Identification of Shallow Foundation In Swampland Banjarmasin

Identification of Shallow Foundation In Swampland Banjarmasin | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Identification of Shallow Foundation In Swampland Banjarmasin Nursyarif Agusniansyah This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4474540/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The condition of the land in Banjarmasin is swamp land (soft soil) with low bearing capacity so that a special and suitable foundation is needed. This makes the uniqueness and characteristics of the foundations that are often applied in this area. This is an advanced application of the shallow foundation type. This study will be carried out in the form of types including shallow foundations. Field observation studies were carried out at various construction sites in Banjarmasin and the surrounding area, especially objects of low-rise buildings and other uses such as fences and earthfill retaining walls. The purpose of this study is to provide an applicative description of the foundation in the Banjarmasin swamp land with a comparison of the types of foundations in the surrounding area. It will identify the foundation materials that can be applied and how the application techniques are implemented in the field. Civil Engineering identification foundation soft soil swampland Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 1. Introduction The type of foundation that is often used in Banjarmasin is for wooden poles and concrete poles in building construction as processing on swamp land (wet = peat) in the form of soft soil. There is a phenomenon that the application of this type of foundation in the field preceded the research, so that the development of field applications preceded the scientific literature. Further research is needed on the application of foundation materials in soft soils with shallow foundation types. In this research, field observation studies will be conducted at various locations of low-rise simple buildings and other uses such as fences and retaining walls in Banjarmasin and the surrounding area. It is investigated in detail by identifying its application techniques in the field. Then a comparison of types, types, materials (materials) and techniques (methods) will be carried out in other areas (outside Banjarmasin) and even from outside the region. From the identification, the advantages and disadvantages of each type with various functions and uses of the foundation will be obtained. The purpose of this study is to provide an applicative description of the foundation in Banjarmasin with comparison of other materials from other areas. There will be a comparison of foundation materials that can be applied to soft soils and how the application techniques are implemented in the field. It is necessary to reveal how to build or carry out the foundation by considering the condition of the type of soft soil and even water, namely swamp, either slightly dry or high water conditions. 1.1. Foundation In Soft Soil Wooden poles are widely used for the construction of house elements in Banjarmasin. The wood used is ironwood. The wooden pile foundation uses foundation construction, including log construction, kalam kalang galam construction and kaca puri construction [ 1 ]. This castle glass foundation, according to Iskandar [ 2 ], is considered to behave like a continuous foundation with a long foundation is the length of the galam pole used. Ironwood is used as a house pole in the form of a beam as the main material for poles and sticks that rest on the ground as a support for the house building [ 1 ], while galam wood (Melalueca leucadendron) is used as a pillar pile. Cerucuk aims to increase soil shear resistance in another sense is soil improvement [ 3 ],[ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ], With this niche, the carrying capacity of the soil has increased. This galam wood cerucuk foundation is very suitable for conditions in swampy areas that are always watery (submerged) because it has a unique property that if it is always submerged, its strength will always be maintained as evidenced by the old building with the galam wood foundation being dismantled. more than 20 (twenty) years [ 2 ], [ 9 ]. The commonly used galam cones are 3 (three) and 4 (four) meters long for 1 (one) floor buildings and a minimum length of 7 (seven) meters for 2 (two) floors. The diameter of galam wood on the market is about 12 (twelve) centimeters. For the carrying capacity of a single galam tree trunk, the maximum load that can be carried is 170–300 kN [ 10 ]. The development of the wooden pole construction of the Kacapuri type is a theoretical variation. The bottom of the pole/stick is called Kaca Puri while the top is called kalang sunduk. The end of the pole is buried in the ground. Theoretically, this alternative castle glass foundation variation has a calculation of being able to withstand a load of 1.25 tons which is expected to be able to support the load of the residential floor structure of 150 kg/m2–250 kg/m2 [ 1 ]. Foundations in Banjarmasin are adapted to the soil conditions which have a layer of soft soil with a thickness of up to 25 (twenty five) meters and hard soil on average at a depth of about 35 (thirty five) to 45 (forty five) meters [ 9 ], [ 10 ]. The carrying capacity of this swamp is very low at 0.2 kg/cm2 [ 12 ]. Soil conditions in Banjarmasin which are mostly swamp land (wetlands) have different conditions between one land plot and another [ 13 ], the general conditions are dry soil (overgrown with plants/grass), slightly wet or slightly dry marked by the presence of water during foundation excavation, and soil with high water (fully submerged in water) as shown in Fig. 1. The house construction system in Banjarmasin is a wooden pole construction [ 12 ], consisting of a row of ironwood poles with short distances to carry the load of the building evenly. Meanwhile, the development of a replacement for ironwood poles is reinforced concrete poles [ 14 ]. House buildings in Banjarmasin are generally constructed on stilts where the floor of the house is above the ground with wet land conditions [ 13 ]. To support this condition, poles are used to support the building of the house. The house is in the form of wooden poles using ironwood material (Fig. 2). At the top, after the wooden pillars, a frame construction is used which is usually also made of ironwood material. For infilling/covering walls, bricks are used which are installed standing up, in order to keep the building load lighter. This standing masonry is also suitable for filling walls which are generally constructed of wood frames as well. The wooden frame of this wall is a row of poles that are installed along the wall at a distance of 1 (one) meter. Variations and modifications of wooden poles are found using concrete poles and foundations, while the top of the building from the floor upwards continues to use wooden frame construction. The size of the slab foundation looks about 90 x 90 cm. The concept of replacing the construction of a row of wooden poles and changing the loading system into a local bearing load. As a result, there must be the use of larger horizontal wooden beams as a load divider between the concrete piles. The large wooden beams used must of course be larger than the wooden beams composed of wooden poles [ 13 ]. 1.2. Foundations Other Than Wooden Piles For the construction of modern (permanent) buildings, variations and modifications are carried out in the form of replacing wooden pole materials with concrete pole materials [ 13 ]. While the foundation is used concrete slabs. For the concrete slab foundation, galam piles are used to improve the bearing capacity of the soil (Fig. 3). Group composition is used. For one concrete slab, several combinations of the number of stakes and the width of the concrete slab are used. From the field findings, the smallest concrete slab size is 90 x 90 cm using a minimum of 9 (nine) galam stakes measuring 3 to 5 meters. Concrete slab measuring 120x120 cm uses 16 to 25 pieces of galam stakes measuring 5 to 7 meters. The use of galam piles in this group arrangement is commonly used to accept local loads such as the concrete slab foundation mentioned above. 2. Methods This research is a qualitative Research with descriptive methods and data collection through surveys/field observations. Field observation studies are more focused than theoretical analysis. The stages of the research are: identification of foundations on soft soil, survey/observation of foundation field studies in Banjarmasin, comparison of foundations in other areas around Banjarmasin, analysis of the use of foundations, and finally conclusions and suggestions. 2.1. Identification of Foundations in Wetlands Review the literature related to the construction of wetlands in Banjarmasin, the use of materials, construction and connection systems. 2.2. Foundation Filed Survey/Observation in Banjarmasin Survey to collect field data related to the application of building foundations on soft soil (swamp/wet) Banjarmasin. The survey was conducted at various construction sites in Banjarmasin. Both on housing objects and individual objects. The object chosen is related to the phenomenon of factual conditions to find problems that have relevance to the research. The object is described in the current state based on the facts as it actually is. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct observation and survey to the location of observation and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively. Disclosure of survey/observation results is done graphically and presented descriptively. 2.3. Comparison of Foundation in Other Neighbourhoods Comparison of foundations from other areas (around) is obtained from sources from outside the city of Banjarmasin, even from outside the region, who will provide identification of project description data and will be analyzed. From the analysis of this type of foundation, it will be seen whether it is possible to have other forms or variations in the development of foundations on soft soil. 2.4. Usage Analysis of Foundation The identified type of foundation will be analyzed according to its use. Analysis of usability according to the load function of the foundation includes: 1 (one) floor low building, fence, and retaining wall of earthfill. Identification of uses will describe materials (materials), methods of implementation and others. 2.5. Conclusions and Recommendations The conclusion of the analysis and research results will answer the problem of identifying comparisons of foundations in Banjarmasin and other areas, followed by suggestions. 