Directional protection scheme using Impedance Approach for Transmission lines

Directional protection scheme using Impedance Approach for Transmission lines | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Directional protection scheme using Impedance Approach for Transmission lines Ahmed R. Adly, Mahmoud A. Elsadd, Mahmoud M. Elgamasy, Omar F. Fadl, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6489393/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Identifying the direction of fault is an essential mission of the transmission line protective scheme. This paper discusses a direction protective technique based on a positive impedance approach. The samples of the instantaneous positive sequence voltage component and the instantaneous positive sequence current component are used to determine the impedance approach and complete the Z matrix values. The fault direction can be determine using Z matrix values. Different configurations of the power system are utilized to examine the proposed protective scheme. Software ATP-EMTP (Simulation experiments) verified the feasibility of the presented scheme. To verify the capability and accuracy of presented scheme, it is examined by many fault scenarios such as high fault resistance, far end fault, cross-country fault, power flow change, single pole tripping, and noise impact. In addition, the validity of the presented scheme is compared with other protection directional schemes. Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Energy infrastructure/Energy grids and networks Directional relay Digital protection Z-matrix Transmission lines Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 06 May, 2025 Editor invited by journal 05 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 05 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 20 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6489393","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":453055911,"identity":"aacb6682-fd74-44b5-b902-a2ed94553d03","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmed R. 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