Age, Urban-Rural, Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

Age, Urban-Rural, Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Age, Urban-Rural, Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study Kaly Keïta, Boua Daoud Camara, Alassane Alfousséni Doumbia, Cheick Oumar Kamissoko, and 19 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7991120/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: There are no studies that explored globally and exhaustively the relationship between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases. Objective: To determine globally and exhaustively the age, urban- rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. Design: 15-year cross-sectional study. Setting: A hospital based study (Department of internal medicine at the University Hospital Center of the Point G) Participants: 317 patients presented autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases. Measurements: Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square and Fisher´s exact tests to assess the statistical significance and strength of the associations between the categorical independent variables and the outcome variables. Results: The age group of 20 – 39 years was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases (p= 0.000) while the age group of 60 – 79 years was significantly associated with autoinflammatory diseases (p= 0.000). The systemic autoimmune diseases were more frequently diagnosed in females than in males (p=0.000). The females were 2.45 times more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (p=0.001). The males were 2.04 times more likely than the females to develop polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (p= 0.033). The systemic autoimmune diseases were more prevalent in patients living in urban areas (44 cases) than in patients living in rural (26 cases), (p= 0.347). The patients living in urban were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (p= 0.320). The patients living in urban areas were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (p= 0.469). Limitation: Single-center study, which may hamper generalizability. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the existence of several relevant positive associations between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases. Rheumatology Internal Medicine Neurology Dermatology Hematology Gastroenterology & Hepatology Urology & Nephrology Ophthalmology Gender sex urban-rural age autoimmune diseases autoinflammatory diseases INTRODUCTION Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are a large heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that have in common the chronic inflammatory process but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely variable [ 1 ]. Autoimmune diseases are defined as all pathological manifestations linked to the involvement of effectors of the immune system, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, specific to the antigens of the organism to which this system belongs (self-antigens) [ 2 ]. They are very heterogeneous and are usually classified into two groups: systemic autoimmune diseases and organ-specific autoimmune diseases [ 3 ]. As for auto-inflammatory diseases, they are due to an abnormality of innate immunity. There are no elevated or pathogenic autoantibodies and no activated T-lymphocytes, as opposed to autoimmune diseases. They are subdivided into two groups: monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases [ 4 – 6 ]. However, the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases can also be subdivided into two groups: systemic polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases and organ-specific polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases according to their clinical phenotype [ 7 ]. Several studies demonstrated that most of autoimmune diseases occurred in young adult [ 8 , 9 ]. Indeed, autoimmune diseases are among the leading causes of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States. The underlying mechanism remain an opened research question in the literature. However, the sex-hormone upregulation et environment factors as endocrine-disrupting chemicals are more and more described to be associated to the autoimmune diseases occurrence and so that the young adults are more likely than others age groups to be exposed [ 10 , 11 ]. The monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases are exceptional in sub-Saharan Africa but cases are commonly reported in North Africa [ 12 ]. The polygenic autoinflammatory diseases such systemic sarcoidosis occurred frequently in the age group of 20–45 years old for males and 50–65 years old for females [ 13 ], Still onset diseases with the median age 42 years for females and 39 years for males [ 14 ]. Epidemiological data from published works suggest that sociocultural gender based differences in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases are a neglected area in the literature, on the one hand and there are more reporting biases based on confusion between sociocultural determinants (gender) and biological determinants (sex), on the other hand. Indeed, some studies report that lower education level in women, higher smoking rates in men, and environmental exposure in men are gender related determinant associated to autoimmune diseases [ 15 – 17 ]. In addition, tertiary referral center accessibility was found to be positively correlated to poor management of sarcoidosis, an autoinflammatory diseases [ 18 ]. It is long been appreciated that the majority of autoimmune diseases occurred in women than in males. This support that females are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases than males. Sex-based immunological and hormonal differences could contribute to the difference in diseases susceptibility [ 10 , 19 , 20 ]. Some polygenic autoinflammatory diseases occurred frequently in females than in males, sarcoidosis [ 18 ], adult-onset Still’s disease [ 21 ] and those in males than in females, gout [ 22 ]. The sociocultural, and the environmental factors and their long-term interaction with genetic and epigenetic factors leading immune-endocrine dysregulation may be different between urban and rural area. These may explain the differences observed in some diseases between urban and rural area. Indeed, the urban-rural based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are less investigated. However, Allen et al. reported that a diagnosis peak of Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease, in the third and fourth quarter among rural cases contrasted with even quarterly distribution among urban cases [ 23 ]. In addition, Kajdasz et al. demonstrated that a number of rurally-linked exposures were found to be univariately associated with the development of sarcoidosis, a polygenic autoinflammatory diseases [ 24 ]. Taken together, although research works investigated the relationship between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences and certain autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases taken individually. However, there are no studies that explored globally and exhaustively this relationship between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, these aspects are less studied in Africa, particularly in Mali. Therefore, there is a crucial need to more explore the relationship of age, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and furthermore to identify its specific determinants associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. So, the research strategy that aims to explore these aspects would contribute to identify new therapeutic targets and to adapt treatment and preventive strategies. We aimed in this work to determine age, urban- rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases in internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G. METHODS Research questions The study addresses two research questions, namely: 1) Are there relevant significant associations between the age, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities and each of the autoimmune diseases? 