Associations of Women’s Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence with Mental Health Among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh

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Methods This study analyzed cross-sectional data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 of 18,987 ever-married women aged 15–49 years with complete mental health, IPV, and empowerment data. Depression and anxiety were assessed by PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Survey-weighted binary logistic regression analyses were applied to analyze odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with stratification by residence, wealth, and religion. Results Women who justified IPV had marginally higher depression (5.5% vs 4.7%) and anxiety (4.9% vs 4.0%) prevalence, whereas empowerment was associated with marginally higher anxiety (4.4% vs 3.0%) but not depression. Multivariable analyses further revealed that empowerment was independently associated with anxiety (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14–1.70, p = 0.001), but IPV justification was not significant in the adjusted model. Multiparity, age, pressure to conceive, and improved education of fathers and women were also important determinants. Division -wise geospatial mapping revealed the highest rates of anxiety in Khulna (37.9%), Rangpur (37.4%), and Barisal (37.1%), and the lowest in Rajshahi (35.2%) and Dhaka (35.9%). Additionally, Rangpur (38.6%) and Khulna (38.6%) reveal the highest depression symptoms. Conclusions These findings highlight the mental health implications of empowerment and the need for context-specific policies to support women's mental health in Bangladesh. IPV Empowerment Anxiety Depression Spatial Stratified Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Introduction The World Health Organization describes mental health as an existence of well-being in which individuals can realize their potential, attain a normal state of function, work effectively, and be useful to their community( 1 , 2 ). Although mental health is the foundation of general health, it is underemphasized, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resource limitations, sociocultural stigma, and insufficient policy focus hamper prevention and care( 3 ). Women worldwide experience increased levels of depression and anxiety compared to men, and reproductive-age women in LMICs are subjected to increased risks as a result of persisting gender inequalities( 4 , 5 ). Research places women in these settings approximately twice as vulnerable to experiencing frequent mental disorders, commonly triggered or exacerbated by poverty, poor education, limited autonomy, and violence against women. However, mental health services remain underdeveloped and underutilized, and most LMICs allocate less than 2% of the healthcare budget to mental health( 6 , 7 ). In Bangladesh, a South Asian lower-middle-income nation, mental health is an emerging public health problem, particularly among women. Traditional gender roles, early marriage, high fertility, and socio-economic dependence limit women's agency and expose them to prolonged stressors ( 8 , 9 ). Data suggest that depression and anxiety symptoms are prevalent but never diagnosed or treated( 10 – 12 ). Stigma associated with mental health, combined with the lack of mental health professionals, is a gigantic barrier to care. According to the 2019 WHO Mental Health Atlas, Bangladesh had fewer than 1 psychiatrist per 100,000 population, with no formal mental health integration into primary care of the main social determinants of women's mental health are empowerment and intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure ( 13 , 14 ). Women's empowerment in a general sense, strategic life choice-making ability has been associated with reduced psychological distress through encouraging greater autonomy, resilience, and self-efficacy( 15 , 16 ). Empowered women will most likely exercise greater capacity to access resources, obtain help, and manage household stress ( 17 , 18 ). IPV, in the form of physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence, is a well-known risk factor for depression and anxiety. In Bangladesh, nearly half of ever-married women have ever experienced lifetime IPV exposure, with most of them internalizing the reason for such IPV due to deeply entrenched patriarchal norms. Although mounting evidence has examined either the health-protective effect of empowerment or the detrimental effect of IPV on mental health, few studies have considered their combined and interactive impacts. Furthermore, little is known about how these associations vary by significant sociodemographic contexts such as rural versus urban residence, wealth quintiles, and religious practice. Women who reside in poverty-stricken or rural settings may be subjected to increased limitations in empowerment, utilization of fewer support systems, and increased susceptibility to both IPV and mental health. Religious perceptions and social values also influence perceptions regarding both violence and mental illness and thereby influence help-seeking and psychological outcomes ( 19 ). Prior research based on previous versions of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) has previously treated women's empowerment and IPV separately, and without using validated measures of mental illness or stratified analysis( 20 , 21 ). The 2022 BDHS, in contrast, now has available for the first time the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), providing a novel chance to study mental health in a systematic way at the population level. This main objective of this study is to assess the association Bangladeshi ever- married women’s aged 15–49 years mental health, measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7 with two key exposures: women's empowerment and IPV acceptance. Additional objective of this investigation is geospatial variation of the mental health indicators, and stratified analysis in order to explore how such relationships differ across rural–urban residence, household wealth quintiles, and religious affiliation. Methodology Data source This analysis used cross sectional secondary data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022. This secondary data under the authority of the National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) (https://www.niport.gov.bd), with the assistance of the https://dhsprogram.com/data/dataset/Bangladesh_Standard-DHS_2022.cfm?flag=0 . The BDHS is conducted as a subsidiary of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Programmed which is the result of funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It has been carried out in over ninety low to middle income countries (USAID, 2023)(12). For spatial analysis this study used dataset from these sources: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-bgd . Study Design Theis study design employed a rigorous two-stage stratified sampling design based on the 2011 Bangladesh population census conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. It was done in two stages. In the first stage, 675 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to size. In the second stage, an average of 45 households per EA was selected systematically. Eligible women aged 15–49 years were listed for individual interviews in these households. In the chosen households, 30 were administered the long questionnaire, which consisted of health, intimate partner violence (IPV), and empowerment modules, while 15 were administered a short version of the survey. Study Population Out of 30,330 selected households, 30,149 were inhabited and successful interviews were conducted in 30,018 households, which resulted in a household response rate of 99.6%. In these households, 30,358 ever-married women in the age group 15–49 years were eligible for the individual interview, out of which 30,078 were interviewed (response rate: 99.1%). Analytical Sample For the present study, we have included ever-married women with complete data on IPV and women's empowerment indicators (N = 28,537). Among them, 9,550 women were excluded due to missing data on mental health indicators. The final analytical sample was 18,987 women with complete data on mental health, IPV, and empowerment indicators. This subsample was considered for all subsequent regression analyses, where mental health was the outcome of interest and IPV and empowerment were primary exposures. Outcome Variables The primary outcomes were binary indicators of depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores ≥10 categorized as "Yes", and <10 as "No." Additionally, anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, with scores ≥10 classified as "Yes”, and <10 as "No” (22). Exposure Variable Two key measures of exposure were tested. Empowerment among women was measured using a composite indicator constructed from five areas of household decision-making: health care for self, major household purchases, personal finance, visits to relatives or family, and use of contraception. For every one of these areas, respondents were considered empowered if the decision was made by the woman on her own or with her partner. Summative empowerment score was calculated (range 0–5), where women with ≥3 were considered empowered and ≤2 were not empowered. Intimate partner violence (IPV) validation was measured in the form of respondents' agreement or disagreement with five standardized items, which were derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Women were asked if a husband is entitled to beat his wife under specific circumstances, including: going out of the house without informing him, not taking care of the children, arguing with him, refusing to have sex, and ruining food. One or more of justification agreed with was termed justifying IPV; otherwise, women were placed in the not justifying IPV group. "Don't know" answers were treated as missing. Covariates Several of the sociodemographic, reproductive, domestic, and media-related variables were incorporated into the analysis. Some variables were used directly from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), with some being recoded or constructed to enhance theoretical relevance and interpretability. Religion was divided into Muslim and non-Muslim categories, with all non-dominant religions and "other/unsure" answers categorized as non-Muslim. Household wealth was categorized into three strata poor, middle class, and rich based on the DHS wealth quintiles, combining the poorest and poorer quintiles as poor, the middle quintile as middle class, and the richer and richest quintiles combined as rich. Household size was categorized as small (1–3 members) or large (four or more members). The education level of women was categorized into three: no or primary education, incomplete secondary education, and secondary education and more. The surviving children were categorized as none, one to two, and three or more. Fertility desires of the husband were also dichotomized as whether the husband desires the same or higher numbers of children or fewer children. Control over decision making regarding use of contraceptives was illustrated as a dummy variable that distinguished between decisions made by the respondent and others alone versus the respondent and others together. Availability of new electronic technologies was measured through a composite indicator based on ownership of electronic items such as a radio, television, mobile phone, and smartphone in the household. The index also divided into no, moderate, and high levels of ownership. Media exposure was captured by the self-reported number of exposures to radio, reading newspapers, and TV viewing by the respondents. All of these media types were rated on an ordinal scale: 0 for "not at all," 1 for "less than once a week," and 2 for "at least once a week." The ratings were summed to create a composite media use index from 0 to 6, and this was coded into three levels: no exposure (score = 0), moderate exposure (score 1–2), and high exposure (score > 2). Selection of Confounder The mechanism of selection and identification of potential confounders for apply in adjusted model in analysis. The process of confounder selection applied statistical testing and conceptual analysis in determining the validity and robustness of the adjusted model. The DAG informed selection of a minimally sufficient adjustment set to estimate the direct effect of IPV and women empowerment on mental health while avoiding collider bias and overadjustment ( Figure 1 ). Step 1: Bivariate Analysis to Find