Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries by Eu-doped Na12(NbO)3(PO4)7 Anode Material

Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries by Eu-doped Na12(NbO)3(PO4)7 Anode Material | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries by Eu-doped Na12(NbO)3(PO4)7 Anode Material Xue Zhang, Qiankun Li, Yuandong Wu, Yu Zhang, Hua Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7600500/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The cycling stability and rate performance of niobium-based anode materials remain constrained by slow sodium ion diffusion coefficient ( D Na + ) and poor electronic conductivity, which limits their practical application in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Crystal structure modulation can significantly enhance D Na + by expanding three-dimensional (3D) ion transport channels and optimizing Na + migration pathways. Herein, a series of Eu-doped phosphate materials, Na 12 (NbO) 3− x Eu x (PO 4 ) 7 with different doping amount of Eu, were synthesized for fabricating the anode of SIBs via a facile high-temperature solid-state method. Among them, the Na 12 (NbO) 2.94 Eu 0.06 (PO 4 ) 7 ( Eu-0.06 ) anode material exhibits a D( Na + ) of 10 − 10 -10 − 8 cm 2 s − 1 and an impedance of 118.9 Ω. At a current density of 500 mA g − 1 , Eu-0.06 electrode demonstrates a high reversible specific capacity of 189.5 mA h g − 1 after 500 cycles with excellent capacity retention rate of 92.6%. In addition, the charge-discharge mechanism was proved by ex-situ XRD and ex-situ XPS analysis. The kinetic information obtained from cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals that pseudocapacitive effects play a significant role in the specific capacity. As the results, we successfully developed Na 12 (NbO) 2.94 Eu 0.06 (PO 4 ) 7 as an efficient anode material for high-performance SIBs which provided potential designing strategy based on the charge-discharge mechanism. Sodium-ion batteries Anode material Na12(NbO)3(PO4)7 Eu-doped Structural stability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformation.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7600500","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":534101551,"identity":"ac11af8b-22d9-431c-8fbd-314fe9b0d481","order_by":0,"name":"Xue Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xue","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":534101552,"identity":"545f59e0-6145-4e9b-93e2-20dea56a56eb","order_by":1,"name":"Qiankun Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai University of Engineering 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Material","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Sodium-ion batteries, Anode material, Na12(NbO)3(PO4)7, Eu-doped, Structural stability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7600500/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7600500/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe cycling stability and rate performance of niobium-based anode materials remain constrained by slow sodium ion diffusion coefficient (\u003cem\u003eD\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eNa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e+\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e) and poor electronic conductivity, which limits their practical application in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Crystal structure modulation can significantly enhance \u003cem\u003eD\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eNa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e+\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e by expanding three-dimensional (3D) ion transport channels and optimizing Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e migration pathways. Herein, a series of Eu-doped phosphate materials, Na\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e(NbO)\u003csub\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003eEu\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e(PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e with different doping amount of Eu, were synthesized for fabricating the anode of SIBs via a facile high-temperature solid-state method. Among them, the Na\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e(NbO)\u003csub\u003e2.94\u003c/sub\u003eEu\u003csub\u003e0.06\u003c/sub\u003e(PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e (\u003cb\u003eEu-0.06\u003c/b\u003e) anode material exhibits a D(\u003csub\u003eNa\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e) of 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/sup\u003e-10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;8\u003c/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e s\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and an impedance of 118.9 Ω. At a current density of 500 mA g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cb\u003eEu-0.06\u003c/b\u003e electrode demonstrates a high reversible specific capacity of 189.5 mA h g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e after 500 cycles with excellent capacity retention rate of 92.6%. In addition, the charge-discharge mechanism was proved by \u003cem\u003eex-situ\u003c/em\u003e XRD and \u003cem\u003eex-situ\u003c/em\u003e XPS analysis. The kinetic information obtained from cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals that pseudocapacitive effects play a significant role in the specific capacity. As the results, we successfully developed Na\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e(NbO)\u003csub\u003e2.94\u003c/sub\u003eEu\u003csub\u003e0.06\u003c/sub\u003e(PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e as an efficient anode material for high-performance SIBs which provided potential designing strategy based on the charge-discharge mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries by Eu-doped Na12(NbO)3(PO4)7 Anode Material","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-27 11:33:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7600500/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bcc61d2b-5579-4f0a-b51b-181910b28b41","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-12T11:39:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-27 11:33:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7600500","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7600500","identity":"rs-7600500","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}