Crushed, squeezed, or pressed? How extraction methods influence sap analysis

Crushed, squeezed, or pressed? How extraction methods influence sap analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Crushed, squeezed, or pressed? How extraction methods influence sap analysis Javier Santa Cruz, Diego Calbucheo, Samuel Valdebenito, Camila Cáceres, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6969389/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Agronomy → Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Sap analysis provides a fast and promising approach to diagnosing plant nutritional status, yet methodological gaps remain a crucial obstacle to widespread adoption. Understanding how different extraction methods influence sap composition is key to improving the consistency and diagnostic reliability of this technique. Therefore, five methods were compared based on a range of chemical and physical parameters of broccoli petiole sap. Multiple statistical approaches were used to evaluate method effects on individual parameters and their inter-relationships. Extraction method significantly influenced chemical profiles—altering means, variability and distributional shapes—whereas physical attributes varied less across methods. Relationships among traits were observed; however, the consistency of patterns varied depending on the method. Overall, these results suggest that refining method selection could enhance both diagnostic reliability and the depth of interpretive analysis. This calls for rethinking current sap analysis practices, raising awareness of methodological variability and encouraging the development of robust, standardized approaches for reliable and comparable sap-based diagnostics. crop nutritional assessment fertilizer management ion-selective electrodes nutrient monitoring on-farm quick tests plant nutrition plant sap Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Agronomy → Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6969389","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":479188748,"identity":"8e909b07-cdd2-494d-853e-f6614ee5aa6e","order_by":0,"name":"Javier Santa 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