The spatiotemporal changes of urban thermal environment influenced by landscape patterns—based on panel data model

The spatiotemporal changes of urban thermal environment influenced by landscape patterns—based on panel data model | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report The spatiotemporal changes of urban thermal environment influenced by landscape patterns—based on panel data model Ting Chen, Zhibin Ren, Yao Fu, Chang Liu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3978540/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the development of urbanization, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the urban landscape pattern play a decisive role in the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Most of the current dynamic studies utilizing single cross-section data are labor-intensive and lack continuity. A panel data model was constructed to study the relationship between the urban heat island effect and landscape pattern in Kunming from 1995 to 2020 at four different scales. An ordinary least squares model was constructed to verify the reliability of the panel data model results. The results indicate: (1) Kunming City's landscape pattern has undergone significant changes over time, with an increase in artificial patches and a decrease in natural patches; (2) The UHI effect in Kunming City is evident, with the low-temperature zone gradually decreasing to disappearance and a significant increase in the high-temperature zone; (3) With an increase in scale, the number of influencing variables continues to grow, and the impact of artificial patches gradually intensifies;(4) The normalized difference water index (NDWI) has the greatest influence on the surface thermal radiance, and the cooling effect is more obvious with the increase in scale. Unlike previous studies, the spatial configuration of the landscape in Kunming City had a stronger effect on the UHI effect than the landscape grouping and vegetation index;(5) This paper introduces the panel data model into the discussion of the UHI for the first time, providing a new method for better understanding the changing patterns of the urban thermal environment. Panel Data Model Urban Heat Island Landscape Pattern Kunming Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3978540","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":280461751,"identity":"eec45c0e-08cd-414e-b58b-a23b7c03d95c","order_by":0,"name":"Ting Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ting","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":280461752,"identity":"d275ceee-876d-45fb-8143-9a1270fa7884","order_by":1,"name":"Zhibin Ren","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhibin","middleName":"","lastName":"Ren","suffix":""},{"id":280461753,"identity":"30767f24-7a0e-44db-b6a7-7f9bf65788ff","order_by":2,"name":"Yao Fu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yuxi Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yao","middleName":"","lastName":"Fu","suffix":""},{"id":280461754,"identity":"a7c303e5-3f2b-4688-aebe-b547f4039999","order_by":3,"name":"Chang Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZiB+YMAgx8DA+ADKJUZLggGDMZBlQKQWEEhgYEhsIFqLbjv74w8JBYfT589IZpNgqLBObGA/ewCvFrPDPGYSCQaHczfcAGk5k57YwJOXQEgLGwNYi3T+MQnGtsOJDRI8BgS0gBxmcDhdfjbQFsZ/RGlhMAA5LIHhNkhLA1FawH5JN9xw/zGzRcKxdOM2nhwCWs4ff/zhwx9refmew4w3PtRYy/azn8GvBRUkADEbCepHwSgYBaNgFOAAAPw8QOM+BhSpAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-22 12:15:41","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3978540/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3978540/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":58710898,"identity":"27ac5ce0-1b24-47b6-a565-0b1b5550eb91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-20 06:35:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":906335,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3978540/v1_covered_687283bf-2dcb-4b8e-a3a2-5b14b9a3ca43.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The spatiotemporal changes of urban thermal environment influenced by landscape patterns—based on panel data model","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Panel Data Model, Urban Heat Island, Landscape Pattern, Kunming","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3978540/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3978540/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWith the development of urbanization, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the urban landscape pattern play a decisive role in the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Most of the current dynamic studies utilizing single cross-section data are labor-intensive and lack continuity. A panel data model was constructed to study the relationship between the urban heat island effect and landscape pattern in Kunming from 1995 to 2020 at four different scales. An ordinary least squares model was constructed to verify the reliability of the panel data model results. 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