3. Results and Discussions The selection of the foundation is carried out by considering the condition of the land and according to the load it bears. According to land conditions, Banjarmasin has 3 (three) characteristics of land conditions, namely dry conditions, shallow water, and deep water. Meanwhile, according to the load (or its use) the foundation referred to in this paper is a shallow foundation for buildings (low level), fences and earthfill walls. In general, the known shallow foundations are stone material or reinforced concrete slabs. On dry land, it is usually in the form of hard soil so that it has a large soil bearing capacity to support the foundation load. But in watery conditions land (in this case Banjarmasin) has soft soil with low soil bearing capacity. This watery/swampy land is not like hard land which is strong to support the foundation load directly. This marshland does not have sufficient bearing capacity to support the building. 3.1. Identification of Foundation in Banjarmasin From the survey results / field observations, it was found that the types of foundations in Banjarmasin are generally divided according to the material of the building supports, namely wooden pile foundations and concrete pile foundations. For small loads such as buildings (houses) of the semi-permanent type, wooden pile foundations are generally used. As for large loads such as permanent/modern buildings, concrete pile foundations are used. 3.2. Identification of Foundations Around Banjarmasin Some areas around Banjarmasin have various land conditions, but most of them are dry land conditions. Only a few areas also have water conditions similar to those in Banjarmasin. In dry land conditions, stone foundations are commonly used in several areas. The type of stone material is local material in the form of mountain rock. In some areas also found the use of limestone for foundations. For watery land conditions, pile foundations were found, either wooden piles or concrete piles. Picture. Foundations for Tanah Bumbu, Kotabaru, Kandangan, Amuntai, and Tabalong Areas In some areas, concrete foundations are used even though the land is dry and watery. Based on soil conditions, stone foundations are used for dry land conditions according to the load, and this is usually carried out on hard soils. For light loads (low) 1 (one) floor buildings such as residential houses, in some dry areas you can use stone foundations or wooden pile foundations for light loads. Concrete pile foundations are used for heavier loads or modern buildings. However, for watery land conditions, a wooden pile foundation or concrete pile can be used, but with the reinforcement of wooden stakes (galam). For the load of the use of the fence, the wooden pile foundation is only for fences with lightweight materials. For heavy fence materials such as brick/stone, the wooden pile foundation is no longer suitable for its function. Must use a concrete pile foundation which is certainly more economically wasteful. For the load of the earthfill retaining wall, it is not very suitable for a wooden pile foundation but it will be very uneconomical to use a concrete pile foundation. What about the use of stone foundations on soft soils (watery wetlands) are: - done in dry conditions - used deep foundations (stakes) The method of implementing stone foundations in dry conditions should take into account the condition of the water surface which can change so that it can affect the bearing capacity of the soil from dry with strong bearing capacity to watery conditions with weak bearing capacity. 4. Conclusion The use of foundations in Banjarmasin is almost the same as in other areas, depending on the load and condition of the land. In terms of the use of the load it supports, such as low-rise buildings, with watery land conditions with low soil bearing capacity, wooden pile foundations with galam reinforcement are used. But for the use of the fence used a concrete foundation which is economically more expensive. This is because the use of wooden posts is not commonly used for fences with heavy load materials. For the load of multi-storey buildings (heavy) and modern materials used concrete slab foundations. What is special is when the use of earthfill retaining walls is used, there will be a choice of a concrete foundation or a stone foundation. Concrete foundations can be used but with consideration of the cost of implementation that is no longer economical. There have been attempts to use stone foundations in some land conditions such as dry land. The implementation of stone foundations on soft soil in the field is carried out when the land conditions are dry. For areas with dry land conditions, the soil conditions are usually harder with greater carrying capacity, so locally available materials, either mountain stone or limestone, are used. References Heldiansyah M (2014) Afief Ma'ruf and Wiku Adhiwicaksana Krasna, Inovasi Desain Pondasi Kacapuri Di Atas Tanah Gambut yang Distabilitasi . J Lanting 3(1):37–47 Iskandar (2000) Tinjauan Kapasitas Dukung Teoritis Fondasi Kacapuri. Jurnal Info Teknik., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13–21 Tjandrawibawa S, Wijaya Gunawan. (2000) Jimmy Efendy &. Improving the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Using Curecules: A Model Study . Civil Engineering Dimensions. vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 92–95 Muda A (2016) Analysis of Shallow Foundation Soil Bearing Capacity Based on Laboratory Data. Intekna J,. 