Systematic Reconstruction Design of the LingTai Water-powered Celestial Globe in Ancient China

Systematic Reconstruction Design of the LingTai Water-powered Celestial Globe in Ancient China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Systematic Reconstruction Design of the LingTai Water-powered Celestial Globe in Ancient China Kan Shi, Jun Wang, Qiang Zhang, Zongjia wang, Zhiwei Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4690536/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe is a hydraulic astronomical instrument invented by Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty, which can demonstrate the motion of the heavenly bodies automatically and approximately correctly Due to its long history, the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe has been lost and is only briefly recorded in ancient texts. This thesis is based on Yan's(颜氏) ancient mechanical restoration design method,and analyzes the topological structure of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, and summarize the topological structure characteristics, design specifications, and design requirements and limitations. This thesis proposes a new representation of joints and rods to represent the structure of the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, avoiding the complication of the problem caused by the excessive number of rods. According to the creative design steps of Yan's(颜氏) mechanism, the possible rods and kinematic subsets of each part are analyzed, and the feasible generalized chain diagram is obtained by number synthesis, then the feasible specialized chain diagram is obtained by specialization procedure, and then the joints and rods are assigned to obtain the feasible specialized chain diagram with specified characteristics, and finally all feasible design diagrams are obtained. Combined with the design mapping of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, the overall structure of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, Completed solid modeling and prototyping, and finally proved through experiments that the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe can meet the design objectives. Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Astronomy and astrophysics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files hxjsd.xlsx hxsy.xlsx rhjsd.xlsx yhjsd.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4690536","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":332767297,"identity":"15028d45-e7ba-459f-bb8e-985284205316","order_by":0,"name":"Kan Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kan","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":332767298,"identity":"8b4c13da-f697-496c-866b-0e55154d41c6","order_by":1,"name":"Jun Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jun","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":332767301,"identity":"549fcaf4-207a-4ab0-aac8-40a68d11bbe5","order_by":2,"name":"Qiang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":332767302,"identity":"0c083a8b-29d1-4179-98ca-8b156947f571","order_by":3,"name":"Zongjia wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zongjia","middleName":"","lastName":"wang","suffix":""},{"id":332767306,"identity":"487ec0d9-7ece-4212-877b-ed9d032d5777","order_by":4,"name":"Zhiwei Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAr0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACGxk2UrWk8ZCs5TAP8WrlZ+QYfi74dZ6HTyL5AMOPim2EtTDOyDGWntl3m4dNIi2BsefMbcJamKVzN0jz9gC18JwxYGZsI0ILm3Tu5t+8PeeAWs5/IE4Lj3TuNmmeHwd42Nh7GIjTIiH//ps1b0MyUEubwUGi/CLfcyz5Ns8fOzn5ZuaHD35UEKEFDBjbIPQBItWDwB8S1I6CUTAKRsHIAwAnzjOMDVgquAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhiwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-05 07:51:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4690536/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4690536/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78655872,"identity":"6e8a4646-33be-4fd5-9a52-9a951b30fde0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-17 09:24:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1190785,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SR.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4690536/v1_covered_9a44ffcb-4636-401c-831d-0307544e1acd.pdf"},{"id":61461276,"identity":"dcb5695a-ef9e-4186-98d1-37761fc74166","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-31 04:45:28","extension":"xlsx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":9697,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"hxjsd.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4690536/v1/c9d43ff5a997484f102dc50c.xlsx"},{"id":61461281,"identity":"96688338-47b7-4734-9b36-a9437e793b59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-31 04:45:29","extension":"xlsx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":10884,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"hxsy.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4690536/v1/696a4cb0ec543cf2278ef946.xlsx"},{"id":61461279,"identity":"618ad354-e67e-491f-9a77-9ec4c287cd94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-31 04:45:29","extension":"xlsx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":10883,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rhjsd.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4690536/v1/a9176df0f06a5c3111bd2a3a.xlsx"},{"id":61461278,"identity":"8e904ae3-071f-4264-8cfd-00a1e6fa3ec4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-31 04:45:29","extension":"xlsx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":10866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"yhjsd.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4690536/v1/e593fadffe64e463fcf6312a.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Systematic Reconstruction Design of the LingTai Water-powered Celestial Globe in Ancient China","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4690536/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4690536/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe is a hydraulic astronomical instrument invented by Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty, which can demonstrate the motion of the heavenly bodies automatically and approximately correctly Due to its long history, the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe has been lost and is only briefly recorded in ancient texts. This thesis is based on Yan's(颜氏) ancient mechanical restoration design method,and analyzes the topological structure of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, and summarize the topological structure characteristics, design specifications, and design requirements and limitations. This thesis proposes a new representation of joints and rods to represent the structure of the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, avoiding the complication of the problem caused by the excessive number of rods. According to the creative design steps of Yan's(颜氏) mechanism, the possible rods and kinematic subsets of each part are analyzed, and the feasible generalized chain diagram is obtained by number synthesis, then the feasible specialized chain diagram is obtained by specialization procedure, and then the joints and rods are assigned to obtain the feasible specialized chain diagram with specified characteristics, and finally all feasible design diagrams are obtained. Combined with the design mapping of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, the overall structure of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, Completed solid modeling and prototyping, and finally proved through experiments that the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe can meet the design objectives.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Systematic Reconstruction Design of the LingTai Water-powered Celestial Globe in Ancient China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-31 04:45:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4690536/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"615cfb07-b87c-4997-a0ee-2bc3ec89ccbc","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 31st, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":35233361,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering"},{"id":35233362,"name":"Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Astronomy and astrophysics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-17T09:23:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-31 04:45:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4690536","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4690536","identity":"rs-4690536","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}