Potential Confounder This investigation basically used chi-square tests to assess the association between the two categorical variables. Then if P value of less than 0.25, it will be considered suggestive of association between outcome variables and other covariates. Step 2: Stepwise, conceptually and statistically model selection This study uses a stepwise model selection process; covariates were adjusted into the final model based on the variables with p < 0.25 using a univariate analysis. At each step, addition of one variable was evaluated on: its p-value, the odds ratio (OR) changes in the estimator (CIE), model fit statistics, i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)(23,24). Model assumption: After stepwise of model development, Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was employed to assess goodness of fit of the model and an insignificant p-value reflected good fit. Finally, variance inflation factors (VIFs) were applied to evaluate the multicollinearity and a VIF > 10 highlights collinearity problems in the model. Statistical Analysis A stepwise systematic strategy was employed to develop multivariable logistic regression models that assessed the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV), women's empowerment, and mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety). The models were progressively controlled for the relevant sociodemographic, reproductive, household, and empowerment covariates in a bid to establish the most explanatory yet parsimonious model. Model choice was informed by comparative examination of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and multicollinearity diagnostics using variance inflation factors (VIF). The VIF values of all models were well below the conventional 10 cutoff, and therefore, no substantial collinearity of predictors. Five nested depression models (M1 to M5) were compared. Model 3 (M3) had the best model fit - parsimony trade-off, AIC = 7167.3, BIC = 7371.5, mean VIF = 2.02, and had a better performance compared to earlier models. Although Model 5 (M5), which included more empowerment variables, had a slightly higher log-likelihood, its greater complexity was not justified due to a higher BIC (7445.4). For anxiety, previous model comparisons favored M3 (AIC 6351.3; BIC 6484.8), and an even more complete model with IPV and empowerment variables (M5) increased fit further (AIC 6318.3; BIC 6593.1). All of the statistical analyses were conducted in Stata software version 17 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) to enable appropriate control of the intricate survey design, i.e., sampling weights, clustering, and stratification. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, and testing for multicollinearity were performed using Stata to enable method consistency and reproducibility. To graphically highlights the methodology a flowchart was created using R Studio version 4.3.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results Among the women who did not support IPV, 96.0% were free from anxiety and 95.3% were free from depression, whereas 4.0% and 4.7% were anxious and depressed, respectively. In women who supported IPV, there was a slightly higher rate of symptoms, with 95.1% free from anxiety and 94.5% free from depression, and 4.9% and 5.5% being anxious and depressed, respectively. By empowerment status, 97.0% of non-empowered women had no symptoms of anxiety compared to 95.6% of empowered women; prevalence of anxiety was 3.0% and 4.4%. For depression, 95.8% of the non-empowered and 95.0% of the empowered women did not have symptoms, while 4.2% and 5.0%, respectively, had depression ( Figure 2 ). Women who justified intimate partner violence and those with low empowerment reported higher prevalence of both conditions, while higher education in women and fathers was strongly protective (p<0·001). Mental health indicators rose with age (35–49 years), parity (≥3 children), and recent menstruation and pressure to conceive (all p<0·001). Regional disparities were evident across divisions (p<0·001), with poorer wealth status and Muslim affiliation also linked to elevated risk. In contrast, variables such as household size, sex of household head, and current work status were not significantly associated with anxiety or depression ( see Supplementary Table S1 ). Women who justified IPV had higher chances of anxiety (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99–1.54; p=0.056) and depression (OR 1.20, 0.96–1.51), though statistically significant at only marginal levels. Similarly, empowered women had slightly higher chances of anxiety (OR 1.23, 0.96–1.58) than their less empowered counterparts, suggesting a possible psychosocial cost of empowerment. Age had a graded effect: in comparison to women aged 15–19 years, women aged 45–49 years had almost twice the odds of depression (OR 1.91, 1.35–2.72) and more than 2.5 times the odds of anxiety (OR 2.66, 1.68–4.21). Education was protective, with women who had completed secondary school or above having a 48% reduced risk of depression and a 53% reduced risk of anxiety. Multiparity (3 or more children), pregnancy coercion, and serial relationships all evidenced higher mental health burden. Women who reported being coerced into becoming pregnant had significantly elevated risks of both depression (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.43–4.52) and anxiety (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.17–4.25), representing significant psychological cost resulting from lack of control over reproductive decision-making. Regional and socio-economic inequalities emerged: women in Rangpur and Muslims had much increased odds for depression, while lower wealth and lower paternal education were associated with poorer outcomes ( Table 1 ). Among 18,987 ever-married women, crude models indicated empowerment was not significantly associated with depression (OR=1.039; 95% CI: 0.846–1.275), or with justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) (OR=1.201; 0.959–1.505). These associations persisted in fully adjusted models: empowerment (aOR=1.048; 0.828–1.326; p=0.697) and IPV justification (aOR=1.082; 0.895–1.310; p=0.415) were non-significant. Conversely, anxiety was strongly related to empowerment: the crude odds were highly significant (OR=1.485; 1.231–1.792; p<0.001), and this was maintained after adjustment (aOR=1.387; 1.135–1.695; p=0.001). Justification of IPV was borderline significantly associated with anxiety in the unadjusted model (OR=1.243; 1.019–1.515), but this was attenuated to a non-significant effect after adjustment (aOR=1.103; 0.901–1.351; p=0.343). These findings highlight that empowerment is linked to higher symptoms of anxiety independent of confounding sociodemographic, reproductive, or relational factors, yet neither empowerment nor IPV justification independently predict depression ( Table 2 ). For anxiety, urban residence was not associated with higher odds compared to rural areas (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74–1.26, p = 0.800). Justification of IPV was also not significantly associated with anxiety (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.87–1.56, p = 0.228), and urban area living interaction with IPV justification was also not significant (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.51–1.12, p = 0.291). Employment status, a proxy for empowerment, did not correlate significantly with anxiety (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.80–1.56, p = 0.484), and there was no interaction with area of residence. Results for depression were the same as for anxiety. Urban women had the same odds for depression as rural women (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70–1.14, p = 0.417). Neither IPV justification (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.85–1.52, p = 0.338) nor employment (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.81–1.42, p = 0.599) was independently associated with depression, and no interaction effects with urban residence were detected ( Table 3 ). In the full-sample interaction model, IPV justification was borderline associated with increased odds of anxiety (AOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.00–1.89, p = 0.053), though this was not significant. When stratified by wealth, this effect was sustained in the poor women (AOR 1.40, p<0.05), but was abolished in the middle/rich women (AOR 0.93, p = 0.777), indicating effect modification by socioeconomic status. However, the interaction terms of middle-class × IPV justification (AOR 0.67, p = 0.188) and rich × IPV justification (AOR 0.66, p = 0.109) were not statistically significant (p for interaction = 0.189), meaning the differential effect by wealth tertiles was not statistically different. Empowerment (by employment status) was not associated with anxiety in the whole sample (AOR 1.09, p = 0.627). In stratified analyses, empowerment was non-significant among poor women (AOR 1.11, p not given) and had a slightly larger but non-significant association among middle/rich women (AOR 1.53, p = 0.144). Wealth group × empowerment interaction terms were also non-significant (p for interaction = 0.413), suggesting that the effect of empowerment on anxiety was not significantly different by wealth ( Table 4 ). For anxiety, we did observe some indication of a religion and justification interaction. IPV-justifying non-Muslims had a slightly higher predicted probability of anxiety, and Muslims had a slight decrease, though confidence intervals did overlap. For depression, the situation was the same, with IPV justification being linked to a modest increase among non-Muslims but little change for Muslims. By contrast, empowerment had consistent positive associations with depression and anxiety across religions with very similar increments in predicted probabilities, with no significant interaction with religion. Overall, these findings indicate IPV evidence for justification may differ across religions, but empowerment effects on mental health are even-steed irrespective of religion ( Figure 3 ). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms increased from 35.2% to 37.9%. The highest were in Khulna (37.9%), Rangpur (37.4%), and Barisal (37.1%). Additionally, Rajshahi (35.2%) and Dhaka (35.9%). Sylhet (36.7%), Chittagong (36.4%), and Mymensingh (36.0%) had intermediate prevalence ( Figure 4 ). The highest depression prevalence is in the Khulna and Rangpur divisions at 38.6% each, followed closely by Barisal (37.7%) and Sylhet (37.3%). The lowest rates of depression are found in Rajshahi (35.8%), with Dhaka (36.5%), Mymensingh (36.3%), and Chittagong (36.1%) in the moderate category ( Figure 5 ). Discussion Our analysis reveals that empowered Bangladeshi women exhibit marginally higher anxiety symptoms (aOR = 1.387, 95% CI: 1.135–1.695, p = 0.001), but depression remains unaffected (aOR = 1.048, 95% CI: 0.828–1.326, p = 0.697). It means that increased autonomy could have psychosocial costs in patriarchal environments. The same has been replicated in South Asia, where empowerment is noted to increase psychological burden if social support is weak( 25 , 26 ). It brings forward the importance of confronting societal constraints while designing empowerments interventions( 27 ). Women who justified IPV had slightly higher odds of anxiety (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.99–1.54, p = 0.056) and depression (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96–1.51), although the associations were not significant after adjustment. This is in line with evidence that internalized norms can enhance psychological distress( 28 , 29 ). Education was a strong protective factor: secondary or higher education in women was associated with a 48% lower risk of depression and 53% reduced risk of anxiety. Conversely, age (35–49 years), multiparity (≥ 3 children), coercive pregnancy, and social pressure to become pregnant were related to higher mental health burdens, consistent with cumulative stressors based on reproductive role and social pressures. There were regional differences: women in Rangpur and Khulna divisions reported the highest levels of anxiety (37.9% and 37.4%, respectively) and depression (38.6% both). Similarly, lower paternal education and wealth status were linked with increased risks, consistent with earlier studies in Bangladesh( 30 – 34 ). What these results highlight is the overlap between mental health, gender norms, and socioeconomic disadvantage, and that interventions should be locally based ( 35 , 36 ). This study observes some evidence of effect modification: the association between IPV justification and anxiety was more pronounced in poorer women (AOR 1.40, p < 0.05) but less so in middle/rich women, although not statistically significant for interaction terms (p = 0.189). Empowerment impacts on anxiety were relatively consistent across wealth strata and religions, implying that psychosocial impacts of empowerment are general, rather than context-specific ( 37 – 39 ). Our findings accord with prior work in general. Studies in rural South Asia and Bangladesh have identified that IPV and its justification are associated with higher psychological distress( 40 – 42 ). Empowerment has also had varying impacts: while generally positive for health outcomes, it is associated with higher anxiety when social support is low( 43 , 44 ). The current research extends these findings by estimating subgroups' effects across wealth, regional, and religious subgroups and offering contextual information on heterogeneity in mental health outcomes. The findings point towards the importance of multi-level interventions. Mental health interventions must target women at high reproductive and psychosocial stress, particularly multiparous and older women ( 45 , 46 ). Empowerment interventions have to be complemented with family and social support to offset potential psychological burden ( 47 ). Prevention programs must tackle internalized norms and provide safe avenues of reporting and counseling( 22 , 48 ). Overall, this investigation highlights the association of mental health with IPV and women's empowerment with spatial variation. Intervention must adopt a holistic, context-informed approach, integrating empowerment with social support and structural safeguarding. Limitations This study is limited by its cross-sectional design, which prevents causal inference, and by reliance on self-reported measures that may introduce reporting bias. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to clarify causal pathways, explore mechanisms linking empowerment and mental health, and examine interventions that combine empowerment with psychological support. Conclusions This research sheds light on the intricacies of women’s mental health in Bangladesh. Empowerment and employment, perceived as protective, may possess negative psychological impacts when not undergirded by structural systems and culture. We have emphasized the importance of considering women’s social realities, especially in places laden with conventional gender roles, socioeconomic deprivation, and religiosity, while designing diverse, nuanced, multi-dimensional, or context-specific mental health frameworks. Moving forward, interventions ought to expand from empowerment at an individual level to social level counter policies that challenge and stigmatize IPV and support the development of responsive systems in policy and practice. Declarations Ethical clearance This study used secondary data from the BDHS 2022((https://dhsprogram.com) , accessed with permission from The DHS Program. Ethical approval for the survey was obtained by NIPORT, Bangladesh, and ICF Institutional Review Board, USA. All participants provided informed consent. Funding Status No funding for this study. Author Contribution M.O.U. (Mohammad Ohid Ullah) critically revised the manuscript.M.S.M. (MD Salek Miah) conceived the study, performed the data analysis, prepared tables and figures, and drafted the manuscript.Both authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgement We acknowledge The DHS Program for providing access to the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 dataset, which made this study possible. Data Availability The data analyzed in this study are from the publicly available Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 (BDHS 2022). Interested researchers can request access through The DHS Program website: https://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm Clinical trial number: not applicable. References WHO. World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. 2022. WHO. Mental Health in Bangladesh. 2021. Alblooshi S, Taylor M, Gill N. Does menopause elevate the risk for developing depression and anxiety? Results from a systematic review. Australasian Psychiatry. 2023 Apr 1;31(2):165–73. 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Women. 2024 Aug 8;4(3):277–89. Cianconi P, Betrò S, Janiri L. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review. Front Psychiatry. 2020 Mar 6;11. Periyasamy C, Narayanan G, Ezhumalai S. Group intervention for intimate partner violence among female spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome: An open-label, single-group study. Indian J Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 1;67(3):340–5. Istratii R, Ali P. A multi-sectoral evidence synthesis on religious beliefs, intimate partner violence and faith-based interventions [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1305499/v1 Stark L, Seff I, Mutumba M, Fulu E. Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health: Deepening Our Understanding of Associations, Pathways, and Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Vol. 20, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI; 2023. Wollburg C, Steinert JI, Reeves A, Nye E. Do cash transfers alleviate common mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review and metaanalysis. PLoS One. 2023 Feb 1;18(2 February). Flowchart Flowchart 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Tables Table 1 :Survey-weighted associations with anxiety and depression Predictor (Categories) Depression Anxiety OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value IPV Justified Justifies IPV 1 . 20 (0 . 96–1 . 51) 0 . 111 1 . 24 (0 . 99–1 . 54) 0 . 056 ∗ (Ref: No) Employment Level Yes 1 . 04 (0 . 85–1 . 28) 0 . 715 1 . 23 (0 . 96–1 . 58) 0 . 098 ∗ (Ref: No) Women’s Age (years) 20–24 0 . 83 (0 . 58–1 . 17) 0 . 275 1 . 07 (0 . 68–1 . 70) 0 . 766 25–29 1 . 20 (0 . 85–1 . 69) 0 . 297 1 . 41 (0 . 91–2 . 17) 0 . 121 30–34 1 . 36 (0 . 97–1 . 90) 0 . 071 ∗ 1 . 95 (1 . 28–2 . 97) ∗∗ 0 . 002 35–39 1 . 39 (0 . 99–1 . 95) 0 . 054 ∗ 2 . 20 (1 . 46–3 . 32) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 40–44 1 . 42 (1 . 01–2 . 00) ∗ 0 . 044 2 . 25 (1 . 48–3 . 43) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 45–49 1 . 91 (1 . 35–2 . 72) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 2 . 66 (1 . 68–4 . 21) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 (Ref: 15–19) Education Secondary Incomplete 0 . 79 (0 . 67–0 . 93) ∗∗ 0 . 004 0 . 74 (0 . 63–0 . 88) ∗∗ 0 . 001 Secondary+ 0 . 52 (0 . 39–0 . 68) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 0 . 47 (0 . 34–0 . 63) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 (Ref: Primary or less) Number of Children 1–2 0 . 94 (0 . 72–1 . 21) 0 . 625 1 . 06 (0 . 79–1 . 42) 0 . 699 3+ 1 . 33 (1 . 00–1 . 79) 0 . 052 ∗ 1 . 77 (1 . 32–2 . 37) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 (Ref: 0) Currently Pregnant Yes 0 . 99 (0 . 73–1 . 35) 0 . 974 0 . 95 (0 . 67–1 . 35) 0 . 775 (Ref: No) Residing Status With husband/partner 1 . 16 (0 . 93–1 . 45) 0 . 190 1 . 07 (0 . 83–1 . 38) 0 . 601 (Ref: Not residing) Menstruated Last 6 Weeks Yes 0 . 78 (0 . 67–0 . 90) ∗∗ 0 . 001 0 . 74 (0 . 63–0 . 86) ∗∗ 1 1 . 63 (1 . 17–2 . 27) ∗∗ 0 . 004 1 . 14 (0 . 77–1 . 69) 0 . 520 (Ref: 1) Has Health Card Yes 0 . 95 (0 . 49–1 . 84) 0 . 876 0 . 76 (0 . 36–1 . 59) 0 . 460 (Ref: No) Pressure to Get Pregnant Yes 3 . 31 (2 . 43–4 . 52) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 3 . 04 (2 . 17–4 . 25) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 (Ref: No) Husband Prefers Same/More Children Yes 0 . 71 (0 . 49–1 . 03) 0 . 072 ∗ 0 . 67 (0 . 44–1 . 03) 0 . 069 ∗ (Ref: No) Contraceptive Decision Respondent/Joint 1 . 08 (0 . 82–1 . 43) 0 . 587 1 . 23 (0 . 88–1 . 72) 0 . 227 (Ref: Husband/Other) Predictor (Categories) Depression Anxiety OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value Area Rural 1 . 22 (0 . 94–1 . 58) 0 . 127 1 . 14 (0 . 88–1 . 48) 0 . 307 (Ref: Urban) Household Division Chattogram 0 . 90 (0 . 57–1 . 44) 0 . 666 1 . 24 (0 . 76–2 . 03) 0 . 383 Dhaka 0 . 88 (0 . 59–1 . 30) 0 . 513 0 . 86 (0 . 57–1 . 30) 0 . 475 Khulna 1 . 42 (0 . 99–2 . 04) 0 . 058 ∗ 1 . 41 (0 . 93–2 . 14) 0 . 109 Mymensingh 0 . 78 (0 . 53–1 . 15) 0 . 209 0 . 76 (0 . 49–1 . 19) 0 . 234 Rajshahi 0 . 76 (0 . 52–1 . 12) 0 . 160 0 . 69 (0 . 43–1 . 12) 0 . 135 Rangpur 1 . 67 (1 . 14–2 . 44) ∗∗ 0 . 008 1 . 38 (0 . 91–2 . 09) 0 . 128 Sylhet 1 . 33 (0 . 86–2 . 07) 0 . 197 1 . 25 (0 . 81–1 . 92) 0 . 323 (Ref: Barishal) Religion Muslim 1 . 39 (1 . 02–1 . 90) ∗ 0 . 039 1 . 75 (1 . 24–2 . 46) ∗∗ 0 . 002 (Ref: Non-Muslim) Wealth Category Middle Class 1 . 05 (0 . 82–1 . 33) 0 . 700 1 . 02 (0 . 80–1 . 32) 0 . 851 Rich 0 . 80 (0 . 64–0 . 99) ∗ 0 . 036 0 . 90 (0 . 72–1 . 12) 0 . 349 (Ref: Poor) Household Size 4+ members 0 . 86 (0 . 72–1 . 03) 0 . 095 ∗ 0 . 99 (0 . 82–1 . 20) 0 . 930 (Ref: < 4) Household Head Sex Female 0 . 88 (0 . 69–1 . 13) 0 . 321 0 . 94 (0 . 73–1 . 22) 0 . 661 (Ref: Male) Currently Working Yes 1 . 03 (0 . 85–1 . 24) 0 . 772 1 . 06 (0 . 87–1 . 30) 0 . 543 (Ref: No) Father’s Education Primary Incomplete 0 . 67 (0 . 50–0 . 90) ∗∗ 0 . 007 0 . 83 (0 . 64–1 . 08) 0 . 164 Primary Complete 0 . 78 (0 . 60–1 . 02) 0 . 065 ∗ 0 . 70 (0 . 53–0 . 93) ∗ 0 . 014 Secondary Incomplete 0 . 67 (0 . 54–0 . 82) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 0 . 63 (0 . 50–0 . 79) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 Secondary+ 0 . 51 (0 . 39–0 . 67) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 0 . 51 (0 . 39–0 . 67) ∗∗ < 0 . 001 (Ref: No Education) Note: OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; Ref = Reference category ∗ p < 0 . 10, ∗∗ p < 0 . 05 (bold indicates statistical significance) All models are survey-weighted logistic regressions accounting for complex survey design Numbers in parentheses represent 95% confidence intervals Table 2 :Survey-weighted associations of IPV justification and women’s empowerment with anxiety and depression Outcome Exposure (Ref) OR 95% CI aOR 95% CI p-value Depression Empowerment (No) 1.039 [0.846, 1.275] 1.048 [0.828, 1.326] 0.697 Justifies IPV (No) 1.201 [0.959, 1.505] 1.082 [0.895, 1.310] 0.415 Anxiety Empowerment (No) Justifies IPV (No) 1.485 *** [1.231, 1.792] 1.243 * [1.019, 1.515] 1.387 ** [1.135, 1.695] 1.103 [0.901, 1.351] 0.001 *** 0.343 Lists of Confounder: Women age, Women education, Number of children, currently pregnant, residing with husband/partner, menstruated in last 6 weeks, Contraceptive decision, Pressure to become pregnant, Women’s empowerment / ownership level, Wealth category, Household division, Religion, Household size category, Father’s education, Area of residence. Table 3 ::Survey Weighted Depression and Anxiety Stratified by Urban/Rural Residence, Empowerment, and IPV Justification Outcome Variable OR 95% CI p-value Anxiety Urban (Ref: Rural) 0.965 [0.738, 1.262] 0.800 Justifies IPV 1.167 [0.871, 1.563] 0.228 Urban × Justifies IPV 0.753 [0.507, 1.119] 0.291 Employed 1.114 [0.797, 1.558] 0.484 Urban × Employed 1.151 [0.582, 2.277] 0.642 Justifies IPV (Urban only) 1.170 [0.874, 1.567] 0.220 Justifies IPV (Rural only) 0.890 [0.577, 1.372] 0.640 Employed (Urban only) 1.252 [0.660, 2.377] 0.391 Employed (Rural only) 1.125 [0.795, 1.592] 0.456 Depression Urban (Ref: Rural) 0.893 [0.699, 1.141] 0.417 Justifies IPV 1.135 [0.846, 1.523] 0.338 Urban × Justifies IPV 0.755 [0.510, 1.117] 0.289 Employed 1.073 [0.811, 1.420] 0.599 Urban × Employed 0.817 [0.562, 1.188] 0.388 Justifies IPV (Urban only) 1.135 [0.844, 1.526] 0.339 Justifies IPV (Rural only) 0.869 [0.585, 1.291] 0.547 Employed (Urban only) 0.900 [0.603, 1.342] 0.643 Employed (Rural only) 1.069 [0.801, 1.426] 0.625 Note. Stratified analysis based on BDHS 2022 data ( n ≈ 18 , 987). Models estimated using logistic regression. Reference categories are shown in parentheses. Table 4 :Associations of IPV justification and women’s empowerment with anxiety symptoms: logistic regression models stratified by wealth status Interaction Model (Full Sample) AOR 95% CI p-value Poor AOR Stratified Models (Wealth Groups) Middle/Rich AOR p-value IPV Justification Justifies IPV 1.37 [1.00, 1.89] 0.053 1.40* 0.93 0.777 Interaction Terms Middle Class × Justifies IPV 0.67 [0.37, 1.22] 0.188 Rich × Justifies IPV 0.66 [0.39, 1.10] 0.109 p-value for interaction 0.189 Empowerment Status Empowerment 1.09 [0.77, 1.55] 0.627 1.11 1.53 0.144 Interaction Terms Middle Class × Employed 1.42 [0.78, 2.58] 0.247 Rich × Employed 0.95 [0.57, 1.56] 0.827 p-value for interaction 0.413 Note. AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval. All models adjust for age, education, number of children, pregnancy status, residing status, menstruation, contraceptive decision-making, and pressure to be pregnant. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryTableS1.docx flowchart.png Flowchart 1. Conceptual framework of the study Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7473860","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":510328376,"identity":"cafbbbb1-3aea-4777-b150-4b858f223713","order_by":0,"name":"MD Salek Miah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shahjalal University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"MD","middleName":"Salek","lastName":"Miah","suffix":""},{"id":510328377,"identity":"430aea3e-7c5b-45fe-a789-56b5d315e9f0","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Ohid 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15:04:35","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1239715,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCasual Pathway of Outcome and Exposures Variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7473860/v1/3784c9e7ce89608eec5bb1ef.png"},{"id":91102247,"identity":"57dbd6fb-b290-4e07-a4e2-f051bfb43fdc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 14:56:35","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":102925,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMental Health Prevalence by IPV and Women 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4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":196475,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpatial Variation of Anxiety Prevalence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7473860/v1/6d7352131b89687f3538734a.png"},{"id":91102256,"identity":"88e27e43-4758-4af0-a80b-8f465a855060","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 14:56:36","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":169158,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpatial variation of Depression Prevalence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7473860/v1/8971499bc3c376078b7625bf.png"},{"id":104403899,"identity":"c806d334-f09c-49ee-9cc3-60612281d7c1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 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Conceptual framework of the study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"flowchart.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7473860/v1/a827c7642e9aa66b8ffd63c9.png"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Associations of Women’s Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence with Mental Health Among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe World Health Organization describes mental health as an existence of well-being in which individuals can realize their potential, attain a normal state of function, work effectively, and be useful to their community(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Although mental health is the foundation of general health, it is underemphasized, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resource limitations, sociocultural stigma, and insufficient policy focus hamper prevention and care(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen worldwide experience increased levels of depression and anxiety compared to men, and reproductive-age women in LMICs are subjected to increased risks as a result of persisting gender inequalities(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Research places women in these settings approximately twice as vulnerable to experiencing frequent mental disorders, commonly triggered or exacerbated by poverty, poor education, limited autonomy, and violence against women. However, mental health services remain underdeveloped and underutilized, and most LMICs allocate less than 2% of the healthcare budget to mental health(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Bangladesh, a South Asian lower-middle-income nation, mental health is an emerging public health problem, particularly among women. Traditional gender roles, early marriage, high fertility, and socio-economic dependence limit women's agency and expose them to prolonged stressors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Data suggest that depression and anxiety symptoms are prevalent but never diagnosed or treated(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR11\" citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). Stigma associated with mental health, combined with the lack of mental health professionals, is a gigantic barrier to care. According to the 2019 WHO Mental Health Atlas, Bangladesh had fewer than 1 psychiatrist per 100,000 population, with no formal mental health integration into primary care of the main social determinants of women's mental health are empowerment and intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Women's empowerment in a general sense, strategic life choice-making ability has been associated with reduced psychological distress through encouraging greater autonomy, resilience, and self-efficacy(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). Empowered women will most likely exercise greater capacity to access resources, obtain help, and manage household stress (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). IPV, in the form of physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence, is a well-known risk factor for depression and anxiety. In Bangladesh, nearly half of ever-married women have ever experienced lifetime IPV exposure, with most of them internalizing the reason for such IPV due to deeply entrenched patriarchal norms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough mounting evidence has examined either the health-protective effect of empowerment or the detrimental effect of IPV on mental health, few studies have considered their combined and interactive impacts. Furthermore, little is known about how these associations vary by significant sociodemographic contexts such as rural versus urban residence, wealth quintiles, and religious practice. Women who reside in poverty-stricken or rural settings may be subjected to increased limitations in empowerment, utilization of fewer support systems, and increased susceptibility to both IPV and mental health. Religious perceptions and social values also influence perceptions regarding both violence and mental illness and thereby influence help-seeking and psychological outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e). Prior research based on previous versions of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) has previously treated women's empowerment and IPV separately, and without using validated measures of mental illness or stratified analysis(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). The 2022 BDHS, in contrast, now has available for the first time the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), providing a novel chance to study mental health in a systematic way at the population level.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis main objective of this study is to assess the association Bangladeshi ever- married women\u0026rsquo;s aged 15\u0026ndash;49 years mental health, measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7 with two key exposures: women's empowerment and IPV acceptance. Additional objective of this investigation is geospatial variation of the mental health indicators, and stratified analysis in order to explore how such relationships differ across rural\u0026ndash;urban residence, household wealth quintiles, and religious affiliation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData source\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis used cross sectional secondary data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022. \u0026nbsp;This secondary data under the authority of the National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) \u0026nbsp;(https://www.niport.gov.bd), with the assistance of the https://dhsprogram.com/data/dataset/Bangladesh_Standard-DHS_2022.cfm?flag=0 .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe BDHS is conducted as a subsidiary of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Programmed which is the result of funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It has been carried out in over ninety low to middle income countries (USAID, 2023)(12). For spatial analysis this study used dataset from these sources: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-bgd .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheis study design employed a rigorous two-stage stratified sampling design based on the 2011 Bangladesh population census conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. It was done in two stages. In the first stage, 675 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to size. In the second stage, an average of 45 households per EA was selected systematically. Eligible women aged 15\u0026ndash;49 years were listed for individual interviews in these households. In the chosen households, 30 were administered the long questionnaire, which consisted of health, intimate partner violence (IPV), and empowerment modules, while 15 were administered a short version of the survey.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Study Population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Out of 30,330 selected households, 30,149 were inhabited and successful interviews were conducted in 30,018 households, which resulted in a household response rate of 99.6%. In these households, 30,358 ever-married women in the age group 15\u0026ndash;49 years were eligible for the individual interview, out of which 30,078 were interviewed (response rate: 99.1%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalytical Sample\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the present study, we have included ever-married women with complete data on IPV and women\u0026apos;s empowerment indicators (N = 28,537). Among them, 9,550 women were excluded due to missing data on mental health indicators. The final analytical sample was 18,987 women with complete data on mental health, IPV, and empowerment indicators. This subsample was considered for all subsequent regression analyses, where mental health was the outcome of interest and IPV and empowerment were primary exposures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome Variables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary outcomes were binary indicators of depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores \u0026ge;10 categorized as \u0026quot;Yes\u0026quot;, and \u0026lt;10 as \u0026quot;No.\u0026quot; Additionally, anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, with scores \u0026ge;10 classified as \u0026quot;Yes\u0026rdquo;, and \u0026lt;10 as \u0026quot;No\u0026rdquo; \u0026nbsp;(22).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExposure Variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo key measures of exposure were tested. Empowerment among women was measured using a composite indicator constructed from five areas of household decision-making: health care for self, major household purchases, personal finance, visits to relatives or family, and use of contraception. For every one of these areas, respondents were considered empowered if the decision was made by the woman on her own or with her partner. Summative empowerment score was calculated (range 0\u0026ndash;5), where women with \u0026ge;3 were considered empowered and \u0026le;2 were not empowered.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntimate partner violence (IPV) validation was measured in the form of respondents\u0026apos; agreement or disagreement with five standardized items, which were derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Women were asked if a husband is entitled to beat his wife under specific circumstances, including: going out of the house without informing him, not taking care of the children, arguing with him, refusing to have sex, and ruining food. One or more of justification agreed with was termed justifying IPV; otherwise, women were placed in the not justifying IPV group. \u0026quot;Don\u0026apos;t know\u0026quot; answers were treated as missing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCovariates\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the sociodemographic, reproductive, domestic, and media-related variables were incorporated into the analysis. Some variables were used directly from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), with some being recoded or constructed to enhance theoretical relevance and interpretability. Religion was divided into Muslim and non-Muslim categories, with all non-dominant religions and \u0026quot;other/unsure\u0026quot; answers categorized as non-Muslim. Household wealth was categorized into three strata poor, middle class, and rich based on the DHS wealth quintiles, combining the poorest and poorer quintiles as poor, the middle quintile as middle class, and the richer and richest quintiles combined as rich. Household size was categorized as small (1\u0026ndash;3 members) or large (four or more members).