In-situ Observation and Discrete Element Simulation of Powder Lubrication Mechanism at Different Slip Velocities and Loads

In-situ Observation and Discrete Element Simulation of Powder Lubrication Mechanism at Different Slip Velocities and Loads | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article In-situ Observation and Discrete Element Simulation of Powder Lubrication Mechanism at Different Slip Velocities and Loads Junchao Kong, Qiangqiang Zhang, Gang Wang, Xueyan Xu, Huifang Dong This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4147089/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this paper, the powder lubrication layer composed of graphite particles was prepared by spray method and the effect of velocity and load on the friction characteristics of graphite layer was investigated using a friction tester that can observe the friction interface in real time. Subsequently, 3D surface profilometer, SEM, and EDS were used to characterize the morphology and elements of worn surfaces. The friction results show that at low slip velocity (5 mm/s) and lower load (4N), only partial powder lubrication layer was formed in contact interface, the surface of the graphite layer exhibited obvious peeling characteristics. When slip velocity is too fast (20 mm/s), the dissipation of powder layer increases and the metal substrate is exposed, while there are serious abrasions and chip exfoliation. At the velocity of 12.5 mm/s, the graphite layer shows the best lubrication effect, and the worn surface is more flat compared with that of applying other velocities. The coordination number, the total number of force chains and high stress particles inside the graphite layer during friction process were calculated using the discrete element method at different velocities. With heavy load (8N) that dense force chains are formed at the interface. But the powder layer is easily damaged throughout that the substrate contact directly, thus the powder layer of interface is unevenness extremely. Trying to provide a reasonable explanation for the inherent mechanism of the influence of velocity and load on the lubrication effect of the powder layer. slip velocity load powder lubrication DEM friction characteristics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 01 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 28 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Mar, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 22 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 22 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4147089","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":283489005,"identity":"14f566f2-1c90-40a4-9989-3a2397ae8fda","order_by":0,"name":"Junchao Kong","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNvb+Bwc+GPyT42dvPkCcFj6eM4wPZxQcMJbsOZZAnBY5iRxmY54PBxI33MgxINJhErnHJHgM7hgb3Mj5eOMNg52cbgMhLTzv0iQkDJ7JSZ55u9lyDkOysdkBQlrYE8wkDAyYjfmO526T5mE4kLiNoBYGoJYEA+bEhgM5z4jUwpFjbHDA4HDihBM5bERq4TmW+LDBIA0UyMaWcwyI8It8e/OBw3/+2ICi8uGNNxV2cgS1oABgaJOiHKKFVB2jYBSMglEwIgAAfahGl2/QxokAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Chaohu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junchao","middleName":"","lastName":"Kong","suffix":""},{"id":283489007,"identity":"f92cb31e-754d-4ef3-a8b5-f20695270964","order_by":1,"name":"Qiangqiang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaohu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiangqiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":283489008,"identity":"7382f190-32be-4be4-b72c-d66ab91fdfad","order_by":2,"name":"Gang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":283489012,"identity":"d8509c37-1eb9-43a7-a309-1f957491961a","order_by":3,"name":"Xueyan Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaohu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xueyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":283489013,"identity":"35ab12a8-a2b6-49a8-b856-ae9776eee952","order_by":4,"name":"Huifang Dong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaohu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huifang","middleName":"","lastName":"Dong","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-22 04:59:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4147089/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4147089/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":53437565,"identity":"068192fa-d02b-4e80-81f9-477a896368c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-26 02:32:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1015630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"InsituObservationandDiscreteElementSimulationofPowderLubricationMechanismatDifferentSlipVelocitiesandLoads.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4147089/v1_covered_0939058f-9e15-49f9-adb2-9c57410137df.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"In-situ Observation and Discrete Element Simulation of Powder Lubrication Mechanism at Different Slip Velocities and Loads","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"tribology-letters","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"tril","sideBox":"Learn more about [Tribology Letters](https://www.springer.com/journal/11249)","snPcode":"11249","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11249/3","title":"Tribology Letters","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"slip velocity, load, powder lubrication, DEM, friction characteristics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4147089/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4147089/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this paper, the powder lubrication layer composed of graphite particles was prepared by spray method and the effect of velocity and load on the friction characteristics of graphite layer was investigated using a friction tester that can observe the friction interface in real time. 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