16, 1 Ma'ruf M (2015) Afief., Ulfa Fitriati, & Lailan Ni'mah. Carrying Capacity of Alternative Kacapuri Foundation in Clay Soil . Journal of Technical Information. vol. 5, no. 1 Anwar R (2019) Efficiency Analysis of Design Types of Shallow Foundations in Simple House Designs. Cerucuk J, 10, 10 Rusdiansyah, Indrasurya B, Mochtar, Noor Endah Mochtar (2015). Effect of Depth, Spacing, and Number of Cones in Increasing Soft Soil Shear Resistance Based on Laboratory Modeling . (Ed.). Proceedings of the National Seminar on T. Civil Unlam Sustainable Development in Wetlands. Banjarmasin: 16–17 October 2015 Suyuti JT, Muhammad Darwis (2018) &. Prediction of the Stability of Traditional Cure Foundations in High-rise Buildings on Very Soft Ground. (Ed.) National Conference on Civil Engineering 12. Batam: September 18–19 2018 Yudiawati Y (2008) Ahmad Marzuki. Shallow Foundation on Soft Soil With Galam Reinforcement Based on Field Experiments . J Tech Informationvol 9(2):212–217 Rifky A (2014) Comparative Study of Galam Wood Foundation and Mini Pile in a Residential Building Type Red Valerian Citra Garden Banjarmasin Complex. Engineering Journal. 2, 2 Suhaimi M, Fathurrozi, Aspihani M, Rahman (2017) Comparison of ultimate bearing capacity of piles between theoretical methods and actual methods with pile configuration and depth. Civil Eng Gradation J. 1, 1 Eliatun (2018) & Darmansyah Tjidradi. Housing Development With Construction Design In Wetlands In The City Of Banjarmasin Using Operations Research . Civil Engineering Gradation Journal. vol. 2, no. 1 Nurfansyah MI, Saud PW, Wastuty AQ, Aini N (2020) Agusniansyah., Development of Wooden Pillar Foundations for Residential Houses in Banjarmasin . Journal of Technical Info vol. 21, no. 2 Afni SN, Rusdi HA, Retna Hapsari K (2016) Analysis of the use of concrete as an alternative to ironwood in traditional foundation types for buildings on soft soil in Banjarmasin. J Tech Inform. 6, 1 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4474540","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":306539590,"identity":"be42f6d3-7fbb-4977-8466-b0b3d1dd11a3","order_by":0,"name":"Nursyarif 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12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1434974,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFoundation for Kotabaru, Kandangan, and Amuntai Areas\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: (Author, 2024)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4474540/v1/a921eff3986181ccac72b84d.png"},{"id":57337000,"identity":"73964a1e-0d85-4b95-9a4b-306c9675d943","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-29 09:39:41","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":881115,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFoundation of Kotabaru, Kandangan, and Amuntai Areas\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: (Author, 2024)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4474540/v1/046794f76ac8ae081580ca0d.png"},{"id":57336997,"identity":"aa4edb8c-c40d-4053-a53c-517c8f6b2613","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-29 09:39:40","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":555871,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUse of Foundation on Soft Soil\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: (Author, 2024)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4474540/v1/49dbf35421c7caf855c262d9.png"},{"id":57339455,"identity":"ec4d2952-5361-4c77-b4a3-3be16a507e29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-29 10:11:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":10612178,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4474540/v1/6e87f7d3-1772-4d18-9bcb-e30656ba7504.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIdentification of Shallow Foundation In Swampland Banjarmasin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe type of foundation that is often used in Banjarmasin is for wooden poles and concrete poles in building construction as processing on swamp land (wet\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;peat) in the form of soft soil. There is a phenomenon that the application of this type of foundation in the field preceded the research, so that the development of field applications preceded the scientific literature. Further research is needed on the application of foundation materials in soft soils with shallow foundation types.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this research, field observation studies will be conducted at various locations of low-rise simple buildings and other uses such as fences and retaining walls in Banjarmasin and the surrounding area. It is investigated in detail by identifying its application techniques in the field. Then a comparison of types, types, materials (materials) and techniques (methods) will be carried out in other areas (outside Banjarmasin) and even from outside the region. From the identification, the advantages and disadvantages of each type with various functions and uses of the foundation will be obtained.