","order_by":0,"name":"Miyuki Matsuyama","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-9732","institution":"Toyama Prefectural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miyuki","middleName":"","lastName":"Matsuyama","suffix":""},{"id":297251573,"identity":"9b2740cb-4243-4a3e-a2fa-30911734c7c1","order_by":1,"name":"Keigo Ishisaka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Toyama Prefectural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Keigo","middleName":"","lastName":"Ishisaka","suffix":""},{"id":297251574,"identity":"0019b2f8-3343-4655-9914-a52ba5ac2cea","order_by":2,"name":"Mamoru Yamamoto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamoru","middleName":"","lastName":"Yamamoto","suffix":""},{"id":297251575,"identity":"d83663df-6fd4-4709-a445-3d6e1e5faa21","order_by":3,"name":"Tatsuhiro Yokoyama","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tatsuhiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Yokoyama","suffix":""},{"id":297251576,"identity":"9f332aea-1028-448b-83fc-a4ea6ddf4e4a","order_by":4,"name":"Susumu Saito","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Electronic Navigation Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Susumu","middleName":"","lastName":"Saito","suffix":""},{"id":297251577,"identity":"349a59cb-ffa7-45b4-b8cc-a839cd3411a1","order_by":5,"name":"Atsushi Kumamoto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Atsushi","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumamoto","suffix":""},{"id":297251578,"identity":"ad09120e-b34f-4ba8-bc26-22d27f1660d8","order_by":6,"name":"Makoto Tanaka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokai University: Tokai Daigaku","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Makoto","middleName":"","lastName":"Tanaka","suffix":""},{"id":297251579,"identity":"65c3ecb9-3fc7-41b3-985d-b96429bb3989","order_by":7,"name":"Takumi Abe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"JAXA ISAS: Uchu Koku Kenkyu Kaihatsu Kiko Uchu Kagaku Kenkyujo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takumi","middleName":"","lastName":"Abe","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-11 12:56:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252562/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252562/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56034477,"identity":"c38e9186-c117-4f60-b08e-874e3f2d96c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30738,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAltitude profile of the Pedersen conductivity. The left and right diagrams are the Pedersen conductivity and the difference in Pedersen conductivity between the upleg and downleg, respectively. In the left diagram, the blue line is the upleg, and the green line is the downleg.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/1c9725ed1e4a141ae1e22102.png"},{"id":56034478,"identity":"9d14b4cc-d5f9-4012-9ded-4d831ac90c43","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMap of dTEC at the launch. The color scale is the dTEC projected at 280 km. The white point and the black line represent the rocket launch site and the trajectory of the rocket, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/2e320945953cfa56d711b16a.png"},{"id":56034474,"identity":"a666e2bc-8f38-4020-99a7-65f08be5bcc4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:34","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":116247,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTime variation of dTEC. From left to right, it is at 23:55 (just before launch), 24:15 (15 min after launch) and 24:30 (30 min after launch) JST.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/c6f6d5c42201dd61b8a3ebb9.png"},{"id":56034476,"identity":"fd1c69d5-3a25-4510-99e6-4ac7c826ebd4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:34","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27674,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTwo-tone dTEC map. The red and blue areas indicate positive and negative dTEC, respectively. The wavefront seen by this is indicated by the green line. The azimuth angle of the MSTID wavefront is 164.90 °.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/1cb6c90661077bd298f914e6.png"},{"id":56035317,"identity":"1973e925-24ed-43cb-8451-3dc6c2f6c402","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:37:34","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44038,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRaw data of electric field from 280 s to 286 s after launch. The top and bottom panels show EFD-X and EFD-Y, respectively. The black lines represent the observed electric field, and the red lines represent the induced electric field.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/1ec9c93fc67aa81d49d38eb5.png"},{"id":56034481,"identity":"6576033d-49da-46ff-b9d0-a5e9fe2bd47b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30548,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTrajectory of the S-520-27 sounding rocket. The black line and the blue line represent the rocket trajectory and the trajectory projected at altitude of 280 km, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/94a76e47e72c86755002ff8b.png"},{"id":56034485,"identity":"a4a541f3-a499-4898-a53c-ba9098fe93c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":50536,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVariation component of the natural electric field. The horizontal and the vertical axes represent the time after launch and the electric field, respectively. The top and bottom panels show the electric field of the zonal component (Ex) and the electric field of the meridional component (Ey) of the geomagnetic orthogonal coordinate system, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/084b715e6dd6bdd8d725dc75.png"},{"id":56034479,"identity":"73b72c12-91e8-4ae5-a841-7b5cae765651","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":40502,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVariation component of the natural electric field vectors on the dTEC map. The blue line and the black arrows indicate the trajectory projected at an altitude of 280 km and the electric field vectors, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/cab3b0668706d4ef4075d7d5.png"},{"id":56034483,"identity":"c5463983-73c1-4535-a880-60eb4b2083c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49263,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTime variation of the detrended natural electric field at the wavefront geomagnetic orthogonal coordinate system. The top and bottom panels show E\u003csub\u003eperp\u003c/sub\u003e and E\u003csub\u003epara\u003c/sub\u003e, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/2f1bba432a192b779f1d64f3.png"},{"id":56035318,"identity":"bad64749-0c6c-4182-b9f4-be4b88464ac0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:37:35","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":70814,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDecomposed electric field vector on the dTEC map from 95 s to 380 s after launch. The left and right panels are the perpendicular component and the parallel component from the wavefront, respectively. The blue line and black arrows indicate the trajectory projected at an altitude of 280 km and the detrended electric field vectors, respectively. The dashed line indicates the wavefront.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/d9efd8bdb006bd2e70e956f7.png"},{"id":56034480,"identity":"8809e096-0def-450b-a210-955834885277","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37158,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSchematic illustration of the electric field and MSTID. The blue areas, the red area, and the black arrows represent the low dTEC region, the high dTEC region, and the observed electric field direction, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/93bf48bbd66340cb25d2bf39.png"},{"id":73717854,"identity":"984b0efb-c62e-4d66-bb51-bd4aa6756779","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-14 01:34:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":487819,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"eps20240328submit.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1_covered_fa654bfe-c13a-4781-89b3-9971435cd20f.pdf"},{"id":56034486,"identity":"cae6e8f6-abc0-4581-9660-9750ca832348","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-07 18:29:35","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":77802,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4252562/v1/538a02119940f58f984286a0.png"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Electric field observed during disappearance of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance at midlatitude","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ionosphere, Sounding Rocket, MSTID and Electric Field","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252562/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252562/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The S-520-27 sounding rocket was launched from the Uchinoura Space Center in Kagoshima, Japan at 23:57 JST on July 20, 2013. This sounding rocket was launched to verify the hypothesis of the nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) generation mechanism, in which electromagnetic interaction in the ionospheric E and F regions is thought to play an important role. The detrended total electron content (dTEC) map identified the MSTID structure as a northwest – southeast band structure at the time of the rocket launch. This band structure disappeared 30 min after launch, indicating that the rocket was observing the disappearance process of MSTID. The wavefront direction was assumed to be 164.90 ° in azimuth from the dTEC map. The electric field detector on board the rocket observed low-frequency electric fields from DC to 50 Hz in situ. The obtained data were analyzed, and the detrend electric field was derived. The electric field was analyzed by decomposing the MSTID into components perpendicular and parallel to the wavefront. In the low-plasma-density region, the perpendicular and parallel components of the electric field are southwestward and northwestward, respectively. Conversely, in the-high-plasma-density region, the perpendicular and parallel components are the northeastward and southeastward, respectively. These electric fields generated the E × B drift in the equalization direction of the Pedersen conductance gradient of the MSTID. The results show that the electric field played an important role in the disappearance of the MSTID.","manuscriptTitle":"Electric field observed during disappearance of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance at midlatitude","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-07 18:29:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252562/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"57fa9820-9936-4a7a-9dd5-744bc1d94e65","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 7th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-14T01:26:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-07 18:29:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4252562","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4252562","identity":"rs-4252562","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}