Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol

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Although the South African constitutional framework ostensibly grants rights and protections to sexually diverse individuals, Pentecostal expressions of Christianity largely continue to uphold heteronormative understandings, rendering sexual diversity undesirable and invisible. This scoping review paper aims to systematically map the literature on the experiences, theological discourses, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative persons in South African Pentecostalism, utilising Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. By analysing, collating, and summarising the existing body of work, the review aims to identify categories of evidence and information gaps to facilitate the possibility of further developing inclusive theological and pastoral practices and paradigms within/pastoral care within South African Pentecostalism. Ultimately, the findings will guide researchers, policymakers, and faith communities in devising interventions and responses to foster acceptance, inclusion, and well-being." } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1", "name": "Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African..." } } ] } Home Browse Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Muthivhi ME and Munyadziwa M. Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.171581.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Study Protocol Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Mashudu Edward Muthivhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-4436 1 , Muimeleli Munyadziwa 2 Mashudu Edward Muthivhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-4436 1 , Muimeleli Munyadziwa 2 PUBLISHED 04 Nov 2025 Author details Author details 1 Human Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, 0950, South Africa 2 Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, 0950, South Africa Mashudu Edward Muthivhi Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Muimeleli Munyadziwa Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Non-heteronormative persons within South African Pentecostal communities experience unique challenges that arise from the intersection of sexual orientation and religious belief. Although the South African constitutional framework ostensibly grants rights and protections to sexually diverse individuals, Pentecostal expressions of Christianity largely continue to uphold heteronormative understandings, rendering sexual diversity undesirable and invisible. This scoping review paper aims to systematically map the literature on the experiences, theological discourses, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative persons in South African Pentecostalism, utilising Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. By analysing, collating, and summarising the existing body of work, the review aims to identify categories of evidence and information gaps to facilitate the possibility of further developing inclusive theological and pastoral practices and paradigms within/pastoral care within South African Pentecostalism. Ultimately, the findings will guide researchers, policymakers, and faith communities in devising interventions and responses to foster acceptance, inclusion, and well-being. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords LGBTQ+; Non-heteronormative; Pentecostalism, Practical theology; sexuality; South Africa Corresponding Author(s) Mashudu Edward Muthivhi ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Mashudu Edward Muthivhi Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Muthivhi ME and Munyadziwa M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Muthivhi ME and Munyadziwa M. Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.171581.1 ) First published: 04 Nov 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.171581.1 ) Latest published: 04 Nov 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.171581.1 ) Introduction The intersection of sexual orientation and religious conviction presents complex challenges for individuals navigating non-heteronormative identities within faith-based communities. 1 – 3 In South Africa, despite progressive constitutional protections for LGBTQ+ individuals, including legal recognition of same-sex civil unions 4 religious institutions, particularly Pentecostal churches, often maintain heteronormative frameworks that marginalise sexual and gender diversity. 5 – 7 Pentecostalism, characterised by its emphasis on literal biblical interpretation, personal spiritual experiences, and moral rectitude, frequently frames non-heteronormative sexualities as morally deviant, perpetuating exclusionary practices and psychological distress among adherents. 1 – 3 The societal and theological marginalisation of LGBTQ+ individuals in Pentecostal settings reflects broader tensions between evolving social values and religious orthodoxy. 8 , 9 South Africa’s multicultural and postcolonial context further complicates these dynamics, as traditional African cultural norms and Pentecostal moral imperatives converge to reinforce heteronormativity. 10 Non-heteronormative individuals often face the dual pressure of adhering to community-sanctioned religious and cultural expectations while striving for personal authenticity, creating a persistent dilemma with significant psychosocial and spiritual consequences. 11 , 12 Pentecostal theological discourse frequently invokes heteronormative hermeneutics, such as interpretations of Genesis 19 (Sodom and Gomorrah), Leviticus 18:22, Leviticus 20:13, Romans 1:26-27, 1 Corinthians 6:9, and 1 Timothy 1:10, to validate exclusionary practices. 