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this study is to provide an applicative description of the foundation in Banjarmasin with comparison of other materials from other areas. There will be a comparison of foundation materials that can be applied to soft soils and how the application techniques are implemented in the field. It is necessary to reveal how to build or carry out the foundation by considering the condition of the type of soft soil and even water, namely swamp, either slightly dry or high water conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.1. Foundation In Soft Soil\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWooden poles are widely used for the construction of house elements in Banjarmasin. The wood used is ironwood. The wooden pile foundation uses foundation construction, including log construction, kalam kalang galam construction and kaca puri construction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. This castle glass foundation, according to Iskandar [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], is considered to behave like a continuous foundation with a long foundation is the length of the galam pole used.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIronwood is used as a house pole in the form of a beam as the main material for poles and sticks that rest on the ground as a support for the house building [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e], while galam wood (Melalueca leucadendron) is used as a pillar pile. Cerucuk aims to increase soil shear resistance in another sense is soil improvement [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], With this niche, the carrying capacity of the soil has increased. This galam wood cerucuk foundation is very suitable for conditions in swampy areas that are always watery (submerged) because it has a unique property that if it is always submerged, its strength will always be maintained as evidenced by the old building with the galam wood foundation being dismantled. more than 20 (twenty) years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The commonly used galam cones are 3 (three) and 4 (four) meters long for 1 (one) floor buildings and a minimum length of 7 (seven) meters for 2 (two) floors. The diameter of galam wood on the market is about 12 (twelve) centimeters. For the carrying capacity of a single galam tree trunk, the maximum load that can be carried is 170\u0026ndash;300 kN [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe development of the wooden pole construction of the Kacapuri type is a theoretical variation. The bottom of the pole/stick is called Kaca Puri while the top is called kalang sunduk. The end of the pole is buried in the ground. Theoretically, this alternative castle glass foundation variation has a calculation of being able to withstand a load of 1.25 tons which is expected to be able to support the load of the residential floor structure of 150 kg/m2\u0026ndash;250 kg/m2 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoundations in Banjarmasin are adapted to the soil conditions which have a layer of soft soil with a thickness of up to 25 (twenty five) meters and hard soil on average at a depth of about 35 (thirty five) to 45 (forty five) meters [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. The carrying capacity of this swamp is very low at 0.2 kg/cm2 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil conditions in Banjarmasin which are mostly swamp land (wetlands) have different conditions between one land plot and another [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], the general conditions are dry soil (overgrown with plants/grass), slightly wet or slightly dry marked by the presence of water during foundation excavation, and soil with high water (fully submerged in water) as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe house construction system in Banjarmasin is a wooden pole construction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e], consisting of a row of ironwood poles with short distances to carry the load of the building evenly. Meanwhile, the development of a replacement for ironwood poles is reinforced concrete poles [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHouse buildings in Banjarmasin are generally constructed on stilts where the floor of the house is above the ground with wet land conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. To support this condition, poles are used to support the building of the house. The house is in the form of wooden poles using ironwood material (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2). At the top, after the wooden pillars, a frame construction is used which is usually also made of ironwood material. For infilling/covering walls, bricks are used which are installed standing up, in order to keep the building load lighter. This standing masonry is also suitable for filling walls which are generally constructed of wood frames as well. The wooden frame of this wall is a row of poles that are installed along the wall at a distance of 1 (one) meter.