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe education level of women was categorized into three: no or primary education, incomplete secondary education, and secondary education and more. The surviving children were categorized as none, one to two, and three or more. Fertility desires of the husband were also dichotomized as whether the husband desires the same or higher numbers of children or fewer children.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eControl over decision making regarding use of contraceptives was illustrated as a dummy variable that distinguished between decisions made by the respondent and others alone versus the respondent and others together. Availability of new electronic technologies was measured through a composite indicator based on ownership of electronic items such as a radio, television, mobile phone, and smartphone in the household. The index also divided into no, moderate, and high levels of ownership. Media exposure was captured by the self-reported number of exposures to radio, reading newspapers, and TV viewing by the respondents. All of these media types were rated on an ordinal scale: 0 for \u0026quot;not at all,\u0026quot; 1 for \u0026quot;less than once a week,\u0026quot; and 2 for \u0026quot;at least once a week.\u0026quot; The ratings were summed to create a composite media use index from 0 to 6, and this was coded into three levels: no exposure (score = 0), moderate exposure (score 1\u0026ndash;2), and high exposure (score \u0026gt; 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection of Confounder\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mechanism of selection and identification of potential confounders for apply in adjusted model in analysis. The process of confounder selection applied statistical testing and conceptual analysis in determining the validity and robustness of the adjusted model. The DAG informed selection of a minimally sufficient adjustment set to estimate the direct effect of IPV and women empowerment on mental health while avoiding collider bias and overadjustment (\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 1\u003c/strong\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Bivariate Analysis to Find Potential Confounder\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis investigation basically used chi-square tests to assess the association between the two categorical variables. Then if P value of less than 0.25, it will be considered suggestive of association between outcome variables and other covariates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Stepwise, conceptually and statistically model selection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study uses a stepwise model selection process; covariates were adjusted into the final model based on the variables with p \u0026lt; 0.25 using a univariate analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt each step, addition of one variable was evaluated on: its p-value, the odds ratio (OR) changes in the estimator (CIE), model fit statistics, i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)(23,24).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModel assumption:\u003c/strong\u003e After stepwise of model development, Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was employed to assess goodness of fit of the model and an insignificant p-value reflected good fit. \u0026nbsp;Finally, variance inflation factors (VIFs) were applied to evaluate the multicollinearity and a VIF \u0026gt; 10 highlights collinearity problems in the model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA stepwise systematic strategy was employed to develop multivariable logistic regression models that assessed the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV), women\u0026apos;s empowerment, and mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety). The models were progressively controlled for the relevant sociodemographic, reproductive, household, and empowerment covariates in a bid to establish the most explanatory yet parsimonious model. Model choice was informed by comparative examination of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and multicollinearity diagnostics using variance inflation factors (VIF). The VIF values of all models were well below the conventional 10 cutoff, and therefore, no substantial collinearity of predictors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFive nested depression models (M1 to M5) were compared. Model 3 (M3) had the best model fit - parsimony trade-off, AIC = 7167.3, BIC = 7371.5, mean VIF = 2.02, and had a better performance compared to earlier models. Although Model 5 (M5), which included more empowerment variables, had a slightly higher log-likelihood, its greater complexity was not justified due to a higher BIC (7445.4). For anxiety, previous model comparisons favored M3 (AIC 6351.3; BIC 6484.8), and an even more complete model with IPV and empowerment variables (M5) increased fit further (AIC 6318.3; BIC 6593.1).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the statistical analyses were conducted in Stata software version 17 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) to enable appropriate control of the intricate survey design, i.e., sampling weights, clustering, and stratification. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, and testing for multicollinearity were performed using Stata to enable method consistency and reproducibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo graphically highlights the methodology a flowchart was created using R Studio version 4.3.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eAmong the women who did not support IPV, 96.0% were free from anxiety and 95.3% were free from depression, whereas 4.0% and 4.7% were anxious and depressed, respectively. In women who supported IPV, there was a slightly higher rate of symptoms, with 95.1% free from anxiety and 94.5% free from depression, and 4.9% and 5.5% being anxious and depressed, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy empowerment status, 97.0% of non-empowered women had no symptoms of anxiety compared to 95.6% of empowered women; prevalence of anxiety was 3.0% and 4.4%. For depression, 95.8% of the non-empowered and 95.0% of the empowered women did not have symptoms, while 4.2% and 5.0%, respectively, had depression (\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 2\u003c/strong\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWomen who justified intimate partner violence and those with low empowerment reported higher prevalence of both conditions, while higher education in women and fathers was strongly protective (p\u0026lt;0\u0026middot;001). Mental health indicators rose with age (35\u0026ndash;49 years), parity (\u0026ge;3 children), and recent menstruation and pressure to conceive (all p\u0026lt;0\u0026middot;001). Regional disparities were evident across divisions (p\u0026lt;0\u0026middot;001), with poorer wealth status and Muslim affiliation also linked to elevated risk. In contrast, variables such as household size, sex of household head, and current work status were not significantly associated with anxiety or depression (\u003cstrong\u003esee Supplementary Table S1\u003c/strong\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWomen who justified IPV had higher chances of anxiety (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99\u0026ndash;1.54; p=0.056) and depression (OR 1.20, 0.96\u0026ndash;1.51), though statistically significant at only marginal levels. Similarly, empowered women had slightly higher chances of anxiety (OR 1.23, 0.96\u0026ndash;1.58) than their less empowered counterparts, suggesting a possible psychosocial cost of empowerment. Age had a graded effect: in comparison to women aged 15\u0026ndash;19 years, women aged 45\u0026ndash;49 years had almost twice the odds of depression (OR 1.91, 1.35\u0026ndash;2.72) and more than 2.5 times the odds of anxiety (OR 2.66, 1.68\u0026ndash;4.21). Education was protective, with women who had completed secondary school or above having a 48% reduced risk of depression and a 53% reduced risk of anxiety. Multiparity (3 or more children), pregnancy coercion, and serial relationships all evidenced higher mental health burden. Women who reported being coerced into becoming pregnant had significantly elevated risks of both depression (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.43\u0026ndash;4.52) and anxiety (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.17\u0026ndash;4.25), representing significant psychological cost resulting from lack of control over reproductive decision-making. Regional and socio-economic inequalities emerged: women in Rangpur and Muslims had much increased odds for depression, while lower wealth and lower paternal education were associated with poorer outcomes (\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e). \u0026nbsp;Among 18,987 ever-married women, crude models indicated empowerment was not significantly associated with depression (OR=1.039; 95% CI: 0.846\u0026ndash;1.275), or with justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) (OR=1.201; 0.959\u0026ndash;1.505). These associations persisted in fully adjusted models: empowerment (aOR=1.048; 0.828\u0026ndash;1.326; p=0.697) and IPV justification (aOR=1.082; 0.895\u0026ndash;1.310; p=0.415) were non-significant. Conversely, anxiety was strongly related to empowerment: the crude odds were highly significant (OR=1.485; 1.231\u0026ndash;1.792; p\u0026lt;0.001), and this was maintained after adjustment (aOR=1.387; 1.135\u0026ndash;1.695; p=0.001). Justification of IPV was borderline significantly associated with anxiety in the unadjusted model (OR=1.243; 1.019\u0026ndash;1.515), but this was attenuated to a non-significant effect after adjustment (aOR=1.103; 0.901\u0026ndash;1.351; p=0.343). These findings highlight that empowerment is linked to higher symptoms of anxiety independent of confounding sociodemographic, reproductive, or relational factors, yet neither empowerment nor IPV justification independently predict depression (\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e). For anxiety, urban residence was not associated with higher odds compared to rural areas (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74\u0026ndash;1.26, p = 0.800). Justification of IPV was also not significantly associated with anxiety (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.87\u0026ndash;1.56, p = 0.228), and urban area living interaction with IPV justification was also not significant (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.51\u0026ndash;1.12, p = 0.291). Employment status, a proxy for empowerment, did not correlate significantly with anxiety (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.80\u0026ndash;1.56, p = 0.484), and there was no interaction with area of residence. Results for depression were the same as for anxiety. Urban women had the same odds for depression as rural women (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70\u0026ndash;1.14, p = 0.417). Neither IPV justification (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.85\u0026ndash;1.52, p = 0.338) nor employment (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.81\u0026ndash;1.42, p = 0.599) was independently associated with depression, and no interaction effects with urban residence were detected (\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u003c/strong\u003e). \u0026nbsp;In the full-sample interaction model, IPV justification was borderline associated with increased odds of anxiety (AOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.00\u0026ndash;1.89, p = 0.053), though this was not significant. When stratified by wealth, this effect was sustained in the poor women (AOR 1.40, p\u0026lt;0.05), but was abolished in the middle/rich women (AOR 0.93, p = 0.777), indicating effect modification by socioeconomic status. However, the interaction terms of middle-class \u0026times; IPV justification (AOR 0.67, p = 0.188) and rich \u0026times; IPV justification (AOR 0.66, p = 0.109) were not statistically significant (p for interaction = 0.189), meaning the differential effect by wealth tertiles was not statistically different. Empowerment (by employment status) was not associated with anxiety in the whole sample (AOR 1.09, p = 0.627). In stratified analyses, empowerment was non-significant among poor women (AOR 1.11, p not given) and had a slightly larger but non-significant association among middle/rich women (AOR 1.53, p = 0.144). Wealth group \u0026times; empowerment interaction terms were also non-significant (p for interaction = 0.413), suggesting that the effect of empowerment on anxiety was not significantly different by wealth (\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e). For anxiety, we did observe some indication of a religion and justification interaction. IPV-justifying non-Muslims had a slightly higher predicted probability of anxiety, and Muslims had a slight decrease, though confidence intervals did overlap. For depression, the situation was the same, with IPV justification being linked to a modest increase among non-Muslims but little change for Muslims. By contrast, empowerment had consistent positive associations with depression and anxiety across religions with very similar increments in predicted probabilities, with no significant interaction with religion. Overall, these findings indicate IPV evidence for justification may differ across religions, but empowerment effects on mental health are even-steed irrespective of religion (\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 3\u003c/strong\u003e). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms increased from 35.2% to 37.9%. The highest were in Khulna (37.9%), Rangpur (37.4%), and Barisal (37.1%). Additionally, Rajshahi (35.2%) and Dhaka (35.9%). Sylhet (36.7%), Chittagong (36.4%), and Mymensingh (36.0%) had intermediate prevalence (\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 4\u003c/strong\u003e). The highest depression prevalence is in the Khulna and Rangpur divisions at 38.6% each, followed closely by Barisal (37.7%) and Sylhet (37.3%). The lowest rates of depression are found in Rajshahi (35.8%), with Dhaka (36.5%), Mymensingh (36.3%), and Chittagong (36.1%) in the moderate category (\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 5\u003c/strong\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur analysis reveals that empowered Bangladeshi women exhibit marginally higher anxiety symptoms (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.387, 95% CI: 1.135\u0026ndash;1.695, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), but depression remains unaffected (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.048, 95% CI: 0.828\u0026ndash;1.326, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.697). It means that increased autonomy could have psychosocial costs in patriarchal environments. The same has been replicated in South Asia, where empowerment is noted to increase psychological burden if social support is weak(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). It brings forward the importance of confronting societal constraints while designing empowerments interventions(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen who justified IPV had slightly higher odds of anxiety (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.99\u0026ndash;1.54, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.056) and depression (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96\u0026ndash;1.51), although the associations were not significant after adjustment. This is in line with evidence that internalized norms can enhance psychological distress(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). Education was a strong protective factor: secondary or higher education in women was associated with a 48% lower risk of depression and 53% reduced risk of anxiety. Conversely, age (35\u0026ndash;49 years), multiparity (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 children), coercive pregnancy, and social pressure to become pregnant were related to higher mental health burdens, consistent with cumulative stressors based on reproductive role and social pressures. There were regional differences: women in Rangpur and Khulna divisions reported the highest levels of anxiety (37.9% and 37.4%, respectively) and depression (38.6% both). Similarly, lower paternal education and wealth status were linked with increased risks, consistent with earlier studies in Bangladesh(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR31 CR32 CR33\" citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). What these results highlight is the overlap between mental health, gender norms, and socioeconomic disadvantage, and that interventions should be locally based (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study observes some evidence of effect modification: the association between IPV justification and anxiety was more pronounced in poorer women (AOR 1.40, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) but less so in middle/rich women, although not statistically significant for interaction terms (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.189). Empowerment impacts on anxiety were relatively consistent across wealth strata and religions, implying that psychosocial impacts of empowerment are general, rather than context-specific (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR38\" citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur findings accord with prior work in general. Studies in rural South Asia and Bangladesh have identified that IPV and its justification are associated with higher psychological distress(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR41\" citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e). Empowerment has also had varying impacts: while generally positive for health outcomes, it is associated with higher anxiety when social support is low(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e). The current research extends these findings by estimating subgroups' effects across wealth, regional, and religious subgroups and offering contextual information on heterogeneity in mental health outcomes. The findings point towards the importance of multi-level interventions. Mental health interventions must target women at high reproductive and psychosocial stress, particularly multiparous and older women (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e). Empowerment interventions have to be complemented with family and social support to offset potential psychological burden (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e). Prevention programs must tackle internalized norms and provide safe avenues of reporting and counseling(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, this investigation highlights the association of mental health with IPV and women's empowerment with spatial variation. Intervention must adopt a holistic, context-informed approach, integrating empowerment with social support and structural safeguarding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study is limited by its cross-sectional design, which prevents causal inference, and by reliance on self-reported measures that may introduce reporting bias.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFuture research should employ longitudinal designs to clarify causal pathways, explore mechanisms linking empowerment and mental health, and examine interventions that combine empowerment with psychological support.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research sheds light on the intricacies of women\u0026rsquo;s mental health in Bangladesh. Empowerment and employment, perceived as protective, may possess negative psychological impacts when not undergirded by structural systems and culture. We have emphasized the importance of considering women\u0026rsquo;s social realities, especially in places laden with conventional gender roles, socioeconomic deprivation, and religiosity, while designing diverse, nuanced, multi-dimensional, or context-specific mental health frameworks. Moving forward, interventions ought to expand from empowerment at an individual level to social level counter policies that challenge and stigmatize IPV and support the development of responsive systems in policy and practice.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eEthical clearance\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study used secondary data from the BDHS 2022((https://dhsprogram.com) , accessed with permission from The DHS Program. Ethical approval for the survey was obtained by NIPORT, Bangladesh, and ICF Institutional Review Board, USA. All participants provided informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding Status\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM.O.U. (Mohammad Ohid Ullah) critically revised the manuscript.M.S.M. (MD Salek Miah) conceived the study, performed the data analysis, prepared tables and figures, and drafted the manuscript.Both authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe acknowledge The DHS Program for providing access to the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 dataset, which made this study possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data analyzed in this study are from the publicly available Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 (BDHS 2022). Interested researchers can request access through The DHS Program website: https://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eClinical trial number:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003enot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO. World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. 2022. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO. Mental Health in Bangladesh. 2021. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlblooshi S, Taylor M, Gill N. Does menopause elevate the risk for developing depression and anxiety? Results from a systematic review. Australasian Psychiatry. 2023 Apr 1;31(2):165\u0026ndash;73. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSisodia S, Hammond Z, Leonardi-Bee J, Hanlon C, Asher L. Sexual and reproductive health needs of women with severe mental illness in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. 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PLoS One. 2023 Feb 1;18(2 February). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Flowchart ","content":"\u003cp\u003eFlowchart 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:Survey-weighted associations with anxiety and depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredictor (Categories)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnxiety\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u0026nbsp;(95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u0026nbsp;(95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIPV Justified\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e96\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e51)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e99\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e54)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e056\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmployment Level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e04\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e85\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e715\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e96\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e098\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWomen\u0026rsquo;s\u0026nbsp;Age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e83\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e58\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e07\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e68\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e766\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e20\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e85\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e41\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e91\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e36\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e97\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e071\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e28\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e97)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e39\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e99\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e054\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e46\u0026ndash;3\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e32)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e42\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e01\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e00)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e48\u0026ndash;3\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e43)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u0026ndash;49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e91\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e35\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e72)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e66\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e68\u0026ndash;4\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e21)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: 