The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Midlatitude Trough and Subauroral Ion Drifts during a Geomagnetic Storm Observed by Multiple DMSP Satellites

The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Midlatitude Trough and Subauroral Ion Drifts during a Geomagnetic Storm Observed by Multiple DMSP Satellites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Midlatitude Trough and Subauroral Ion Drifts during a Geomagnetic Storm Observed by Multiple DMSP Satellites Heechan Cha, Jerry Goldstein, Keiichi Ogasawara, Toshi Nishimura, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5687298/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of Subauroral Ion Drifts (SAIDs) and a midlatitude trough during a geomagnetic storm over storm timescales. Using data from multiple Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, we analyze the evolution of a SAID event and its connection to the midlatitude trough. During the main phase of an intense geomagnetic storm (Dst $<$-100 nT), the SAID exhibited an equatorward movement of approximately 2.5$^{\circ}$ in magnetic latitude (MLAT), while the width of the high-speed channel associated with the SAID broadened by 1.2$^{\circ}$ in MLAT over a 4-hour period. As the original channel broadened, another flow channel emerged nearby and formed a new trough. The midlatitude trough associated with the SAID evolved through three stages: (1) a mild gradient structure emerged, (2) a sharp gradient appeared near the ionospheric projection of the plasmapause, and (3) a persistent deep ionization trough was observed near the density minimum. Two peaks were found in the AE index during the appearance of the flow channels and a midlatitude trough in the SAID event. These results suggest that the evolution of the flow channels and a midlatitude trough associated with the SAID are closely linked to geomagnetic storm conditions and substorm activity. Our study highlights the importance of multi-satellite observations in capturing these dynamic processes. Full Text Supplementary Files graphicalabstract.png Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5687298","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410308786,"identity":"daa42ba3-f1e1-46fd-8a12-acd29ec9edf2","order_by":0,"name":"Heechan 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During the main phase of an intense geomagnetic storm (Dst $\u0026lt;$-100 nT), the SAID exhibited an equatorward movement of approximately 2.5$^{\\circ}$ in magnetic latitude (MLAT), while the width of the high-speed channel associated with the SAID broadened by 1.2$^{\\circ}$ in MLAT over a 4-hour period.\nAs the original channel broadened, another flow channel emerged nearby and formed a new trough.\nThe midlatitude trough associated with the SAID evolved through three stages: (1) a mild gradient structure emerged, (2) a sharp gradient appeared near the ionospheric projection of the plasmapause, and (3) a persistent deep ionization trough was observed near the density minimum. \nTwo peaks were found in the AE index during the appearance of the flow channels and a midlatitude trough in the SAID event. \nThese results suggest that the evolution of the flow channels and a midlatitude trough associated with the SAID are closely linked to geomagnetic storm conditions and substorm activity. \nOur study highlights the importance of multi-satellite observations in capturing these dynamic processes.","manuscriptTitle":"The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Midlatitude Trough and Subauroral Ion Drifts during a Geomagnetic Storm Observed by Multiple DMSP Satellites","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-20 19:04:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5687298/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1908d304-de64-4471-a781-b8d7b9dcd890","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-03T03:50:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-20 19:04:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5687298","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5687298","identity":"rs-5687298","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}