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariations and modifications of wooden poles are found using concrete poles and foundations, while the top of the building from the floor upwards continues to use wooden frame construction. The size of the slab foundation looks about 90 x 90 cm. The concept of replacing the construction of a row of wooden poles and changing the loading system into a local bearing load. As a result, there must be the use of larger horizontal wooden beams as a load divider between the concrete piles. The large wooden beams used must of course be larger than the wooden beams composed of wooden poles [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.2. Foundations Other Than Wooden Piles\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the construction of modern (permanent) buildings, variations and modifications are carried out in the form of replacing wooden pole materials with concrete pole materials [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. While the foundation is used concrete slabs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the concrete slab foundation, galam piles are used to improve the bearing capacity of the soil (Fig.\u0026nbsp;3). Group composition is used. For one concrete slab, several combinations of the number of stakes and the width of the concrete slab are used. From the field findings, the smallest concrete slab size is 90 x 90 cm using a minimum of 9 (nine) galam stakes measuring 3 to 5 meters. Concrete slab measuring 120x120 cm uses 16 to 25 pieces of galam stakes measuring 5 to 7 meters. The use of galam piles in this group arrangement is commonly used to accept local loads such as the concrete slab foundation mentioned above.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research is a qualitative Research with descriptive methods and data collection through surveys/field observations. Field observation studies are more focused than theoretical analysis. The stages of the research are: identification of foundations on soft soil, survey/observation of foundation field studies in Banjarmasin, comparison of foundations in other areas around Banjarmasin, analysis of the use of foundations, and finally conclusions and suggestions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Identification of Foundations in Wetlands\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview the literature related to the construction of wetlands in Banjarmasin, the use of materials, construction and connection systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Foundation Filed Survey/Observation in Banjarmasin\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvey to collect field data related to the application of building foundations on soft soil (swamp/wet) Banjarmasin. The survey was conducted at various construction sites in Banjarmasin. Both on housing objects and individual objects. The object chosen is related to the phenomenon of factual conditions to find problems that have relevance to the research. The object is described in the current state based on the facts as it actually is.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData collection techniques were carried out by direct observation and survey to the location of observation and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively. Disclosure of survey/observation results is done graphically and presented descriptively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3. Comparison of Foundation in Other Neighbourhoods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of foundations from other areas (around) is obtained from sources from outside the city of Banjarmasin, even from outside the region, who will provide identification of project description data and will be analyzed. From the analysis of this type of foundation, it will be seen whether it is possible to have other forms or variations in the development of foundations on soft soil.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4. Usage Analysis of Foundation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe identified type of foundation will be analyzed according to its use. Analysis of usability according to the load function of the foundation includes: 1 (one) floor low building, fence, and retaining wall of earthfill. Identification of uses will describe materials (materials), methods of implementation and others.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5. Conclusions and Recommendations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe conclusion of the analysis and research results will answer the problem of identifying comparisons of foundations in Banjarmasin and other areas, followed by suggestions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe selection of the foundation is carried out by considering the condition of the land and according to the load it bears. According to land conditions, Banjarmasin has 3 (three) characteristics of land conditions, namely dry conditions, shallow water, and deep water. Meanwhile, according to the load (or its use) the foundation referred to in this paper is a shallow foundation for buildings (low level), fences and earthfill walls. In general, the known shallow foundations are stone material or reinforced concrete slabs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn dry land, it is usually in the form of hard soil so that it has a large soil bearing capacity to support the foundation load. But in watery conditions land (in this case Banjarmasin) has soft soil with low soil bearing capacity. This watery/swampy land is not like hard land which is strong to support the foundation load directly. This marshland does not have sufficient bearing capacity to support the building.