A SFQ-to-CMOS Interface Circuit Based on SiGe BiCMOS for Josephson-CMOS Hybrid System

A SFQ-to-CMOS Interface Circuit Based on SiGe BiCMOS for Josephson-CMOS Hybrid System | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A SFQ-to-CMOS Interface Circuit Based on SiGe BiCMOS for Josephson-CMOS Hybrid System Zhichao Chen, Xingyu Zhang, Lixing You, Lingyun Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4813606/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Low Temperature Physics → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Conventional interfaces for a Josephson-CMOS hybrid system typically rely on Josephson latching drivers (JLDs) or SQUID (Superconducting Quantum InterferenceDevice) stacks to convert weak signals, which are then connected to additional amplifiers providing outputs of 1.2 V or 1.8 V. JLDs output tens of millivolts but require AC bias and precise clock alignment. SQUID stacks reach frequencies of tens of GHz but output few millivolts voltages and occupy large area. To address these challenges, an interface based on SiGe BiCMOS(Silicon-Germanium Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Fabricated using the 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process, the interface converts 200 μV voltage signals to 1.2 V and consumes only 386 μW per channel at 4.2 K. In low-frequency measurement, the hybrid system supports 21-channel signals conversion without requiring additional CMOS amplifiers, simplifying cryogenic system design. Advantages include eliminating the need for AC bias and clock alignment, while drawbacks like limited speed are also discussed. This technology facilitates the practical application of multichannel superconducting computers and other applications that require efficient signal conversion, making it one of the most promising interface solutions for the hybrid system. Superconducting integrated circuit SiGe BiCMOS interface cryogenic digital system Josephson-CMOS hybrid system Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Low Temperature Physics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 05 Feb, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jan, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Aug, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 27 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4813606","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":338545537,"identity":"abc50354-b4f5-45e0-a201-4b61f612c44d","order_by":0,"name":"Zhichao Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYGhgMMDAYg9gcgZmMnRQvjDJAWZqJsgmph5gFxCGkxbz/c9vDHmcPy5uy9zx7b/Nomz8fMwPjhYw5uLTJnEtuNeW4cNtzZc9zcOLfvtmEbMwOz5MxtuLVIMCS2STN8OJxgcCONTTq35zYjUAsbMy8+LfwP2yR/gLTcf8Ymbdlz256wFonENgmgw4C2sLFJM/y4nUiElodt0jxn0g03nEljk+xtuJ3cxszYjN8v/OnPJH8cs5Y3OH6MTeLHn9u289ubD374iEcLFDRDKMY2MNlAUD0Q1EHpP8QoHgWjYBSMgpEGAGzqUKGX8yhLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhichao","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":338545538,"identity":"5310fc82-8609-4f67-81ba-9bf011294261","order_by":1,"name":"Xingyu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xingyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":338545539,"identity":"fe841afd-fb24-4b3e-843d-996630caf4ac","order_by":2,"name":"Lixing You","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lixing","middleName":"","lastName":"You","suffix":""},{"id":338545540,"identity":"00a590e9-dc2b-4792-a0b0-92602e1285df","order_by":3,"name":"Lingyun Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lingyun","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-27 14:53:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4813606/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4813606/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-025-03291-6","type":"published","date":"2025-04-01T15:57:15+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80082284,"identity":"6cb8042f-e6fb-483b-8db7-bb92e0b78dfe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-07 16:08:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14106512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ZhichaoChen1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4813606/v1_covered_dbe1f697-b30f-4934-8416-045cc1eb63f0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A SFQ-to-CMOS Interface Circuit Based on SiGe BiCMOS for Josephson-CMOS Hybrid System","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jltp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Low Temperature Physics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10909)","snPcode":"10909","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10909/3","title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Superconducting integrated circuit, SiGe BiCMOS interface, cryogenic digital system, Josephson-CMOS hybrid system","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4813606/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4813606/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Conventional interfaces for a Josephson-CMOS hybrid system typically rely on Josephson latching drivers (JLDs) or SQUID (Superconducting Quantum InterferenceDevice) stacks to convert weak signals, which are then connected to additional amplifiers providing outputs of 1.2 V or 1.8 V. 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