Impact of superhydrophobic slip surface on modulating the hemodynamics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve under functional and dysfunctional states

Impact of superhydrophobic slip surface on modulating the hemodynamics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve under functional and dysfunctional states | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Impact of superhydrophobic slip surface on modulating the hemodynamics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve under functional and dysfunctional states Anant Chauhan, Chandi Sasmal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7430730/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Valvular heart diseases are on the rise globally, often causing damage or complete destruction of our naive heart valves, necessitating their replacement with artificial mechanical heart valves (MHVs). Among various types, the bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) are the most advanced and widely used ones due to their superior durability and flow characteristics. However, they are not without limitations, particularly the lifelong requirement of anticoagulation therapy to prevent or minimise the formation of thrombi due to damage to red blood cells (RBCs) and the activation of platelets. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been spent to improve the performance of BMHVs, particularly focusing on surface modifications through coatings or micro-and nano-texturing processes. These modifications render the valve leaflet surfaces superhydrophobic, increasing the blood-repelling tendency and reducing the chances of blood cell damage by diminishing their interaction with the valve wall. However, how these surface modifications led to slip conditions on the valve surfaces that influence the corresponding hemodynamics of a BMHVs is still poorly understood. This is a vital gap in the literature, as hemodynamic performance directly influences several parameters of clinical importance, such as pressure gradients, wall shear stress (WSS), blood damage index (BDI), etc., all of which ultimately decide the functional efficiency of an MHV. To fulfil this gap, this study performs extensive direct numerical simulations (DNS) for both functional and dysfunctional conditions of a bileaflet valve and provides a direct scope for comparison of whether the slip conditions induced by valve surface superhydrophobicity improve the hemodynamics or not compared to a surface with no slip conditions. The present analysis shows that the influence of slip or no-slip conditions on the hemodynamics strongly depends on the time instances of the cardiac cycle and valve functional conditions. A detailed comparison is presented and discussed in terms of surface contours of velocity magnitude, von Mises stresses, and kymograph of the axial velocity component, as well as surface or volume-averaged parameters including WSS, BDI, etc. Therefore, the findings of this study would provide valuable guidance in designing and developing the next-generation MHVs with superhydrophobic surfaces, aiming to increase biocompatibility and long-term performance. mechanical heart valve superhydrophobic hemodynamics slip numerical simulations Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7430730","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":534481248,"identity":"9d81f703-d3cc-42c9-8b2f-121006e0de95","order_by":0,"name":"Anant Chauhan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anant","middleName":"","lastName":"Chauhan","suffix":""},{"id":534481249,"identity":"fc6949dd-5752-4efc-9854-54d8afa33a7e","order_by":1,"name":"Chandi 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states","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"mechanical heart valve, superhydrophobic, hemodynamics, slip, numerical 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Among various types, the bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) are the most advanced and widely used ones due to their superior durability and flow characteristics. However, they are not without limitations, particularly the lifelong requirement of anticoagulation therapy to prevent or minimise the formation of thrombi due to damage to red blood cells (RBCs) and the activation of platelets. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been spent to improve the performance of BMHVs, particularly focusing on surface modifications through coatings or micro-and nano-texturing processes. These modifications render the valve leaflet surfaces superhydrophobic, increasing the blood-repelling tendency and reducing the chances of blood cell damage by diminishing their interaction with the valve wall. However, how these surface modifications led to slip conditions on the valve surfaces that influence the corresponding hemodynamics of a BMHVs is still poorly understood. This is a vital gap in the literature, as hemodynamic performance directly influences several parameters of clinical importance, such as pressure gradients, wall shear stress (WSS), blood damage index (BDI), etc., all of which ultimately decide the functional efficiency of an MHV. To fulfil this gap, this study performs extensive direct numerical simulations (DNS) for both functional and dysfunctional conditions of a bileaflet valve and provides a direct scope for comparison of whether the slip conditions induced by valve surface superhydrophobicity improve the hemodynamics or not compared to a surface with no slip conditions. The present analysis shows that the influence of slip or no-slip conditions on the hemodynamics strongly depends on the time instances of the cardiac cycle and valve functional conditions. 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