15\u0026ndash;19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary Incomplete\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e79\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e67\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e93)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e74\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e63\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e88)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e52\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e39\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e68)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e47\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e34\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e63)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref:\u0026nbsp;Primary\u0026nbsp;or less)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber\u0026nbsp;of Children\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e94\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e72\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e06\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e79\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e699\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e00\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e79)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e052\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e77\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e32\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e37)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: 0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrently Pregnant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e99\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e73\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e974\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e95\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e67\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e775\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResiding Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith husband/partner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e16\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e93\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e45)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e07\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e83\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e601\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref:\u0026nbsp;Not residing)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMenstruated\u0026nbsp;Last\u0026nbsp;6 Weeks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e78\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e67\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e90)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e74\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e63\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e86)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrently Abstaining\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e02\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e69\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e927\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e87\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e58\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e498\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber\u0026nbsp;of Unions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e63\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e17\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e27)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e14\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e77\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e520\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHas\u0026nbsp;Health Card\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e95\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e49\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e876\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e76\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e36\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePressure\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;Get Pregnant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e43\u0026ndash;4\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e52)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e04\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e17\u0026ndash;4\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e25)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHusband\u0026nbsp;Prefers\u0026nbsp;Same/More Children\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e71\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e49\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e072\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e67\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e44\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e069\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContraceptive Decision\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespondent/Joint\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e08\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e82\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e43)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e587\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e23\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e88\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e72)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: Husband/Other)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredictor (Categories)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnxiety\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u0026nbsp;(95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u0026nbsp;(95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e22\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e94\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e14\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e88\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: Urban)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHousehold\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDivision\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChattogram\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e90\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e57\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e666\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e24\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e76\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhaka\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e88\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e59\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e513\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e86\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e57\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhulna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e42\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e99\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e04)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e058\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e41\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e93\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMymensingh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e78\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e53\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e76\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e49\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRajshahi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e76\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e52\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e69\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e43\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRangpur\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e67\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e14\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e44)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e91\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSylhet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e33\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e86\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e07)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e25\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e81\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: Barishal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReligion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e39\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e02\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e90)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e75\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e24\u0026ndash;2\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e46)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref:\u0026nbsp;Non-Muslim)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWealth Category\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u0026nbsp;Class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e05\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e82\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e700\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e02\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e80\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e851\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRich\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e64\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e99)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e90\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e72\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: Poor)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHousehold\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4+ members\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e86\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e72\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e095\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e99\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e82\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e930\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: \u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHousehold\u0026nbsp;Head Sex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e88\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e69\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e321\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e94\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e73\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e661\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: Male)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrently Working\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e03\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e85\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e06\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e87\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e543\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref: No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s