Honeybee brood metagenomics uncovers genomic diversity of modern and historical Paenibacillus larvae

Honeybee brood metagenomics uncovers genomic diversity of modern and historical Paenibacillus larvae | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 22 February 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Honeybee brood metagenomics uncovers genomic diversity of modern and historical Paenibacillus larvae Authors : Guillermo Rangel-Pineros 0000-0003-3848-4330 [email protected] , Max Ramsøe , Tuuli Kasso , Jacob A. Rasmussen , Lars Vilhelmsen , Annette Bruun Jensen , Per Kryger , Alberto J. Taurozzi 0000-0003-0378-1626 , Matthew J. Collins 0000-0003-4226-5501 , and Christian Carøe Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174019158.88600607/v1 356 views 198 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The Western honey bee, Apis mellifera , plays a vital role in ecology, agriculture, and the economy, making the global decline in honey bee populations and colony losses a critical concern. Here we present a novel metagenomic approach for studying American Foulbrood (AFB), a severe bacterial disease caused by Paenibacillus larvae , by directly sequencing DNA from infected bee brood samples. Using this method, we achieved up to 89.5% P. larvae reads from infected samples, allowing successful assembly of 31 high-quality P. larvae draft genomes from Danish apiaries without the need for traditional time-consuming bacterial cultivation. Our approach revealed previously undetected multi-strain infections, and identified distinct lineages of ERIC types I and II circulating in Denmark, with ERIC-II being predominant (61.3%) during 2019-2020. Through pangenomic analysis incorporating 500 previously published high-quality P. larvae genomes, we identified significant genomic differences between ERIC types, including a 12.4% larger genome size in ERIC-I strains. Furthermore, we successfully recovered and authenticated P. larvae DNA from a 19th-century museum specimen, demonstrating the feasibility of studying historical AFB outbreaks. This study establishes direct metagenomic sequencing as a rapid and sensitive method for AFB surveillance while providing new insights into P. larvae diversity and evolution. Supplementary Material File (main_document.docx) Download 7.15 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 22 February 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords american foulbrood bacterial infections genomics honeybee brood paenibacillus larvae Authors Affiliations Guillermo Rangel-Pineros 0000-0003-3848-4330 [email protected] Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Max Ramsøe Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Tuuli Kasso Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Jacob A. Rasmussen Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Lars Vilhelmsen Kobenhavns Universitet Statens Naturhistoriske Museum View all articles by this author Annette Bruun Jensen Kobenhavns Universitet Institut for Plante og Miljovidenskab View all articles by this author Per Kryger Aarhus Universitet Institut for Agrookologi Flakkebjerg View all articles by this author Alberto J. Taurozzi 0000-0003-0378-1626 Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Matthew J. Collins 0000-0003-4226-5501 Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Christian Carøe Kobenhavns Universitet Globe Institute View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 356 views 198 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Guillermo Rangel-Pineros, Max Ramsøe, Tuuli Kasso, et al. Honeybee brood metagenomics uncovers genomic diversity of modern and historical Paenibacillus larvae. Authorea . 22 February 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174019158.88600607/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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