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Identification of Foundation in Banjarmasin\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrom the survey results / field observations, it was found that the types of foundations in Banjarmasin are generally divided according to the material of the building supports, namely wooden pile foundations and concrete pile foundations. For small loads such as buildings (houses) of the semi-permanent type, wooden pile foundations are generally used. As for large loads such as permanent/modern buildings, concrete pile foundations are used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Identification of Foundations Around Banjarmasin\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSome areas around Banjarmasin have various land conditions, but most of them are dry land conditions. Only a few areas also have water conditions similar to those in Banjarmasin.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn dry land conditions, stone foundations are commonly used in several areas. The type of stone material is local material in the form of mountain rock. In some areas also found the use of limestone for foundations.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor watery land conditions, pile foundations were found, either wooden piles or concrete piles. Picture. Foundations for Tanah Bumbu, Kotabaru, Kandangan, Amuntai, and Tabalong Areas In some areas, concrete foundations are used even though the land is dry and watery.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on soil conditions, stone foundations are used for dry land conditions according to the load, and this is usually carried out on hard soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor light loads (low) 1 (one) floor buildings such as residential houses, in some dry areas you can use stone foundations or wooden pile foundations for light loads. Concrete pile foundations are used for heavier loads or modern buildings. However, for watery land conditions, a wooden pile foundation or concrete pile can be used, but with the reinforcement of wooden stakes (galam).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor the load of the use of the fence, the wooden pile foundation is only for fences with lightweight materials. For heavy fence materials such as brick/stone, the wooden pile foundation is no longer suitable for its function. Must use a concrete pile foundation which is certainly more economically wasteful.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor the load of the earthfill retaining wall, it is not very suitable for a wooden pile foundation but it will be very uneconomical to use a concrete pile foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhat about the use of stone foundations on soft soils (watery wetlands) are:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- done in dry conditions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- used deep foundations (stakes)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe method of implementing stone foundations in dry conditions should take into account the condition of the water surface which can change so that it can affect the bearing capacity of the soil from dry with strong bearing capacity to watery conditions with weak bearing capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe use of foundations in Banjarmasin is almost the same as in other areas, depending on the load and condition of the land. In terms of the use of the load it supports, such as low-rise buildings, with watery land conditions with low soil bearing capacity, wooden pile foundations with galam reinforcement are used. But for the use of the fence used a concrete foundation which is economically more expensive. This is because the use of wooden posts is not commonly used for fences with heavy load materials. For the load of multi-storey buildings (heavy) and modern materials used concrete slab foundations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is special is when the use of earthfill retaining walls is used, there will be a choice of a concrete foundation or a stone foundation. Concrete foundations can be used but with consideration of the cost of implementation that is no longer economical.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere have been attempts to use stone foundations in some land conditions such as dry land. The implementation of stone foundations on soft soil in the field is carried out when the land conditions are dry. For areas with dry land conditions, the soil conditions are usually harder with greater carrying capacity, so locally available materials, either mountain stone or limestone, are used.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeldiansyah M (2014) Afief Ma'ruf and Wiku Adhiwicaksana Krasna, \u003cem\u003eInovasi Desain Pondasi Kacapuri Di Atas Tanah Gambut yang Distabilitasi\u003c/em\u003e. J Lanting 3(1):37\u0026ndash;47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIskandar (2000) \u003cem\u003eTinjauan Kapasitas Dukung Teoritis Fondasi Kacapuri.