Education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Incomplete\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e67\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e50\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e90)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e83\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e64\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e08)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Complete\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e78\u0026nbsp;(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e60\u0026ndash;1\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e02)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e065\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e53\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e93)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary Incomplete\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e67\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e54\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e82)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e63\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e50\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e79)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e39\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e67)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e39\u0026ndash;0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e67)\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Ref:\u0026nbsp;No Education)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: OR\u0026nbsp;= Odds Ratio;\u0026nbsp;CI = Confidence Interval; Ref\u0026nbsp;= Reference category\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e10,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026lowast;\u0026lowast;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e05\u003c/strong\u003e (bold indicates statistical significance)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll models are survey-weighted logistic regressions accounting for complex survey design Numbers in parentheses represent 95% confidence intervals\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:Survey-weighted associations of IPV justification and women\u0026rsquo;s empowerment with anxiety and depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExposure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Ref)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eaOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmpowerment\u0026nbsp;(No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.846, 1.275]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.048\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.828, 1.326]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV (No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.959, 1.505]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.895, 1.310]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.415\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnxiety\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmpowerment (No) Justifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u0026nbsp;(No)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.485\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e[1.231, 1.792]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.243\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e [1.019, 1.515]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.387\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e [1.135, 1.695]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.103 [0.901, 1.351]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLists of Confounder: Women\u003c/strong\u003e age, Women education, Number of children, currently pregnant, residing with husband/partner, menstruated in last 6 weeks, Contraceptive decision, Pressure to become pregnant, Women\u0026rsquo;s empowerment / ownership level, Wealth category, Household division, Religion, Household size category, Father\u0026rsquo;s education, Area of residence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e::Survey Weighted Depression and Anxiety Stratified by Urban/Rural Residence, Empowerment, and IPV Justification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnxiety\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban\u0026nbsp;(Ref: Rural)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.965\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.738, 1.262]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.871, 1.563]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban \u0026times; Justifies IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.753\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.507, 1.119]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.291\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.797, 1.558]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban \u0026times; Employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.582, 2.277]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.642\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u0026nbsp;(Urban only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.874, 1.567]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u0026nbsp;(Rural only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.890\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.577, 1.372]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.640\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u0026nbsp;(Urban only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.252\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.660, 2.377]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u0026nbsp;(Rural only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.795, 1.592]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban\u0026nbsp;(Ref: Rural)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.893\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.699, 1.141]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.846, 1.523]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban \u0026times; Justifies IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.510, 1.117]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.811, 1.420]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban \u0026times; Employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.817\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.562, 1.188]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u0026nbsp;(Urban only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.844, 1.526]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u0026nbsp;(Rural only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.869\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.585, 1.291]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.547\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u0026nbsp;(Urban only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.900\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.603, 1.342]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u0026nbsp;(Rural only)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.801, 1.426]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStratified\u0026nbsp;analysis\u0026nbsp;based\u0026nbsp;on\u0026nbsp;BDHS\u0026nbsp;2022\u0026nbsp;data\u0026nbsp;(\u003cem\u003en\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026asymp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e987). Models estimated using logistic regression. Reference categories are shown in parentheses.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:Associations of IPV justification and women\u0026rsquo;s empowerment with anxiety symptoms: logistic regression models stratified by wealth status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInteraction Model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Full Sample)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAOR 95% CI p-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePoor\u0026nbsp;AOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStratified Models\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Wealth Groups)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle/Rich\u0026nbsp;AOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIPV Justification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustifies\u0026nbsp;IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[1.00, 1.89]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.40*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.777\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteraction Terms\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u0026nbsp;Class\u0026nbsp;\u0026times;\u0026nbsp;Justifies IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.37, 1.22]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRich\u0026nbsp;\u0026times;\u0026nbsp;Justifies IPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.39, 1.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u0026nbsp;for interaction\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmpowerment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatus\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmpowerment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.77, 1.55]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteraction Terms\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u0026nbsp;Class\u0026nbsp;\u0026times; Employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.78, 2.58]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRich\u0026nbsp;\u0026times; Employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0.57, 1.56]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u0026nbsp;for interaction\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval. All models adjust for age, education, number of children, pregnancy status, residing status, menstruation, contraceptive decision-making, and pressure to be pregnant. *p \u0026lt; .05, **p \u0026lt; .01, ***p \u0026lt; .001.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"IPV, Empowerment, Anxiety, Depression, Spatial, Stratified","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7473860/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7473860/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis paper examines the associations between women's empowerment, IPV legitimization, and the mental health outcomes of Bangladeshi ever-married women with geospatial variation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study analyzed cross-sectional data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 of 18,987 ever-married women aged 15\u0026ndash;49 years with complete mental health, IPV, and empowerment data. Depression and anxiety were assessed by PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Survey-weighted binary logistic regression analyses were applied to analyze odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with stratification by residence, wealth, and religion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen who justified IPV had marginally higher depression (5.5% vs 4.7%) and anxiety (4.9% vs 4.0%) prevalence, whereas empowerment was associated with marginally higher anxiety (4.4% vs 3.0%) but not depression. Multivariable analyses further revealed that empowerment was independently associated with anxiety (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14\u0026ndash;1.70, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), but IPV justification was not significant in the adjusted model. Multiparity, age, pressure to conceive, and improved education of fathers and women were also important determinants. Division -wise geospatial mapping revealed the highest rates of anxiety in Khulna (37.9%), Rangpur (37.4%), and Barisal (37.1%), and the lowest in Rajshahi (35.2%) and Dhaka (35.9%). Additionally, Rangpur (38.6%) and Khulna (38.6%) reveal the highest depression symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese findings highlight the mental health implications of empowerment and the need for context-specific policies to support women's mental health in Bangladesh.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Associations of Women’s Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence with Mental Health Among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-11 14:56:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7473860/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6ad86848-e77b-4456-8718-e9f3029dd792","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-08T08:09:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-11 14:56:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7473860","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7473860","identity":"rs-7473860","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}