An algorithm for analyzing the feasibility and selecting the method for modifying solid oral dosage forms for individuals with swallowing difficulties

An algorithm for analyzing the feasibility and selecting the method for modifying solid oral dosage forms for individuals with swallowing difficulties | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 15 January 2026 V1 Latest version Share on An algorithm for analyzing the feasibility and selecting the method for modifying solid oral dosage forms for individuals with swallowing difficulties Authors : Gabrielly de Oliveira Ayres , Fernanda Teleginski Moreira , João Antonio Buhrer-Ferreira , Nicole Ribeiro , Daniele Priscila Fardin de Assunção , Arcelio Benetoli , Gerusa Clazer Halila Possagno , and Carolina Justus-Buhrer 0000-0003-1808-2107 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176849126.64437902/v1 109 views 64 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Aim : To develop and evaluate an algorithm to assess the feasibility of and select modification methods for solid oral dosage forms in individuals with swallowing difficulties Methods : This methodological study comprised three steps: development of an algorithm; conducting a narrative literature review to identify general and method-specific contraindications to modification; and application of the algorithm by four independent researchers to select the modification method for solid oral dosage forms from Brazil’s National List of Essential Medicines. Results : Of the 423 solid oral dosage forms analyzed, 85.3% contained sufficient information for algorithm application, whereas 14.7% required drug therapy adjustment. A total of 145 general contraindications to modification were identified, indicating a substantial risk of inappropriate use in individuals with swallowing difficulties. The most common general contraindications to modification were drugs with bitter or unpleasant taste (46.8%) and those that irritate the oral or esophageal mucosa (23.5%). When selecting a tablet modification method, dispersion was more commonly chosen than crushing (42.2% vs. 21.3%). Among eligible oral dosage forms considered for modification, 54.5% contained hazardous drugs, underscoring occupational risks associated with modification practices. Conclusion : The algorithm identified both general and specific contraindications and supported the selection of suitable modification methods, while also indicating when drug therapy adjustment may be necessary. Further studies are required to evaluate the algorithm’s impact on medication safety and to optimize nursing workload. Supplementary Material File (main document.docx) Download 32.43 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 15 January 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Authors Affiliations Gabrielly de Oliveira Ayres Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa View all articles by this author Fernanda Teleginski Moreira Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa View all articles by this author João Antonio Buhrer-Ferreira Faculdade Evangelica Mackenzie do Parana View all articles by this author Nicole Ribeiro Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa View all articles by this author Daniele Priscila Fardin de Assunção Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas View all articles by this author Arcelio Benetoli Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas View all articles by this author Gerusa Clazer Halila Possagno Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas View all articles by this author Carolina Justus-Buhrer 0000-0003-1808-2107 [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 109 views 64 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Gabrielly de Oliveira Ayres, Fernanda Teleginski Moreira, João Antonio Buhrer-Ferreira, et al. An algorithm for analyzing the feasibility and selecting the method for modifying solid oral dosage forms for individuals with swallowing difficulties. Authorea . 15 January 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176849126.64437902/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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