The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mediating Autoantibody and Immune Cell Entry in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparative Study

The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mediating Autoantibody and Immune Cell Entry in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparative Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mediating Autoantibody and Immune Cell Entry in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparative Study Sewanu Stephen Godonu, Aafrin Steffi Vijaya Kumar Glory, Delanno Brown This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6649929/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This systematic review explores the central role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in facilitating autoantibody and immune cell entry in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The immature pediatric BBB is more susceptible to inflammatory disruption, promoting CNS infiltration and neuronal damage. Clinical, imaging, and molecular data highlight early BBB breakdown as a key pathogenic event. Comparative findings underscore distinct pediatric immunopathology compared to adults. Early diagnosis and BBB-targeted interventions are essential to improve outcomes. Neurology Immunology Blood–brain barrier Anti-NMDAR encephalitis Pediatric neuroimmunology Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6649929","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":455603137,"identity":"9ad47d31-7650-425b-b574-73bba1934da1","order_by":0,"name":"Sewanu Stephen Godonu","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6575-7735","institution":"All American Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sewanu","middleName":"Stephen","lastName":"Godonu","suffix":""},{"id":455603351,"identity":"7a43f057-02cb-4835-83b7-42517ac80b3f","order_by":1,"name":"Aafrin Steffi Vijaya Kumar Glory","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All American Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aafrin","middleName":"Steffi Vijaya Kumar","lastName":"Glory","suffix":""},{"id":455603398,"identity":"5c689bd5-f114-4931-8737-72f93da3e964","order_by":2,"name":"Delanno Brown","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All American Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Delanno","middleName":"","lastName":"Brown","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-12 22:54:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6649929/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6649929/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82669466,"identity":"8821be4f-6766-4793-8269-20d033d48e4f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-14 02:25:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":554327,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TheRoleofBloodBrainBarrierDysfunctioninMediatingAutoantibodyandImmuneCellEntryinPediatricAntiNMDAReceptorEncephalitis1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6649929/v1_covered_c0abf76d-bc7d-4525-92d5-b7cbaa24f586.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mediating Autoantibody and Immune Cell Entry in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparative Study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"All American Institute of Medical Sciences","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":" Blood–brain barrier, Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, Pediatric neuroimmunology","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6649929/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6649929/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis systematic review explores the central role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in facilitating autoantibody and immune cell entry in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. 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