\u003c/em\u003e Jurnal Info Teknik., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13\u0026ndash;21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTjandrawibawa S, Wijaya Gunawan. (2000) Jimmy Efendy \u0026amp;. \u003cem\u003eImproving the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Using Curecules: A Model Study\u003c/em\u003e. Civil Engineering Dimensions. vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 92\u0026ndash;95\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMuda A (2016) Analysis of Shallow Foundation Soil Bearing Capacity Based on Laboratory Data. Intekna J,. 16, 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMa'ruf M (2015) Afief., Ulfa Fitriati, \u0026amp; Lailan Ni'mah. \u003cem\u003eCarrying Capacity of Alternative Kacapuri Foundation in Clay Soil\u003c/em\u003e. Journal of Technical Information. vol. 5, no. 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnwar R (2019) Efficiency Analysis of Design Types of Shallow Foundations in Simple House Designs. Cerucuk J, 10, 10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRusdiansyah, Indrasurya B, Mochtar, Noor Endah Mochtar (2015). \u003cem\u003eEffect of Depth, Spacing, and Number of Cones in Increasing Soft Soil Shear Resistance Based on Laboratory Modeling\u003c/em\u003e. (Ed.). Proceedings of the National Seminar on T. Civil Unlam Sustainable Development in Wetlands. Banjarmasin: 16\u0026ndash;17 October 2015\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuyuti JT, Muhammad Darwis (2018) \u0026amp;. \u003cem\u003ePrediction of the Stability of Traditional Cure Foundations in High-rise Buildings on Very Soft Ground.\u003c/em\u003e (Ed.) National Conference on Civil Engineering 12. Batam: September 18\u0026ndash;19 2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYudiawati Y (2008) Ahmad Marzuki. \u003cem\u003eShallow Foundation on Soft Soil With Galam Reinforcement Based on Field Experiments\u003c/em\u003e. J Tech Informationvol 9(2):212\u0026ndash;217\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRifky A (2014) Comparative Study of Galam Wood Foundation and Mini Pile in a Residential Building Type Red Valerian Citra Garden Banjarmasin Complex. Engineering Journal. 2, 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuhaimi M, Fathurrozi, Aspihani M, Rahman (2017) Comparison of ultimate bearing capacity of piles between theoretical methods and actual methods with pile configuration and depth. Civil Eng Gradation J. 1, 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEliatun (2018) \u0026amp; Darmansyah Tjidradi. \u003cem\u003eHousing Development With Construction Design In Wetlands In The City Of Banjarmasin Using Operations Research\u003c/em\u003e. Civil Engineering Gradation Journal. vol. 2, no. 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNurfansyah MI, Saud PW, Wastuty AQ, Aini N (2020) Agusniansyah., \u003cem\u003eDevelopment of Wooden Pillar Foundations for Residential Houses in Banjarmasin\u003c/em\u003e. Journal of Technical Info vol. 21, no. 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAfni SN, Rusdi HA, Retna Hapsari K (2016) Analysis of the use of concrete as an alternative to ironwood in traditional foundation types for buildings on soft soil in Banjarmasin. J Tech Inform. 6, 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"identification, foundation, soft soil, swampland","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4474540/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4474540/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe condition of the land in Banjarmasin is swamp land (soft soil) with low bearing capacity so that a special and suitable foundation is needed. This makes the uniqueness and characteristics of the foundations that are often applied in this area. This is an advanced application of the shallow foundation type. This study will be carried out in the form of types including shallow foundations. Field observation studies were carried out at various construction sites in Banjarmasin and the surrounding area, especially objects of low-rise buildings and other uses such as fences and earthfill retaining walls. The purpose of this study is to provide an applicative description of the foundation in the Banjarmasin swamp land with a comparison of the types of foundations in the surrounding area. It will identify the foundation materials that can be applied and how the application techniques are implemented in the field.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Identification of Shallow Foundation In Swampland Banjarmasin","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-29 09:39:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4474540/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"57b7a91e-ce99-4267-bc71-e34db93ca5a5","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 29th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":32547092,"name":"Civil Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-29T09:39:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-29 09:39:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4474540","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4474540","identity":"rs-4474540","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}