12 – 14 These readings, however, are increasingly contested by queer theological scholarship, which emphasises inclusivity, spiritual affirmation, and the recognition of diverse sexual identities as integral to the human experience. 15 , 16 The disconnect between rigid heteronormative interpretations and lived experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals underscores the need for nuanced, contextually informed analyses of how Pentecostalism in South Africa engages or fails to engage with non-heteronormative trajectories. 2 , 5 Although existing research has examined queer theology, pastoral care, and LGBTQ+ experiences in faith contexts globally, there is a notable paucity of literature systematically mapping these phenomena within the South African Pentecostal milieu. 15 , 17 , 18 A scoping review is therefore warranted to consolidate current knowledge, identify gaps, and provide a foundation for future research, theological reflection, and inclusive pastoral practice. 13 , 19 , 20 By synthesising empirical and theoretical literature, this review will illuminate the ways Pentecostal communities influence the expression, negotiation, and acceptance of non-heteronormative identities, thereby informing both scholarly discourse and practical interventions that promote inclusivity and spiritual well-being. 9 , 12 , 20 , 21 Aim To systematically map literature on the experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative individuals within South African Pentecostalism. Objectives 1. To identify existing literature on non-heteronormative sexual identities within South African Pentecostal communities. 2. To explore theological and pastoral responses to non-heteronormative sexualities. 3. To examine the psychosocial and spiritual experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in Pentecostal contexts. 4. To highlight gaps in knowledge to inform future research, theology, and pastoral practice. Scoping review questions This scoping review seeks to systematically map the literature on non-heteronormative sexual identities within South African Pentecostal communities. Guided by the PEO framework. • Population (P): Non-heteronormative individuals (LGBTQ+) within South African Pentecostal communities • Exposure (E): Experiences within Pentecostal contexts, including theological interpretations and pastoral care • Outcome (O): Psychosocial, spiritual, and pastoral outcomes, including inclusion, acceptance, and well-being The primary research question is: • What evidence exists on the experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative individuals in South African Pentecostalism, and how do these factors influence their inclusion, acceptance, and well-being? Sub questions 1. What evidence is available on the lived experiences of non-heteronormative individuals within South African Pentecostal communities? 2. In what ways do Pentecostal theological interpretations shape perceptions and attitudes toward sexual diversity? 3. What pastoral care approaches or interventions are documented to support non-heteronormative individuals in Pentecostal settings? 4. What gaps exist in the current literature that warrant further research on non-heteronormative identities in South African Pentecostalism? Research design and methods Study design This study will employ a scoping review design guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework. 22 Scoping reviews are appropriate for mapping broad topics, identifying key concepts, and highlighting gaps in the literature. Search strategy A comprehensive and systematic search strategy will be employed to identify relevant literature on non-heteronormative sexual identities within South African Pentecostal contexts. The search will be conducted across multiple electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, SABINET, JSTOR, and Google Scholar, to ensure broad coverage of both health, social science, and theological literature. Key search terms will include: • “LGBTQ” • “Queer” • “Sexual minorities” • “Pentecostalism” • “Pentecostal churches” • “South Africa” • “Southern Africa” • “Sexuality” • “Identity” • “Spirituality” • “Pastoral care” Boolean operators (AND, OR) will combine keywords, and reference lists of included articles will be screened for additional sources. Selection of sources Inclusion criteria: 1. Population: Non-heteronormative individuals (LGBTQ+) within Pentecostal communities in South Africa. 2. Concepts: Studies addressing sexual identity, spiritual experiences, pastoral care, Pentecostal theology. 3. Context: South African Pentecostal churches, congregations, or literature. 4. Types of Sources: Peer-reviewed articles, theses, books, book chapters, reports, and grey literature. 5. Language: English. 6. Time Frame: 2015–2025. Exclusion criteria: 1. Studies focusing exclusively on heterosexual populations. 2. Research conducted outside South Africa or outside Pentecostal contexts. 3. Studies not addressing sexuality, pastoral care, or theology. 4. Non-English publications. 5. Publications prior to 2015. Justification: These criteria ensure the review is relevant to contemporary South African Pentecostalism, focuses on non-heteronormative experiences, and captures both academic and practical perspectives. Selection of sources Titles and abstracts will be independently screened by two reviewers. Full-text articles meeting inclusion criteria will be retrieved and assessed. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. Data extraction A standardized charting form will capture: • Author(s), year, publication type • Study aims and objectives • Population characteristics • Methodology and study design • Key findings related to sexual identity and Pentecostalism • Theological perspectives and pastoral care approaches • Research gaps Timeline The scoping review will follow a structured schedule to ensure timely completion. The initial phase, including refining the research question, developing the search strategy, and piloting the search, will take 2 weeks. Database searches, retrieval of full-text articles, and screening of titles and abstracts will take 3 weeks. Full-text screening, data extraction, and charting will require 3 weeks, followed by thematic analysis, synthesis of findings, and drafting of the manuscript over 3 weeks. The final week will be dedicated to revisions, formatting, and preparation for submission. Overall, the project is expected to be completed within 3 months. Expected results The scoping review is expected to systematically map literature on non-heteronormative sexual identities within South African Pentecostal communities, highlighting: • The experiences of non-heteronormative individuals within Pentecostal contexts. • Theological interpretations that influence inclusion, marginalization, or acceptance of sexual diversity. • Documented pastoral care strategies supporting LGBTQ+ individuals. • Psychosocial and spiritual outcomes of engaging with Pentecostal communities. • Existing research gaps and opportunities to inform inclusive pastoral and theological practices. The findings will provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge, inform policy and faith-based interventions, and guide future research to promote acceptance, dignity, and spiritual well-being for non-heteronormative individuals in Pentecostal contexts. Ethical considerations This study will analyse existing literature; no primary data collection is involved. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. Ethical conduct includes proper citation, acknowledgment of sources, and accurate representation of findings. Conclusion This scoping review will synthesize available evidence on non-heteronormative identities within South African Pentecostalism, highlighting theological interpretations, pastoral care practices, and lived experiences. The findings will identify gaps in knowledge, inform inclusive pastoral and theological practices, and provide a foundation for future research that promotes acceptance, dignity, and spiritual well-being. Supplementary material No supplementary materials are included at this protocol stage. Detailed search strategies, data extraction forms, and screening tools will be provided in the full scoping review upon completion. Data availability All data underlying the results are available as part of the article and no additional source data are required. Extended data Munyadziwa M. SEXUAL TRAJECTORIES: Scoping Review Protocol. OSF; 2025 Oct 7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MYARU . 23 The dataset is licensed under a CC0 1.0 Universal license . The project contains the following extended data: 1. PRISMA-ScR Protocol Checklist References 1. Zhou S, Landa N: Performances of sexualities: Exploring discourses of heteronormativity and prejudice in Pentecostal spaces. Kaunda C, editor. Christianity and Renewal - Interdisciplinary Studies. Cham: Christianity and Renewal - Interdisciplinary Studies. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; 2020; pp. 375–389. Publisher Full Text 2. Shingange T: Developing a Post- Heteronormative Mission Praxis With the Black Pentecostal Christians and the Sexual Minorities in Polokwane: South Africa. Pretoria: University of South Africa; 2018. 3. McGuire K, Cisneros J, McGuire T: Intersections at a (heteronormative) crossroad: Gender and sexuality among Black students’ spiritual-and-religious narratives. J. Coll. Stud. Dev. 2017; 58 (2): 175–197. Publisher Full Text 4. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa: The Constitution. Pretoria: Goverment Printer; 1996. 5. Judge M: Navigating paradox: Towards a conceptual framework for activism at the intersection of religion and sexuality. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 2020; 76 (3). 6. Robertson M: Queerying Scholarship on Christianity and Queer Sexuality. Journal of Gender and Religion in Africa. 2017; 23 (2): 125–144. Publisher Full Text 7. Robertson M: Called and Queer Exploring the lived experiences of queer clergy in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Western Cape; 2020. 8. Kay W, Hunt S: Pentecostal churches and homosexuality.Thatcher A, editor. The Oxford Handbook of Theology, Sexuality, and Gender. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014; pp. 357–376. 9. Andrew D: Pentecostal liturgical spaces: Contested or embracing spaces for LGBTQIA+. Pentecostal liturgical spaces: Contested or embracing spaces for LGBTQIA+. Stellenbosch Theological Journal. 2024; 10 (2): 1–27. Publisher Full Text 10. Mogotsi I, et al. : Psychosocial correlates of LGBTIQ+ experiences in selected African countries: Reimagining LGBTIQ+ research. J. Soc. Issues. 2024; 80 (3): 1079–1111. Publisher Full Text 11. Maimela C, Mleya M: A progressive reading of customary and religious norms associated with heteronormativity in South Africa. Southern African Public Law. 2023; 38 (1): 1–21. Publisher Full Text 12. Nel M: Pentecostals, LGBTIQ+ people and the Bible: An alternative Pentecostal hermeneutical perspective. Stellenbosch theological journal. 2019; 5 (3): 515–540. Publisher Full Text 13. Nel M: LGBTIQ+ people and Pentecostals: An African Pentecostal hermeneutic perspective. Münster: LIT Verlag; 2021. 14. Hutin T: Christian and Gay: A Dialogical Narrative Analysis of Negotiating Identity. East London: University of East London; 2018. 