2) Are there relevant significant associations between the age, urban-rural, gender and sex and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities and each of the autoinflammatory diseases? Study design A cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted to explore the age, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The study strictly adhered to the cross-sectional reporting guidelines of Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) [ 25 ]. Study setting Bamako is the capital and largest city of Mali. Mali is a West African country, comprising 19 administrative regions. Mali is a developing country that is currently 184th out of 189, United Nations Human Development Index 2019. Mali’s population is estimated at 22 million 395 thousand 485 inhabitants, including : 47.2% of young people under the age of 15 ; 49.9% of people aged 15 to 64, according to the Fifth General Census Of The Population And Housing in Mali. Mali has one of the highest fertility rates in the world, with over six children per woman in 2018. Since January 2016, the guaranteed minimum salary (SMIG) is 40,000 FCFA (US $ 80). More than 20% of the country’s population live in urban areas and more than 60% in rural areas. In Mali, the Health care is organized into three levels: the district health level (community health centers and reference health centers), the second level represents the regional hospitals, and the third level is anchored by the national hospitals and university hospital centers (UHC). Among the third level the University Hospital Center of the Point G where the present study was conducted between January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2019, which is 15 years. It is located in Bamako. This department of internal Medicine, known as center of excellence for diagnosis and management of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, is held by educators, researchers, and practioner internists. A total of 6383 patients were hospitalized during the study period. Study population We included in this study all the medical records of patients hospitalized for autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory disease during the study period. We did not include in this study the outpatients, and the patients hosipitalized with the diagnosis of autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases in the internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G outside the study period. Variables The independent study variables were the socio-demographic data which included sex, age, profession, and residency. Autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, its nosological sub-entities and each of the autoimmune diseases; and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, its nosological sub-entities, and each of the autoinflammatory diseases are the dependent (outcome) variables, for which diagnoses were established on the basis of clinical and paraclinical data and/or validated diagnostic criteria according to the type of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Data collection A pre-established survey form was designed and used to collect data on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, profession/gender related occupation, residency and clinical variables such as discharge diagnosis were collected from medical records and registry of hospitalization used for medical record identification. Difficulties and biases During this study, we encountered certain problems related to the lack of information in the medical records. Some clinical hypothesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases were not confirmed because of financial difficulties to perform speficific tests. Sampling and sample size This was an exhaustive sampling of all cases of hospitalization for autoimmune and/or auto-inflammatory diseases during the study period. The sample size was not calculated. Statistical methods The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22 software for cleaning and analysis. Data cleaning was done by checking and correcting for duplicates and completing missing data, and correcting outliers. We used Microsoft Excel to generate bar graphs. We conducted statistical analyses using Epi Info version 7.2 and SPSS version 22 software. We conducted univariate analysis to obtain mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and numbers and percentages for qualitative data. In the bivariate analysis, we calculated odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (C.I), and p-values. The outcome variables of interest for bivariate analysis were autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases. The categorical independent variables of interest were age group, sex, profession, and residency. The Chi-square (uncorrected and corrected) and Fisher´s exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance and strength of the associations between the categorical independent variables and the outcome variables. A two-tailed p-value < 0.05 were retained and considered as statistically significant. Ethical consideration According to Helsinki guideline, research involving human subject should be conducted ethically, with the well-being of the subject taking priority over scientific or societal interests. Our research study aiming to provide a cross-sectional data on the relationship between age group, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences and all autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases the internal medicine department involved human subjects. However, we used secondary data on patient’s medical records (sociodemographic and clinical data) and did not use the biological specimens. In addition, the study was retrospective and all data was extracted anonymously from the medical records and registry of hospitalization. Therefore, patients’ informed consent was not required. Given the nature of the study, formal ethical approval from an ethics committee was not sought. However, formal permission to conduct this study was obtained from the General Director of University Hospital Center of the Point G. The medical records and registry of hospitalization were returned in the archive room immediately after exploitation. RESULTS Characteristics of the study participants During a fifteen-year study period, 331 cases of autoimmune diseases and/or autoinflammatory diseases including 07 cases of associations were noted from 317 medical records. These were 291 cases of autoimmune diseases and 40 cases of autoinflammatory diseases. Socio-demographic data are illustrated in the figure S1 (Supplementary Appendix). Out of the 317 medical records included in the study, the female represented 65.0% of cases with a sex-ratio of 0.54. The age group of 20 – 39 years accounted for 50.2% of the study population; the mean age of patients was 35.3 ±16.3 years; and the extreme ages were 07 and 79 years. Houseworkers were found in 37.2% of cases. Patients came from urban areas in 65.5% of cases. Age-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Table 1 summarizes the comparison of patients between the different age groups and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The age group of 20 – 39 years was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases (153 cases; OR= 5.02; 95% CI= 2.01 – 12.57; p= 0.000). The age group of 60 – 79 years was significantly associated with autoinflammatory diseases (16 cases; OR= 8.13; 95% CI= 3.75 – 17.61; p= 0.000). Gender-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Comparison of patients between the sex and the profession are mentioned in figure S2 (Supplementary Appendix). The profession as houseworkers were exclusively for the females (118 cases vs. 0) and farmers and workers for the males (24 cases vs. 0 and 15 cases vs. 1 cases, respectively). Table 2 shows the comparison of patients between the profession and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. There was no significant correlation between the houseworkers and autoimmune diseases (109 Houseworkers; OR= 1.58; 95% CI= 0.71 – 3.55; p= 0.261), and between the farmers and autoimmune diseases (19 farmers; OR= 0.39; 95% CI= 0.13 – 1.12; p= 0.080). Auto-inflammatory diseases occurred more frequently in houseworkers (9 houseworkers; OR= 0.45; 95% CI= 0.21 – 0.98; p= 0.039). The farmers were 2.54 times more likely to develop autoinflammatory diseases than others professions (6 farmers; OR= 2.54; 95% IC= 0.94 – 6.84; p= 0.114). Sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Table 3 summarizes the comparison of patients between the sex and the autoimmune diseases. The systemic autoimmune diseases were more frequently diagnosed in females than in males (63 cases vs. 7 cases; 0R= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.07 – 0.35; p=0.000). The systemic autoimmune diseases found were dominated by systemic lupus erythematosus (3 males vs. 40 females, p= 0.000), rheumatoid arthritis (3 males vs. 13 females, p= 0.162). The females were 2.45 times more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (90 cases vs. 131 cases; OR= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.41– 4.27; p=0.001). Type 1 diabetes (64 males vs. 77 females; OR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.43 – 3.65; p= 0.001) and Graves’disease (10 males vs. 38 females, OR= 0.44; 95% CI=0.20 – 0.92; p= 0.025) were the commonest organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Comparison of patients between the sex and the autoinflammatory diseases are mentioned in table 4. There were no cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in our study. The males were 2.04 times more likely than the females to develop polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (20 cases vs. 20 cases; OR= 2.04; 95% CI= 4.52 – 3.99; p= 0.033). The systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were 3.19 times more likely to be found to be in males than in females (5 cases vs. 3 cases; OR= 3.19; 95% CI= 0.75 – 13.61; p= 0.134). These systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis (5 cases vs. 1 case; OR=9.67; 95% CI= 1.12 – 83.83; p= 0.021). Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more common in females than in males (15 cases vs. 17 cases; OR= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.83 – 3.63; p= 0.138). Among the organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, the chronic inflammatory rheumatism (11 cases vs. 11 cases; p= 0.127): gout as microcrystalline arthropathies (8 cases vs 8 cases; p= 0.197) and spondylarthropathies (2 cases vs. 1 case; p= 0.281); and the Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (4 cases vs. 6 cases; p= 0.000) were more prevalent. Urban-rural based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Table 5 summarizes comparison of patients between the residency and the autoimmune diseases. The systemic autoimmune diseases were more prevalent in patients living in urban areas at the time of diagnosis (44 cases) than in patients living in rural (26 cases), (0R=0.77; 95% CI=0.44 – 1.33; p= 0.347). There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural areas in regards to systemic autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus (28 cases vs. 15 cases; p= 0.719), Rheumatoid arthritis (11 cases vs. 15 cases; p= 0.913). The patients living in urban were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (153 cases vs. 68 cases; OR= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.78 – 2.14; p= 0.320). Type 1 diabetes (101 patients living in urban vs. 40 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.161) and Graves’disease (35 patients living in urban vs. 23 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.385) were the commonest organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Comparison of patients between the residency and the autoinflammatory diseases are mentioned in table 6. The patients living in urban areas were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (25 cases vs. 15 cases; OR= 0.78; 95% CI= 0.39 – 1.54; p= 0.469). There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural in regarding systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (4 cases vs. 4 cases; p= 0.281). These were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis (3 patients living in urban vs. 3 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.394). Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more frequent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural areas (21 cases vs. 11 cases; OR= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.42 – 1.97; p= 0.810). Among the organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, the chronic inflammatory rheumatism (16 patients living in urban areas vs. 6 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.588): gout as microcrystalline arthropathies (11 patients living in urban areas vs 5 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.913) and spondylarthropathies (2 patients living in urban areas vs. 1 patients living in rural areas; p= 1.000); and the Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (5 patients living in urban areas vs. 5 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.391) were more represented. DISCUSSION Main findings The result from our 15-year cross-sectional study revealed the existence of the age-, urban-rural, gender- and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. To our knowledge, it is the first study that has explored these aspects globally and exhaustively. Characteristics of the study participants This study showed that the overall hospital frequency of autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases was slightly low, females were more represented than males, study populations were younger. These results are in line with findings from previous studies [ 26 – 28 ]. In addition, autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases are part of rare diseases except some cases such rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroiditis [ 29 , 30 ]. Age-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Autoimmune diseases are defined as all pathological manifestations linked to the involvement of effectors of the immune system, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, specific to the antigens of the organism to which this system belongs (self-antigens). In contrast, auto-inflammatory diseases are due to an abnormality of innate immunity [ 2 , 4 ]. To our knowledge, there are no epidemiological data from published work seeking age group-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-based differences in these two major nosological entities and their sub-entities: autoimmune diseases (systemic autoimmune diseases and organ-specific autoimmune diseases) and autoinflammatory diseases (monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases), but several evidence studied individually different autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The age group of 20–39 years was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases, this is in concordance with previous studies [ 8 , 9 , 31 ]. Several studies showed that certain autoinflammatory diseases were more likely to be diagnosed in elderly than other age groups, in accordance with our study [ 13 , 32 ]. In contrast, certain autoinflammatory diseases were more diagnosed in younger old years [ 14 , 13 ]. Gender-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society [ 33 ]. In our study, the profession as houseworker was exclusively for the females, and farmer and worker for the males, which strongly indicate that some occupational are devoted either in males neither in females. There was significant correlation between the houseworker and autoinflammatory diseases. Houseworker-specific determinants associated with autoinflammatory diseases should be more explore in large cohort study. Sex- differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth"), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn [ 33 ]. In our study, the systemic autoimmune diseases were more frequently diagnosed in females than in males. The systemic autoimmune diseases found were dominated by systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple studies found that systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were more prevalent in females than in males, these results parallel our findings [ 15 , 34 – 36 ]. The females were more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes and Graves’disease were the commonest of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Males were 2.89 times more likely to develop the type 1 diabetes than females in our study, consistent with some previous studies [ 37 , 38 ]. In contrast, Wändell et al. report no significant sex difference in type 1 diabetic in children 0–14 years of age [ 37 ]. This discrepancy may be explained by methodological approach notably the study population is stratified by age group in this study, but not our studies [ 37 ]. In our study, there were no cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in our study. The males were 2.04 times more likely than the females to have polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, males were 3.19 times more to develop systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases than females, although this increase was not statistically significative. These systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis. Several epidemiological data found that some systemic non autoimmune vascularitis such giant cell arteritis are more likely frequent in females than in males [ 39 , 40 ]. However, in our study, males were likely to have had the giant cell arteritis compared to females. These differences may reflect the participant inclusion criteria, and the site of study, which were hospital monocentric with exhaustive recruitment of all autoimmune and autoinflammatory cases in our study. Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more common in females than in males. Among the organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, gout as microcrystalline was the most prevalent. Males were 1.92 times more likely to have gout compare to females, as were found in this study [ 22 ]. Urban-rural based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases The systemic autoimmune diseases, in our study, were more prevalent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural. There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural areas in regards to systemic autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, these results are not in line with findings from previous studies. Gergianaki et al. Showed that the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban was 2.08 times more than in rural areas [ 41 ]. Then, Iltchev P et al. found that the rheumatoid arthritis was more than twice as many in urban areas than in rural areas [ 42 ]. Both studies were population-based study with high sample size, ours was hospital-based study, which may explain this contrast. The patients living in urban were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The patients living in urban areas were not more likely to have had type 1 diabetes and Graves’disease, compared to patients living in rural areas, in accordance with literature data [ 43 , 44 ]. The patients living in urban areas were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to develop the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. Systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis among which the giant cell arteritis. This population-based study found that the giant cell arteritis was significantly more frequent in patients living in urban areas than the patients living in rural areas, consistent with our study findings [ 45 ]. Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more frequent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural areas. The organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by the chronic inflammatory rheumatism including the gout as microcrystalline and the chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Dehlin et al. studied the incidence and prevalence of gout in Western Sweden in which there was no significant difference in the prevalence of gout in rural compared to urban areas, this is in concordance with our study findings [ 46 ]. Study limitations Our study has limitations. Firstly, the patients followed as outpatients in the internal medicine department, and the patients treated in other departments at the University Hospital Center of the Point G and other health structures for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease, which may have led to under-ascertainment on the latter. A second limitation, we had not confirmed the autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease in certain patients because of socio-economic status. Thus, the patients did not perform certain specific para-clinical examinations to confirm the diagnosis, which may cause confounding biases. Finally, the study was performed in localized areas, single-center study, which may hamper generalizability. Study strengths This study contains several strengths. First, it is a long-term observational study with exhaustive method of sampling of all cases of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Second, consent procedures were not required for enrollment, therefore minimizing bias and increasing slightly the generalizability of results. Third, our study demonstrates the scope of the problematic of age, urban-rural, gender and sex-based variations in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. And finally, we believe that our data provide sufficient grounds for a reexamination of the correlation between the age-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-specific determinants and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Perspectives The Malian registry of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases should be more funded and structured in order to provide a large multi-center cohort study necessary to identify the significant correlations between the age group-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-based differences, and also extended to ethnicity, seasonality, geographic, occupational variations in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, it should permit to more explore its specific determinants associated to the development of these autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION Autoimmune diseases are significantly prevalent in young adult while autoinflammatory diseases in elderly. Gender related occupations are found among some professions such as houseworker, farmer, and worker. The systemic autoimmune diseases are more frequently diagnosed in females than in males. The females are more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. There are no cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in our study. The males are more likely than the females to have polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, males are more likely to develop systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases than females. Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more common in females than in males. The systemic autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in patients living in urban areas at the time of diagnosis than in patients living in rural. The patients living in urban are more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The patients living in urban areas are more likely than the patients living in rural areas to develop the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural in regarding systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more frequent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural areas. Upon studying the age-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, its specific determinants associated to the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases should be more explored. Declarations As an ethics statement, given the nature of the study, formal ethical approval from an ethics committee was sought. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako. In addition, the formal permission to conduct this study was obtained from the General Director of University Hospital Center of the Point G. Primary Funding Source: Not applicable. FUNDING All authors declare that no grants for this research were received from any funding agency. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS Data supporting the results for this study are provided as tables within the article and as supplementary materials. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We express our sincere gratitude to the head nurses of the two units of our department of internal medicine who are responsible of medical records and registry of hospitalization, and all the healthcare providers who participated in this study. AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS Conception: Kaly Keïta and Hamar Alassane Traoré. Design of the study: Kaly Keïta, Boua Daoud Camara, Alassane Alfousséni Doumbia, and Mahamadou Diakité. Data collection: Cheick Oumar Kamissoko, Nagou Tolo, Nanko Doumbia, Brehima Boly Berthé, Drissa Sangaré, Mahamadou Saliou and Kaly Keïta. Data analysis and interpretation: Ibrahima Amadou Dembélé, Mamadou Cissoko, Youssouf Fofana, Djibril Sy, Djénèbou Traoré, Assétou Soukho Kaya, Mamadou Dembélé, Abdoulaye Keïta, Abdoulaye Diawara and Hamar Alassane Traoré. Supervision: Mahamadou Diakité. Writing original draft: Kaly Keïta, Mamadou Wélé, Kassim Traoré , Jeffrey G. Shaffer. Writing review and editing: Kaly Keïta, Boua Daoud Camara, Alassane Alfousséni Doumbia, Cheick Oumar Kamissoko, Djibril Sy, Djénèbou Traoré, Assétou Soukho Kaya, Mamadou Dembélé, Abdoulaye Keïta, Abdoulaye Diawara, Mamadou Wélé, Kassim Traoré, Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Mahamadou Diakité and Hamar Alassane Traoré. Guarantor of the study: Hamar Alassane Traoré. All the authors have read and agreed to the final manuscript. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare that they have no competing interests. References Keïta K. Autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases and their comorbidities: In internal medicine at the Point G University Hospital. 2021. Chisinau. 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Tables Table 1: Distribution of patients according to the age groups and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases Age group Autoimmune diseases Autoinflammatory diseases n (%) OR (95% CI) p-value n (%) OR (95% CI) p-value < 19 years 47 (16.5) 1.38 (0.46 - 4.13) 0.560 5 (12,5) 0.72 (0.27 – 1,93) 0.509 20 - 39 years 153 (53.7) 5.02 (2.01 – 12.57) 0.000 8 (20,0) 0.21 (0.10 – 0.47) 0.000 40 - 59 years 61 (21.4) 0.70 (0.31 - 1.58) 0.385 11 (27,5) 1.40 (0.66 – 2.97) 0.377 60 - 79 years 24 (8.4) 0.13 (0.06 - 0.30) 0.000 16 (40,0) 8.13 (3.75 – 17.61) 0.000 Table 2: Distribution of patients according to the profession and the autoimmune and autoinflammatoty diseases Profession Autoimmune diseases Autoinflammatory diseases Autoimmune diseases, n (%) Not autoimmune diseases, n (%) Autoinflammatory diseases, n (%) Not autoinflammatory diseases, n (%) Houseworker 109 (92.4) 9 (7.6) 9 (7.6) 109 (89.8) Pupil/Student 45 (91.8) 4 (8.2) 5 (10.2) 44 (89.8) Trader 26 (92.9) 2 (7.1) 2 (7.1) 26 (92.9) Farmer 19 (79.2) 5 (20.8) 6 (25.0) 18 (75.0) Worker 12 (75.0) 4 (25.0) 5 (31.3) 11 (68.8) Civil servant 32 (88.9) 4 (11.1) 6 (16.7) 30 (83.3) Not employed 4 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (100) Others 2 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (100) No information 18 (94.7) 1 (5.3) 1 (5.3) 18 (94.7) Artisan 14 (82.4) 3 (5.3) 5 (29.4) 12 (70.6) Liberal profession 4 (100) 0 (0) 1 (25.0) 3 (75.0) Table 3: Distribution of patients according to the sex and the autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases Sex Male-to-female ratio OR (95% CI) p-value Male, n= 101 n (%) Female, n= 206 n (%) Systemic autoimmune diseases 7 (6.31) 63 (30.58) 0.11 0.15 (0.07 – 0.35) 0.000 Systemic lupus erythematosus 3 (2.70) 40 (19.42) 0.07 0.12 (0.03 – 0.38) 0.000 Systemic scleroderma 1 (0.90) 3 (1.46) 0.33 0.61 (0.18 – 5.98) 1.000 Dermato-polymyositis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 1.000 Rheumatoid arthritis 3 (2.70) 13 (6.31) 0.23 0.41 (0.12 – 1.48) 0.162 Sharp syndrome/mixte connective tissue diseases a 0 (0.00) 6 (2.91) 0 - 0.095 Rheumatoid arthritis + Systemic Lupus erythematosus 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 0.529 Rheumatoid arthritis + Systemic Lupus erythematosus + Dermato-polymyositis + Systemic Scleroderma 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - Systemic Lupus erythematosus + Systemic Scleroderma 0 (0.00) 4 (1.94) 0 - Systemic auto-immune vascularitis 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - Organ-specific autoimmune diseases 90 (81.08) 131 (63.59) 0.69 2.45 (1.41– 4.27) 0.001 Type 1 diabete 64 (57.66) 77 (37.38) 0.83 2.28 (1.43 – 3.65) 0.001 Autoimmune polyendocrinpathies a 1 (0.90) 1 (0.49) 1 1.86 (0.12 – 30.08) 1.000 De Quervain’s thyroiditis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 1.000 Graves’disease 10 (9.01) 38 (18.45) 0.26 0.44 (0.20 – 0.92) 0.025 Guillain Barre syndrome 4 (3.60) 3 (1.46) 1.33 2.55 (0.56 – 11.62) 0.245 Multiple sclerosis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 1.000 Myasthenia gravis 3 (2.70) 0 (0.00) - - 0.042 Autoimmune hepatitis 1 (0.90) 0 (0.00) - - 0.350 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 2 (1.80) 8 (3.88) 0.25 0.45 (0.09 – 2.17) 0.499 Immunological thrombocytopenic prupura 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 1.000 Biermers’disease 6 (5.41) 2 (0.97) 3 5.82 (1.56 – 29.38) 0.024 Autoimmune polyendocrinpathies a : Graves’disease + Addison’s diseases (2 cases) Table 4: Distribution of patients according to diseases the sex and the autoinflammatory Autoinflammatory diseases Sex Male-to-female ratio OR (95% CI) p-value Male, n= 101 n (%) Female, n= 206 n (%) Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - Polygenic autoinflammatory diseases 20 (18.02) 20 (9.71) 1 2.04 (4.52 – 3.99) 0.033 Systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases 5 (4.50) 3 (1.46) 1.66 3.19 (0.75 – 13.61) 0.134 Systemic non autoimmune vascularitis 5 (4.50) 1 (0.49) 5 9.67 (1.12 – 83.83) 0.021 Horton’s disease 2 (1.80) 0 (0.00) - - 0.122 Periartritis nodosa 1 (0.90) 0 (0.00) - - 0.350 Vascularitis of undetermined origin 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - O.650 Burger angitis 1 (0.90) 0 (0.00) - - 0.350 Other systemic non autoimmune vascularitis 2 (1.80) 0 (0.00) 2 - 0.122 Burger angitis 1 (0.90) 0 (0.00) - - 0.122 leukocytoclassical vascularitis 1 (0.90) 0 (0.00) - - Systemic sarcoidosis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 1.000 Still’s disease 0 (0.00) 1 (0.49) 0 - 1.000 Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases 15 (13.31) 17 (8.25) 0.88 1.74 (0.83 – 3.63) 0.138 Chronic inflammatory rheumatism 11 (9.91) 11 (5.34) 1 1.95 (0.82 – 4.65) 0.127 Pseudo rheumatoid arthritis 1(0.90) 0 (0.00) - - 0.350 Microcrystalline arthropathies 8 (7.21) 8 (3.88) 1 1.92 (0.70 – 5.27) 0.197 Gout 8 (7.21) 8 (3.88) 1 1.92 (0.70 – 5.27) 0.197 Chondrocalcinosis 0(0.00) 0(0.00) - - - Spondylarthropathies 2(1.80) 1(0.49) 2 3.76 (0.34 – 41.95) 0.281 Reactive arthritis 1(0.90) 0(0.00) - - 0.281 Psoriatic rheumatism 0(0.00) 1(0.49) 0 - Ankiylosing spondylitis 1(0.90) 0(0.00) - - Others chronic inflammatory diseases 2(1.80) 0(0.00) - - 0.543 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 0(0.00) 1(0.49) 0 - 1.000 Jaccoub’s arthropathy 0(0.00) 1(0.49) 0 - Chronic inflammatory bowel disease 4 (3.60) 6 (2.91) 0.67 1.25 (0.34 – 4.51) 0.000 Crohn’s diseases 1(0.90) 1(0.49) 1 1.85 (0.12 – 30.08) 1.000 Ulcerative colitis 3 (2.70) 5 (2.43) 0.67 1.12 (0.26 – 4.76) 1.000 Table 5: Distribution of patients according to the residency and the autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases Residency OR (95% CI) p-value Urban, n= 214 n (%) Rural, n= 103 n (%) Systemic autoimmune diseases 44 (20.56) 26 (25.24) 0.77 (0.44 – 1.33) 0.347 Systemic lupus erythematosus 28 (13.08) 15 (14.56) 0.88 (0.44 – 1.74) 0.719 Systemic scleroderma 1 (0.47) 3 (2.91) 0.16 (0.02 – 1.52) 0.102 Dermato-polymyositis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.97) - 0.325 Rheumatoid arthritis 11 (5.14) 5 (4.85) 1.06 (0.36 – 3.14) 0.913 Sharp syndrome/mixte connectivitis tissue diseases a 5 (2.34) 1(0.97) 2.44 (0.28 – 21.16) 0.366 Systemic auto-immune vascularitis 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - Organ-specific autoimmune diseases 153 (71.50) 68 (66.02) 1.29 (0.78 – 2.14) 0.320 Type 1 diabete 101 (47.20) 40 (38.83) 1.41 (0.87 – 2.27) 0.161 Autoimmune polyendocrinpathies b 1 (0.47) 1(0.97) 0.48 (0.03 – 7.73) 0.545 De Quervain’s thyroiditis 1 (0.47) 0(0.00) - 1.000 Graves’disease 35 (16.36) 23 (12.62) 1.35 (0.75 – 2.69) 0.385 Guillain Barre syndrome 5 (2.34) 2 (1.94) 1.21 (0.23 – 6.33) 1.000 Multiple sclerosis 1 (0.47) 0(0.00) - 1.000 Myasthenia gravis 1 (0.47) 2(1.94) 0.24 (0.02 – 2.65) 0.247 Autoimmune hepatitis 1 (0.47) 0(0.00) - 1.000 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 4 (1.87) 6 (5.83) 0.31 (0.08 – 112) 0.123 Immunological thrombocytopenic prupura 0 (0.00) 1(0.97) - 0.325 Biermers’disease 5 (2.34) 3 (2.91) 0.80 (0.19 – 3.40) 0.718 Sharp syndrome/mixte connective tissue diseases a : Systemic Lupus erythematosus + Rheumatoid arthritis (1 case); Systemic Lupus erythematosus + Rheumatoid arthritis + Dermato-polymyositis (DPM) + systemic scleroderma (1case); Systemic Lupus erythematosus + systemic scleroderma (4case) Autoimmune polyendocrinpathies b : Graves’disease + Addison’s diseases (2 cases) Table 6: Distribution of patients according to the residency and the autoinflammatory diseases Autoinflammatory diseases Residency OR (95% CI) p-value Urban, n= 214 n (%) Rural, n= 103 n (%) Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - Polygenic autoinflammatory diseases 25 (11.68) 15 (14.56) 0.78 (0.39 – 1.54) 0.469 Systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases 4 (1.87) 4 (3.88) 0.47 (0.12 – 1.92) 0.281 Systemic non autoimmune vascularitis 3 (1.40) 3 (2.91) 0.47 (0.09 – 2.39) 0.394 Horton’s disease 2 (0.93) 0 (0.00) - 1.000 Periartritis nodosa 0 (0.00) 1 (0.97) - 0.325 Vascularitis of undetermined origin 0 (0.00) 1 (0.97) - 0.325 Other systemic non autoimmune vascularitis 1 (0.47) 1 (0.97) 0.48 (0.03 – 7.73) 0.545 Burger angitis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.97) - - Leucytoclassic vascularitis 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - - Systemic sarcoidosis 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - 1.000 Still’s disease 0 (0.00) 1 (0.97) - 0.325 Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases 21 (9.81) 11 (10.68) 0.91 (0.42 – 1.97) 0.810 Chronic inflammatory rheumatism 16 (7.48) 6 (5.83) 1.31 (0.50 – 3.44) 0.588 Pseudo rheumatoid arthritis 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - 1.000 Microcrystalline arthropathies 11 (5.14) 5 (4.85) 1.06 (0.36 – 3.14) 0.913 Gout 11 (5.14) 5 (4.85) 1.06 (0.36 – 3.14) 0.913 Chondrocalcinosis 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - Spondylarthropathies 2 (0.93) 1 (0.97) 0.96 (0.86 –10.74) 1.000 Reactive arthritis 0 (0.00) 1 (0.97) - 0.694 Psoriatic rheumatism 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - Ankiylosing spondylitis 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - Others chronic inflammatory diseases 2 (0.93) 0 (0.00) - 1.000 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - 1.000 Jaccoub’s arthropathy 1 (0.47) 0 (0.00) - Chronic inflammatory bowel disease 5 (2.34) 5 (4.85) 0.47 (0.13 – 1.66) 0.391 Crohn’s diseases 1 (0.47) 1 (0.97) 0.48 (0.03 – 7.73) 0.545 Ulcerative colitis 4 (1.87) 4 (3.88) 0.47 (0.12 ­­- 1.92) 0.281 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files FigureS1.png Distribution of patients according to the sociodemographic data such the sex (A), the age groups (B), the residency (C), and the profession (D) FigureS2.png Distribution of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases related patients according to the sex and the profession Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7991120","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":537614730,"identity":"f9f8a3f8-0f03-41f8-91f8-4d0d4041792b","order_by":0,"name":"Kaly Keïta","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQbGBgaGAwwyDOxAmsHAgigtjQ1ALTwMPAdAWiSI0QKyBqRFIgHKJwQk25vbH/w4Y8djcPP51Q0/CiQY+Nu7E/BqkeY52NjYcyOZx+B2TtnNHqDDJM6c3YBXi5xEYmMDzwdmkJa0GzxALQYSuQS0yD9sbPzzoR7osDNpN/8Qo0VagrGxmefGYR6DG+zHbhNli2RPYuNsmTPHeSTP5LDdljGQ4CHoF4njxx98fHOsWo7v+PFnN9/8sZHjb+/FrwUOFA7wGIBoHuKUg4B8A/sD4lWPglEwCkbBiAIAgiBNk16jrEMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5820-9853","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaly","middleName":"","lastName":"Keïta","suffix":""},{"id":537614731,"identity":"9dd8744b-0094-4da3-ba58-ea6f12dbfb78","order_by":1,"name":"Boua Daoud Camara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nianankoro Fomba Hospital, Ségou, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Boua","middleName":"Daoud","lastName":"Camara","suffix":""},{"id":537614732,"identity":"7d343eda-0d2f-4a94-b210-e377c34e7b76","order_by":2,"name":"Alassane Alfousséni Doumbia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Mali Hospital, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alassane","middleName":"Alfousséni","lastName":"Doumbia","suffix":""},{"id":537614733,"identity":"4ea80643-a628-47b5-b59a-8cdde99d26e1","order_by":3,"name":"Cheick Oumar Kamissoko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sélingué Reference Health Center, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cheick","middleName":"Oumar","lastName":"Kamissoko","suffix":""},{"id":537614734,"identity":"70687a42-3eb9-441f-9985-4a6abf7837f6","order_by":4,"name":"Nagou Tolo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of internal Medicine, Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital Center, Kati, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nagou","middleName":"","lastName":"Tolo","suffix":""},{"id":537614735,"identity":"e63d9c73-bce8-431f-9bf5-6f61d058c46c","order_by":5,"name":"Nanko Doumbia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Mali Hospital, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nanko","middleName":"","lastName":"Doumbia","suffix":""},{"id":537614736,"identity":"7686c9ce-3d13-45d4-a2a6-101881bfac45","order_by":6,"name":"Brehima Boly Berthé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Infirmary of Bamako, Malian Army Health Service","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Brehima","middleName":"Boly","lastName":"Berthé","suffix":""},{"id":537614737,"identity":"7f4b00f4-ed35-4140-aa09-2b1cfa6db1b0","order_by":7,"name":"Drissa Sangaré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fousseyni Daou Regional Hospital of Kayes, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Drissa","middleName":"","lastName":"Sangaré","suffix":""},{"id":537614738,"identity":"550842ef-64f8-40aa-aaa8-251637aeff06","order_by":8,"name":"Mahamadou Saliou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahamadou","middleName":"","lastName":"Saliou","suffix":""},{"id":537614739,"identity":"d986557c-1283-4a4c-8aa4-fe8431503a1c","order_by":9,"name":"Ibrahima Amadou Dembélé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ibrahima","middleName":"Amadou","lastName":"Dembélé","suffix":""},{"id":537614740,"identity":"1175b846-29e2-4029-909e-e47dbe1119a8","order_by":10,"name":"Mamadou Cissoko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamadou","middleName":"","lastName":"Cissoko","suffix":""},{"id":537614741,"identity":"4ef421d8-cfaa-4997-bb65-0a203b18395c","order_by":11,"name":"Youssouf Fofana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, “Mère-Enfant Luxembourg” University Hospital Center (CHU), Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Youssouf","middleName":"","lastName":"Fofana","suffix":""},{"id":537614742,"identity":"1b0417b3-1188-40f9-8c07-4d1158008e29","order_by":12,"name":"Djibril Sy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Djibril","middleName":"","lastName":"Sy","suffix":""},{"id":537614743,"identity":"1d6693a3-039f-4370-a22d-fefc7d09db83","order_by":13,"name":"Djénèbou Traoré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Djénèbou","middleName":"","lastName":"Traoré","suffix":""},{"id":537614744,"identity":"ed5f5be8-2826-466a-b4e4-0d89455b24d5","order_by":14,"name":"Assétou Soukho Kaya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Assétou","middleName":"Soukho","lastName":"Kaya","suffix":""},{"id":537614745,"identity":"7c5e4623-6a88-40e7-a7ea-0a06b504f8b1","order_by":15,"name":"Mamadou Dembélé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USSTB), Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamadou","middleName":"","lastName":"Dembélé","suffix":""},{"id":537614746,"identity":"c84389f1-650b-4ffd-84fc-317b0d690e7c","order_by":16,"name":"Abdoulaye Keïta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Drug and Laboratory Unit, Regional Health Department of Koulikoro, Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdoulaye","middleName":"","lastName":"Keïta","suffix":""},{"id":537614747,"identity":"af4f2421-e0b8-4c0b-8149-895c8869ad34","order_by":17,"name":"Abdoulaye Diawara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USSTB), Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdoulaye","middleName":"","lastName":"Diawara","suffix":""},{"id":537614748,"identity":"54591fce-0be2-4406-81e6-d6d8cd08f8c1","order_by":18,"name":"Mamadou Wélé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USSTB), Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamadou","middleName":"","lastName":"Wélé","suffix":""},{"id":537614749,"identity":"9e32bc06-d082-4e47-8f0d-46edf943af2d","order_by":19,"name":"Kassim Traoré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Departement of Biochemistry and Genetics Duquesne, University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kassim","middleName":"","lastName":"Traoré","suffix":""},{"id":537614750,"identity":"a47ed9e7-10fb-4d9a-a47e-a034588ce0a1","order_by":20,"name":"Jeffrey G. Shaffer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jeffrey","middleName":"G.","lastName":"Shaffer","suffix":""},{"id":537614751,"identity":"9ad5fddb-1109-4fe8-be12-47bb0d36bb26","order_by":21,"name":"Mahamadou Diakité","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USSTB), Mali","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahamadou","middleName":"","lastName":"Diakité","suffix":""},{"id":537614752,"identity":"2f8f9376-c1b5-4763-b1e4-e7b63e6fa45c","order_by":22,"name":"Hamar Alassane Traoré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USSTB), 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16:25:32","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":24283,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of patients according to the sociodemographic data such the sex (A), the age groups (B), the residency (C), and the profession (D)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"FigureS1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7991120/v1/bc3b01a92efd8999566c7e33.png"},{"id":95112707,"identity":"77b6d787-0825-4bbd-9496-262264620fb3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 12:15:11","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":18339,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases related patients according to the sex and the profession\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"FigureS2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7991120/v1/530fa0e59502e60e83bd6fff.png"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge, Urban-Rural, Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAutoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are a large heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that have in common the chronic inflammatory process but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely variable [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Autoimmune diseases are defined as all pathological manifestations linked to the involvement of effectors of the immune system, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, specific to the antigens of the organism to which this system belongs (self-antigens) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. They are very heterogeneous and are usually classified into two groups: systemic autoimmune diseases and organ-specific autoimmune diseases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. As for auto-inflammatory diseases, they are due to an abnormality of innate immunity. There are no elevated or pathogenic autoantibodies and no activated T-lymphocytes, as opposed to autoimmune diseases. They are subdivided into two groups: monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases can also be subdivided into two groups: systemic polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases and organ-specific polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases according to their clinical phenotype [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeveral studies demonstrated that most of autoimmune diseases occurred in young adult [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Indeed, autoimmune diseases are among the leading causes of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States. The underlying mechanism remain an opened research question in the literature. However, the sex-hormone upregulation et environment factors as endocrine-disrupting chemicals are more and more described to be associated to the autoimmune diseases occurrence and so that the young adults are more likely than others age groups to be exposed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. The monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases are exceptional in sub-Saharan Africa but cases are commonly reported in North Africa [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The polygenic autoinflammatory diseases such systemic sarcoidosis occurred frequently in the age group of 20\u0026ndash;45 years old for males and 50\u0026ndash;65 years old for females [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], Still onset diseases with the median age 42 years for females and 39 years for males [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEpidemiological data from published works suggest that sociocultural gender based differences in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases are a neglected area in the literature, on the one hand and there are more reporting biases based on confusion between sociocultural determinants (gender) and biological determinants (sex), on the other hand. Indeed, some studies report that lower education level in women, higher smoking rates in men, and environmental exposure in men are gender related determinant associated to autoimmune diseases [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, tertiary referral center accessibility was found to be positively correlated to poor management of sarcoidosis, an autoinflammatory diseases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is long been appreciated that the majority of autoimmune diseases occurred in women than in males. This support that females are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases than males. Sex-based immunological and hormonal differences could contribute to the difference in diseases susceptibility [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Some polygenic autoinflammatory diseases occurred frequently in females than in males, sarcoidosis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], adult-onset Still\u0026rsquo;s disease [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] and those in males than in females, gout [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sociocultural, and the environmental factors and their long-term interaction with genetic and epigenetic factors leading immune-endocrine dysregulation may be different between urban and rural area. These may explain the differences observed in some diseases between urban and rural area. Indeed, the urban-rural based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are less investigated. However, Allen et al. reported that a diagnosis peak of Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease, in the third and fourth quarter among rural cases contrasted with even quarterly distribution among urban cases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, Kajdasz et al. demonstrated that a number of rurally-linked exposures were found to be univariately associated with the development of sarcoidosis, a polygenic autoinflammatory diseases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaken together, although research works investigated the relationship between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences and certain autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases taken individually. However, there are no studies that explored globally and exhaustively this relationship between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, these aspects are less studied in Africa, particularly in Mali.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTherefore, there is a crucial need to more explore the relationship of age, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and furthermore to identify its specific determinants associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. So, the research strategy that aims to explore these aspects would contribute to identify new therapeutic targets and to adapt treatment and preventive strategies. We aimed in this work to determine age, urban- rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases in internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch questions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study addresses two research questions, namely: 1) Are there relevant significant associations between the age, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological sub-entities and each of the autoimmune diseases? 2) Are there relevant significant associations between the age, urban-rural, gender and sex and autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological sub-entities and each of the autoinflammatory diseases?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted to explore the age, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The study strictly adhered to the cross-sectional reporting guidelines of Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy setting\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBamako is the capital and largest city of Mali. Mali is a West African country, comprising 19 administrative regions. Mali is a developing country that is currently 184th out of 189, United Nations Human Development Index 2019. Mali\u0026rsquo;s population is estimated at 22\u0026nbsp;million 395 thousand 485 inhabitants, including : 47.2% of young people under the age of 15 ; 49.9% of people aged 15 to 64, according to the Fifth General Census Of The Population And Housing in Mali. Mali has one of the highest fertility rates in the world, with over six children per woman in 2018. Since January 2016, the guaranteed minimum salary (SMIG) is 40,000 FCFA (US\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e80). More than 20% of the country\u0026rsquo;s population live in urban areas and more than 60% in rural areas. In Mali, the Health care is organized into three levels: the district health level (community health centers and reference health centers), the second level represents the regional hospitals, and the third level is anchored by the national hospitals and university hospital centers (UHC). Among the third level the University Hospital Center of the Point G where the present study was conducted between January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2019, which is 15 years. It is located in Bamako. This department of internal Medicine, known as center of excellence for diagnosis and management of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, is held by educators, researchers, and practioner internists. A total of 6383 patients were hospitalized during the study period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy population\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe included in this study all the medical records of patients hospitalized for autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory disease during the study period. We did not include in this study the outpatients, and the patients hosipitalized with the diagnosis of autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases in the internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G outside the study period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVariables\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe independent study variables were the socio-demographic data which included sex, age, profession, and residency. Autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, its nosological sub-entities and each of the autoimmune diseases; and autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, its nosological sub-entities, and each of the autoinflammatory diseases are the dependent (outcome) variables, for which diagnoses were established on the basis of clinical and paraclinical data and/or validated diagnostic criteria according to the type of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData collection\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA pre-established survey form was designed and used to collect data on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, profession/gender related occupation, residency and clinical variables such as discharge diagnosis were collected from medical records and registry of hospitalization used for medical record identification.