EEG-Based Neuroinflammation Diagnosis and Its Role in Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities (LDs) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Emerging research highlights the role of maternal autoimmune conditions, perinatal stress, and vitamin D deficiency in promoting neuroinflammation, which disrupts brain development. Chronic neuroinflammation, driven by activated microglia and astrocytes, is associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers provide a non-invasive approach for detecting neuroinflammatory patterns, enabling early diagnosis and targeted intervention. This study explores the diagnostic potential of EEG in identifying neuroinflammatory states linked to LDs, focusing on theta, gamma, and alpha oscillations as key indicators of disrupted neurophysiology. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are employed to classify EEG patterns, achieving high diagnostic accuracy. By integrating neurophysiological and inflammatory markers, this approach advances precision medicine for neurodevelopmental disorders.