15. McCutcheon MB: Queer (y) ing the Hermeneutic Role of Heteronormativity in Ecclesial Identity: The PCC’s Human Sexuality Report as a Case Study. Consensus. 2022; 43 (2):6. 16. Toledo R: Sacred Wellbeing, Religious Struggle, and Queer Identity: A Mixed-Methods Study of LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults. New York: The City College of New York; 2025. 17. Van Klinken A: Religion in African literature: Representation, critique and imagination. Relig. Compass. 2020; 14 (12): 1–12. Publisher Full Text 18. Van Wyk T: Challenges faced by women in church-leadership: a multifaceted and intersectional map. Pretoria: University of Pretoria; 2023. 19. Robertson M: Called and Queer: Lived religion and LGBTQ Methodist Clergy in South Africa. London: Palgrace MacMillan; 2024. 20. Holtzhausen L: The Religious Experiences of Sexual Minorities: A Pastoral Approach. Pretoria: University of Pretoria; 2020. 21. Epprecht M: Hungochani: The history of a dissident sexuality in southern Africa. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press; 2013. 22. Arksey H, O’Malley L: Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol. 2005; 8 : 19–32. Publisher Full Text 23. Munyadziwa M: SEXUAL TRAJECTORIES: Scoping Review Protocol. [dataset]. OSF. 2025 Oct 7. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 04 Nov 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Human Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, 0950, South Africa 2 Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, 0950, South Africa Mashudu Edward Muthivhi Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Muimeleli Munyadziwa Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 04 Nov 2025, 14:1206 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.171581.1 Copyright © 2025 Muthivhi ME and Munyadziwa M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Muthivhi ME and Munyadziwa M. Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.171581.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 04 Nov 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Barrera Blanco J. Reviewer Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443203 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-443203 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 09 Jan 2026 José Barrera Blanco , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443203 This manuscript presents a scoping review protocol that aims to systematically map the literature on non-heteronormative identities within South African Pentecostal contexts. Drawing on Arksey and O’Malley (2005)’s scoping review framework, the study seeks to examine lived experiences, theological interpretations, ... Continue reading READ ALL This manuscript presents a scoping review protocol that aims to systematically map the literature on non-heteronormative identities within South African Pentecostal contexts. Drawing on Arksey and O’Malley (2005)’s scoping review framework, the study seeks to examine lived experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care practices affecting non-heteronormative individuals in Pentecostal communities. The protocol is clearly motivated, well situated within relevant theological and political debates, and addresses an important and underexplored phenomenon. Overall, the protocol demonstrates scholarly relevance and has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field of LGBTQ+ Religious Studies. The protocol is clearly written and structured, and the choice of a scoping review is appropriate and relevant given the lack of these type of studies in the field of LGBTQ+ Christianity. The aims and objectives are well articulated, and the rationale for conducting a scoping review is precise. However, I think that the study design is partly appropriate for the research question. This is not because a scoping review is an unsuitable approach, but rather because some elements of the research question, objectives and conceptual framing would benefit from further clarification to ensure a strong alignment between objectives, methods, and outcomes. Here are my suggestions and recommendations: 1. The research question and associated outcomes encompass a wide range of concepts, including psychosocial outcomes, inclusion, acceptance, and well-being. While these are important concerns, they may suggest an evaluative or outcome-focused synthesis that goes beyond what scoping reviews are typically designed. There is a risk of overstating what the review can meaningfully address. Recommendation: The authors may wish to clarify that the review will map how issues such as inclusion, acceptance, psychosocial experiences, and well-being are discussed or represented in the literature, rather than attempting to assess their effectiveness or impact. Reframing the outcomes to focus on discourses and reported experiences within the PEO framework would bring the research question into closer alignment with a scoping review design. 2. The title introduces the notion of “sexual trajectories,” yet this concept is not explicitly defined or operationalised in the protocol. As it stands, it is unclear how studies on trajectories will be identified, particularly given the descriptive nature of scoping reviews. Recommendation: Provide a clear definition/operationalization of what is meant by “sexual trajectories” in this study (identity development, disclosure, identity negotiation, inclusion/exclusion pathways, and their relation with religious belief and background). 3. The decision to limit the review to literature published between 2015 and 2025 would benefit from further justification. Given the longer history of debates around sexuality and Pentecostalism, earlier documents may still be highly relevant to the objectives of the review. Recommendation: The authors could briefly justify the exclusion of literature published prior to 2015, acknowledge this as a limitation, or consider broadening the time frame to include earlier influential work. Any of these options would improve transparency and contextual depth. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: I am a sociologist and social anthropologist specialising in the intersections of sexuality, religion, and politics. Over the past six years, I have researched the experiences of non-heterosexual Christians within institutional and church contexts, with particular attention to their collective action and strategies for challenging conservative discourses and practices. My work includes in-depth ethnographic research within LGBTQ+ Christian communities and organisations. As part of my doctoral thesis, I also conducted a scoping review of the literature on LGBTQ+ Christians from the 1970s onwards, which closely relates to the aims and methodological approach of this protocol. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Barrera Blanco J. Reviewer Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443203 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-443203 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Nixon G. Reviewer Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443202 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-443202 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 07 Jan 2026 Grant Nixon , Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Ekumene (Jakarta Ecumenical Theological Seminary), North Jakarta, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443202 This article will explore various literatures addressing the experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative individuals among South African Pentecostals. Through an in-depth review of this literature, this study will present a discussion of the landscape over the past ... Continue reading READ ALL This article will explore various literatures addressing the experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative individuals among South African Pentecostals. Through an in-depth review of this literature, this study will present a discussion of the landscape over the past ten years in South African Pentecostalism. Therefore, this study has met academic standards by demonstrating clear, relevant objectives, research questions, and research methods, and—in my personal opinion—are crucial for the development of non-heteronormative studies, Christianity, and Pentecostalism. However, the question remains: how will all the collected literature be interpreted? What theoretical lens will be used? Furthermore, if this study aims to unravel the heteronormative perspective on theology and pastoral practice of South African Pentecostalism, how can a queer theological lens be integrated into the analysis and discussion of this article? All of this needs to be properly referenced to achieve the objectives of this study. Despite these concerns, this research holds great promise for untangling heteronormative bias in Pentecostal Christianity in South Africa in particular and other contexts that hold similar biases in general. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: (Pentecostal) theology, gender, and sexuality studies I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Nixon G. Reviewer Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443202 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-443202 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kolbe SW. Reviewer Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r439110 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-439110 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 02 Jan 2026 Simon Wilhelm Kolbe , SRH University of Applied Sciences, Fürth, Germany Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r439110 The contribution presents a planned scoping review protocol that systematically examines the literature on experiences, theological discourses, and pastoral practices concerning non-heteronormative and sexually diverse individuals (LGBTQ+) within South African Pentecostalism. The aim is to consolidate existing knowledge, identify research ... Continue reading READ ALL The contribution presents a planned scoping review protocol that systematically examines the literature on experiences, theological discourses, and pastoral practices concerning non-heteronormative and sexually diverse individuals (LGBTQ+) within South African Pentecostalism. The aim is to consolidate existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and provide a foundation for the development of more inclusive theological and pastoral approaches. The planned study demonstrates a consistently well-prepared and well-balanced scientific approach, and the research idea is meaningful. This is because it is important not only for research, but also for religious, pastoral, social work, and political practice and research to understand how much knowledge exists on this relevant topic. The results are awaited with great interest. However, the derivations made by those conducting the study are particularly essential here, as what is implemented on the basis of the findings is what is truly relevant. Accordingly, throughout the data collection process, continuous recursive attention should be paid to clarity and to the precise definition and naming of the populations under study. The results must also be situated within a broader relational framework that takes the overall setting into account. In particular, confessional aspects of the respondents, as well as local differences in practice and geographical and demographic perspectives, would be of additional interest. A differentiation between positive and negative effects on individuals would likewise be valuable. Such a research project should therefore be positively approved; however, the researchers face a substantial responsibility to provide the scientific community with results that are not only analytically sound but also relationally grounded and applicable. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Social Work as a human rights profession; right-wing extremism and threats to democracy; political education and citizenship education; migration, forced displacement, and post-migrant societies; human trafficking and victim identification; prevention, intervention, and protection frameworks; professional theory and ethics of social work; digitalisation, technologisation, and future scenarios of social work; teaching, didactics, and Learning by Teaching (LdL); intersectionality, discrimination, and vulnerability; pastoral care, religiosity, and social work; transfer-oriented and applied research. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kolbe SW. Reviewer Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r439110 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-439110 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 04 Nov 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 1 04 Nov 25 read read read Simon Wilhelm Kolbe , SRH University of Applied Sciences, Fürth, Germany Grant Nixon , Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Ekumene (Jakarta Ecumenical Theological Seminary), North Jakarta, Indonesia José Barrera Blanco , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Barrera Blanco J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 09 Jan 2026 | for Version 1 José Barrera Blanco , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 0 Views copyright © 2026 Barrera Blanco J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This manuscript presents a scoping review protocol that aims to systematically map the literature on non-heteronormative identities within South African Pentecostal contexts. Drawing on Arksey and O’Malley (2005)’s scoping review framework, the study seeks to examine lived experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care practices affecting non-heteronormative individuals in Pentecostal communities. The protocol is clearly motivated, well situated within relevant theological and political debates, and addresses an important and underexplored phenomenon. Overall, the protocol demonstrates scholarly relevance and has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field of LGBTQ+ Religious Studies. The protocol is clearly written and structured, and the choice of a scoping review is appropriate and relevant given the lack of these type of studies in the field of LGBTQ+ Christianity. The aims and objectives are well articulated, and the rationale for conducting a scoping review is precise. However, I think that the study design is partly appropriate for the research question. This is not because a scoping review is an unsuitable approach, but rather because some elements of the research question, objectives and conceptual framing would benefit from further clarification to ensure a strong alignment between objectives, methods, and outcomes. Here are my suggestions and recommendations: 1. The research question and associated outcomes encompass a wide range of concepts, including psychosocial outcomes, inclusion, acceptance, and well-being. While these are important concerns, they may suggest an evaluative or outcome-focused synthesis that goes beyond what scoping reviews are typically designed. There is a risk of overstating what the review can meaningfully address. Recommendation: The authors may wish to clarify that the review will map how issues such as inclusion, acceptance, psychosocial experiences, and well-being are discussed or represented in the literature, rather than attempting to assess their effectiveness or impact. Reframing the outcomes to focus on discourses and reported experiences within the PEO framework would bring the research question into closer alignment with a scoping review design. 2. The title introduces the notion of “sexual trajectories,” yet this concept is not explicitly defined or operationalised in the protocol. As it stands, it is unclear how studies on trajectories will be identified, particularly given the descriptive nature of scoping reviews. Recommendation: Provide a clear definition/operationalization of what is meant by “sexual trajectories” in this study (identity development, disclosure, identity negotiation, inclusion/exclusion pathways, and their relation with religious belief and background). 3. The decision to limit the review to literature published between 2015 and 2025 would benefit from further justification. Given the longer history of debates around sexuality and Pentecostalism, earlier documents may still be highly relevant to the objectives of the review. Recommendation: The authors could briefly justify the exclusion of literature published prior to 2015, acknowledge this as a limitation, or consider broadening the time frame to include earlier influential work. Any of these options would improve transparency and contextual depth. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise I am a sociologist and social anthropologist specialising in the intersections of sexuality, religion, and politics. Over the past six years, I have researched the experiences of non-heterosexual Christians within institutional and church contexts, with particular attention to their collective action and strategies for challenging conservative discourses and practices. My work includes in-depth ethnographic research within LGBTQ+ Christian communities and organisations. As part of my doctoral thesis, I also conducted a scoping review of the literature on LGBTQ+ Christians from the 1970s onwards, which closely relates to the aims and methodological approach of this protocol. