Insulin resistance and other risk factors of cardiovascular disease amongst women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Andrea C. Salcedo, Hannah Shehata, Abigail Berry, Christopher Riba
In: Journal of Metabolic Health · 2022 · vol. 5(1) · doi:10.4102/jir.v5i1.67 · W4283644333
article OA: diamond CC0 ⤵ 1 in-corpus citation
🔓 Open OA copy Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This study found that 38%-66% of women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) were insulin resistant, with BMI and waist-hip ratio being independent predictors of this resistance.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-11 · read from full text ⓘ

This observational study evaluated cardiovascular disease risk factors and independent predictors of insulin resistance (IR) in 77 premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) by assessing medical history, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, and lipid profiles. It found that 38%–66% of participants were insulin resistant depending on the fasting insulin cut-off, with high prevalence of smoking history, central adiposity (waist–hip ratio), obesity, and dyslipidemia; women with higher fasting insulin were more likely to have low HDL and/or elevated triglycerides and to be obese. Univariate analyses linked IR with BMI, waist–hip ratio, and HDL, while multivariate analysis using the lower fasting insulin cut-off identified BMI and waist–hip ratio as independent predictors of IR. The paper does not state a specific limitation in the provided text beyond its observational design and the use of fasting insulin cut-offs. Relevance to endometriosis: the study is not about endometriosis, but it focuses on abnormal uterine bleeding as a related gynecologic condition with metabolic risk factors potentially overlapping with endometriosis-associated comorbidities in the corpus.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Background: Studies indicate the presence of cardiovascular disease risk amongst patients with uterine fibroids and polycystic ovarian syndrome.Aim: The researchers aimed to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and independent predictors of insulin resistance (IR) amongst women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).Methods: This observational study examined 77 premenopausal subjects with AUB. Their medical history, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin (FI), haemoglobin A1c, creatinine and lipids were evaluated. Subjects were subdivided using insulin levels and compared. Insulin resistance was defined at two FI levels: 10 μU/mL and 15 μU/mL.Results: A total of 91% of participants had smoking history, 62% had a WHR 0.80, 45% were obese and most had dyslipidaemia. In all, 38% – 66% were insulin resistant, depending on cut-off used. At FI 10 μU/mL, subjects were significantly more likely to have a WHR 0.8, be obese and have low HDL. At FI 15 μU/mL, subjects were significantly more likely to have low HDL, elevated triglycerides, a WHR 0.8 and be obese. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between IR in AUB and BMI, WHR and HDL for both FI cut-offs. Multivariate analysis using the lower FI cut-off revealed BMI and WHR were significant independent predictors of IR in AUB.Conclusion: This study reveals the prevalence of IR (66%) and other predictors of cardiovascular disease are greater in AUB in this population than the general US population. Body mass index and WHR are independent predictors of IR in AUB. Low HDL, elevated triglycerides and ethnicity are also significantly associated with IR in AUB depending on the definition used.
Full text 3,328 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · 5 sections · click to expand

Abstract

Background: Studies indicate the presence of cardiovascular disease risk amongst patients with uterine fibroids and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Aim: The researchers aimed to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and independent predictors of insulin resistance (IR) amongst women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

Methods

This observational study examined 77 premenopausal subjects with AUB. Their medical history, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin (FI), haemoglobin A1c, creatinine and lipids were evaluated. Subjects were subdivided using insulin levels and compared. Insulin resistance was defined at two FI levels: > 10 μU/mL and > 15 μU/mL.

Results

A total of 91% of participants had smoking history, 62% had a WHR > 0.80, 45% were obese and most had dyslipidaemia. In all, 38% – 66% were insulin resistant, depending on cut-off used. At FI > 10 μU/mL, subjects were significantly more likely to have a WHR > 0.8, be obese and have low HDL. At FI > 15 μU/mL, subjects were significantly more likely to have low HDL, elevated triglycerides, a WHR > 0.8 and be obese. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between IR in AUB and BMI, WHR and HDL for both FI cut-offs. Multivariate analysis using the lower FI cut-off revealed BMI and WHR were significant independent predictors of IR in AUB.

Conclusion

This study reveals the prevalence of IR (66%) and other predictors of cardiovascular disease are greater in AUB in this population than the general US population. Body mass index and WHR are independent predictors of IR in AUB. Low HDL, elevated triglycerides and ethnicity are also significantly associated with IR in AUB depending on the definition used.

Keywords

Metrics Total abstract views: 7775Total article views: 10995 Crossref Citations 1. Therapeutic Carbohydrate Restriction as a Metabolic Modality for the Prevention and Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Andrea C. Salcedo, Jane Yun, Cody Carter, Elaine Hart Nutrients vol: 15 issue: 17 first page: 3760 year: 2023 doi: 10.3390/nu15173760 2. The Interplay of Uterine Health and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review Dina Šišljagić, Senka Blažetić, Marija Heffer, Mihaela Vranješ Delać, Andrijana Muller Biomedicines vol: 12 issue: 12 first page: 2801 year: 2024 doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12122801 3. Renal Biomarkers and Early Kidney Injury in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review S. Elavarasan, R. Sudarsana, Ginu D Mohan, E. Rathnasabapathi, C. Jeyam, J. Pooja Anbu, M. Jayakumar KIDNEYS vol: 15 issue: 1 first page: 77 year: 2026 doi: 10.65327/kidneys.v15i1.625

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (41)

Cited by (1)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK