An AI-enhanced NHS will rely on clinical guidelines, but what if the evidence is inequitable?

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AI-generated summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-06

This paper examines how poor consideration of sex and gender in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines may lead to biased artificial intelligence models within the NHS healthcare system.

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AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-27 · read from full text

This commentary article argues that the integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare systems, such as the NHS, is fundamentally dependent on the quality and equity of underlying clinical guidelines. The authors highlight a critical risk where biased or inequitable evidence used to train these AI models could perpetuate or exacerbate existing health disparities among patient populations. As a commissioned opinion piece rather than original research, it does not present new data but instead critiques the ethical implications of relying on potentially flawed evidence bases for automated decision-making tools. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

The UK's new 10-Year Health Plan for England sets out an ambitious agenda for an increasingly digitised and data-driven healthcare system, where artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to play a major role in realising long-term aims to deliver personalised medicine for all. A recent study highlighted poor consideration of sex and gender in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines, which will be used to train AI models used by the NHS. When AI models are trained on inequitable data, they risk amplifying bias, with harmful implications for patient safety.
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Fn Group

Funding: This article was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, grant number #130529. Patient consent for publication: Not applicable. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Provenance and peer review: Commissioned; internally peer reviewed. Patient and public involvement: This manuscript does not constitute original research and patient and public representatives were not included in its design or delivery.

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europepmc
last seen: 2026-09-13T09:25:22.628771+00:00