Characterization of Resistance in Iraqi Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum Under Field Conditions

Characterization of Resistance in Iraqi Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum Under Field Conditions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Characterization of Resistance in Iraqi Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum Under Field Conditions Hayder Azeez Ali This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8685855/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background This study tests the differential susceptibility of some Iraqi wheat cultivars towards FCR and FHB, to find out the tolerant varieties, and facilitate the breeding program, which hopefully admits greater productivity, grain safety, and food security. Objective To evaluate the resistance of twelve Iraqi wheat cultivars under field conditions against both FCR and FHB, and identify genotypes with dual resistance and yield stability. Methods Field trials were conducted in three Iraqi regions over two seasons using a randomized complete block design, with inoculation at tillering (FCR) and flowering (FHB), respectively. Evaluated were disease severity, FHB indices, grain yield, and thousand-grain weight. Results Tell Afar-2 and L14-22 rotated in Egypt showed the highest resistance (FCR DSI: 18.3% and 19.6%; FHB: 29.8% and 24.1%) with acceptable % yield losses (13.6–15.5% loss of yield), while Samarra-1 and Kani landrace were > 50% DI and > 35% loss of yield. Disease severity was strongly correlated with yield, with r = − 0.83 for FCR and − 0.79 for FHB (p < 0.001). Conclusion They identified resistant, agronomically stable cultivars in field trials, and recommend that further screening for dual resistance in a field be done for the best sustainable disease management in Iraq. (Triticum aestivum) Fusarium pseudograminearum Fusarium graminearum crown rot head blight cultivar resistance field trials yield loss Iraq Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. لايوجد تضارب مصالح Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8685855","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":595624023,"identity":"25a16fe8-ebf0-450a-9ede-fb210f443709","order_by":0,"name":"Hayder Azeez Ali","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCElEQVRIie3RsUrEMADG8S8U2iV3rjl6cK/QTlLo2Ve5UtDVyblSyC0B1xv0TRwiWeW6Fm6xi5OC4nKgg2lTxcFUR5H86ZCE/kiaAi7XHywCKVk3mHqABE3NMu2fH4hvyLF5dZwAhpi5+iTWDgN13jxfY+EHIOp0Xi8ytiJ3jxzzqfyeJCKvks09Yq4PpjZ0Fwu28uIrDjqzkEjmPKQSpCeU7ogmfjjRJLKRuuXhm0Q2kG2mSfA6Shq9i76qfCAy73bxxklbJUKygnuk1KQoxG1bzS63zP4t9Unb7GW6vDhQ6mUijpbrdXHz9HCWZrYbG+p+DSlBBMygXxknH+2/Tn5HXC6X6//3DnHXU9I80S0kAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hayder","middleName":"Azeez","lastName":"Ali","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-24 10:24:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8685855/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8685855/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108806925,"identity":"506c4e55-4e38-4d06-be84-72e781fa6233","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 15:29:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":551862,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AlSheblyHayderAzeezAli2C.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8685855/v1_covered_6c998a53-246f-4f6b-8329-4d446b3089a5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"Competing interest reported. لايوجد تضارب مصالح","formattedTitle":"Characterization of Resistance in Iraqi Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum Under Field Conditions","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"(Triticum aestivum), Fusarium pseudograminearum, Fusarium graminearum, crown rot, head blight, cultivar resistance, field trials, yield loss, Iraq","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8685855/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8685855/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study tests the differential susceptibility of some Iraqi wheat cultivars towards FCR and FHB, to find out the tolerant varieties, and facilitate the breeding program, which hopefully admits greater productivity, grain safety, and food security.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the resistance of twelve Iraqi wheat cultivars under field conditions against both FCR and FHB, and identify genotypes with dual resistance and yield stability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eField trials were conducted in three Iraqi regions over two seasons using a randomized complete block design, with inoculation at tillering (FCR) and flowering (FHB), respectively. Evaluated were disease severity, FHB indices, grain yield, and thousand-grain weight.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTell Afar-2 and L14-22 rotated in Egypt showed the highest resistance (FCR DSI: 18.3% and 19.6%; FHB: 29.8% and 24.1%) with acceptable % yield losses (13.6\u0026ndash;15.5% loss of yield), while Samarra-1 and Kani landrace were \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;50% DI and \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;35% loss of yield. Disease severity was strongly correlated with yield, with r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.83 for FCR and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.79 for FHB (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThey identified resistant, agronomically stable cultivars in field trials, and recommend that further screening for dual resistance in a field be done for the best sustainable disease management in Iraq.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Characterization of Resistance in Iraqi Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum Under Field Conditions","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-02 11:26:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8685855/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1627c5fa-31fb-44f1-b56c-36ab0bde609e","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-08T08:57:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-02 11:26:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8685855","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8685855","identity":"rs-8685855","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}