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Barrera Blanco J. Peer Review Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443203) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-443203 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Nixon G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 07 Jan 2026 | for Version 1 Grant Nixon , Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Ekumene (Jakarta Ecumenical Theological Seminary), North Jakarta, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2026 Nixon G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This article will explore various literatures addressing the experiences, theological interpretations, and pastoral care of non-heteronormative individuals among South African Pentecostals. Through an in-depth review of this literature, this study will present a discussion of the landscape over the past ten years in South African Pentecostalism. Therefore, this study has met academic standards by demonstrating clear, relevant objectives, research questions, and research methods, and—in my personal opinion—are crucial for the development of non-heteronormative studies, Christianity, and Pentecostalism. However, the question remains: how will all the collected literature be interpreted? What theoretical lens will be used? Furthermore, if this study aims to unravel the heteronormative perspective on theology and pastoral practice of South African Pentecostalism, how can a queer theological lens be integrated into the analysis and discussion of this article? All of this needs to be properly referenced to achieve the objectives of this study. Despite these concerns, this research holds great promise for untangling heteronormative bias in Pentecostal Christianity in South Africa in particular and other contexts that hold similar biases in general. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise (Pentecostal) theology, gender, and sexuality studies I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Nixon G. Peer Review Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r443202) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-443202 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Kolbe S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 02 Jan 2026 | for Version 1 Simon Wilhelm Kolbe , SRH University of Applied Sciences, Fürth, Germany 0 Views copyright © 2026 Kolbe S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The contribution presents a planned scoping review protocol that systematically examines the literature on experiences, theological discourses, and pastoral practices concerning non-heteronormative and sexually diverse individuals (LGBTQ+) within South African Pentecostalism. The aim is to consolidate existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and provide a foundation for the development of more inclusive theological and pastoral approaches. The planned study demonstrates a consistently well-prepared and well-balanced scientific approach, and the research idea is meaningful. This is because it is important not only for research, but also for religious, pastoral, social work, and political practice and research to understand how much knowledge exists on this relevant topic. The results are awaited with great interest. However, the derivations made by those conducting the study are particularly essential here, as what is implemented on the basis of the findings is what is truly relevant. Accordingly, throughout the data collection process, continuous recursive attention should be paid to clarity and to the precise definition and naming of the populations under study. The results must also be situated within a broader relational framework that takes the overall setting into account. In particular, confessional aspects of the respondents, as well as local differences in practice and geographical and demographic perspectives, would be of additional interest. A differentiation between positive and negative effects on individuals would likewise be valuable. Such a research project should therefore be positively approved; however, the researchers face a substantial responsibility to provide the scientific community with results that are not only analytically sound but also relationally grounded and applicable. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Social Work as a human rights profession; right-wing extremism and threats to democracy; political education and citizenship education; migration, forced displacement, and post-migrant societies; human trafficking and victim identification; prevention, intervention, and protection frameworks; professional theory and ethics of social work; digitalisation, technologisation, and future scenarios of social work; teaching, didactics, and Learning by Teaching (LdL); intersectionality, discrimination, and vulnerability; pastoral care, religiosity, and social work; transfer-oriented and applied research. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Kolbe SW. Peer Review Report For: Sexual Trajectories of Non-heteronormative Identities in South African Pentecostalism: A Scoping Review Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1206 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189202.r439110) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1206/v1#referee-response-439110 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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