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDifficulties and biases\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring this study, we encountered certain problems related to the lack of information in the medical records. Some clinical hypothesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases were not confirmed because of financial difficulties to perform speficific tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSampling and sample size\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was an exhaustive sampling of all cases of hospitalization for autoimmune and/or auto-inflammatory diseases during the study period. The sample size was not calculated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical methods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe collected data were entered into SPSS version 22 software for cleaning and analysis. Data cleaning was done by checking and correcting for duplicates and completing missing data, and correcting outliers. We used Microsoft Excel to generate bar graphs. We conducted statistical analyses using Epi Info version 7.2 and SPSS version 22 software. We conducted univariate analysis to obtain mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and numbers and percentages for qualitative data. In the bivariate analysis, we calculated odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (C.I), and p-values. The outcome variables of interest for bivariate analysis were autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, autoimmune diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases\u0026rsquo; nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases. The categorical independent variables of interest were age group, sex, profession, and residency. The Chi-square (uncorrected and corrected) and Fisher\u0026acute;s exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance and strength of the associations between the categorical independent variables and the outcome variables. A two-tailed p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 were retained and considered as statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEthical consideration\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to Helsinki guideline, research involving human subject should be conducted ethically, with the well-being of the subject taking priority over scientific or societal interests. Our research study aiming to provide a cross-sectional data on the relationship between age group, urban-rural, gender and sex-based differences and all autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases the internal medicine department involved human subjects. However, we used secondary data on patient\u0026rsquo;s medical records (sociodemographic and clinical data) and did not use the biological specimens.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the study was retrospective and all data was extracted anonymously from the medical records and registry of hospitalization. Therefore, patients\u0026rsquo; informed consent was not required.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the nature of the study, formal ethical approval from an ethics committee was not sought. However, formal permission to conduct this study was obtained from the General Director of University Hospital Center of the Point G. The medical records and registry of hospitalization were returned in the archive room immediately after exploitation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics of the study participants\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring a fifteen-year study period, 331 cases of autoimmune diseases and/or autoinflammatory diseases including 07 cases of associations were noted from 317 medical records. These were 291 cases of autoimmune diseases and 40 cases of autoinflammatory diseases. Socio-demographic data are illustrated in the figure S1 (Supplementary Appendix). \u0026nbsp;Out of the 317 medical records included in the study, the female represented 65.0% of cases with a sex-ratio of 0.54. The age group of 20 \u0026ndash; 39 years accounted for 50.2% of the study population; the mean age of patients was\u0026nbsp;35.3 \u0026plusmn;16.3 years; and the extreme ages were 07 and 79 years. Houseworkers were found in 37.2% of cases. Patients came from urban areas in 65.5% of cases.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTable 1 summarizes the comparison of patients between the different age groups and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe age group of 20 \u0026ndash; 39 years was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases (153 cases;\u0026nbsp;OR= 5.02; 95% CI= 2.01 \u0026ndash; 12.57; p= 0.000). The age group of 60 \u0026ndash; 79 years was significantly associated with autoinflammatory diseases (16 cases; OR= 8.13; 95% CI= 3.75 \u0026ndash; 17.61; p= 0.000).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparison of patients between the sex and the profession are mentioned in figure S2 (Supplementary Appendix). The profession as houseworkers were exclusively for the females (118 cases vs. 0) and farmers and workers for the males (24 cases vs. 0 and 15 cases vs. 1 cases, respectively). Table 2 shows the comparison of patients between the profession and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. There was no significant correlation between the houseworkers and autoimmune diseases (109 Houseworkers; OR= 1.58; 95% CI= 0.71 \u0026ndash; 3.55; p= 0.261), and between the farmers and autoimmune diseases (19 farmers; OR= 0.39; 95% CI= 0.13 \u0026ndash; 1.12; p= 0.080). Auto-inflammatory diseases occurred more frequently in houseworkers (9 houseworkers; OR= 0.45; 95% CI= 0.21 \u0026ndash; 0.98; p= 0.039). The farmers were 2.54 times more likely to develop autoinflammatory diseases than others professions (6 farmers; OR= 2.54; 95% IC= 0.94 \u0026ndash; 6.84; p= 0.114).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3 summarizes the comparison of patients between the sex and the autoimmune diseases.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe systemic autoimmune diseases were more frequently diagnosed in females than in males (63 cases vs. 7 cases; 0R= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.07 \u0026ndash; 0.35; p=0.000).\u0026nbsp;The systemic autoimmune diseases found were dominated by systemic lupus erythematosus (3 males vs. 40 females, p= 0.000), rheumatoid arthritis (3 males vs. 13 females, p= 0.162). The females were 2.45 times more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (90 cases vs. 131 cases; OR= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.41\u0026ndash; 4.27; p=0.001).\u0026nbsp;Type 1 diabetes (64 males vs. 77 females; OR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.43 \u0026ndash; 3.65; p= 0.001) and Graves\u0026rsquo;disease (10 males vs. 38 females,\u0026nbsp;OR= 0.44; 95% CI=0.20 \u0026ndash; 0.92; p= 0.025) were the commonest organ-specific autoimmune diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparison of patients between the sex and the autoinflammatory diseases are mentioned in table 4. There were no cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in our study. The males were 2.04 times more likely than the females to develop polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (20 cases vs. 20 cases; OR= 2.04; 95% CI= 4.52 \u0026ndash; 3.99; p= 0.033). \u0026nbsp;The systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were 3.19 times more likely to be found to be in males than in females (5 cases vs. 3 cases; OR= 3.19; 95% CI= 0.75 \u0026ndash; 13.61; p= 0.134). These systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis (5 cases vs. 1 case; OR=9.67; 95% CI= 1.12 \u0026ndash; 83.83; p= 0.021). Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more common in females than in males (15 cases vs. 17 cases; OR= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.83 \u0026ndash; 3.63; p= 0.138). Among the organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, the chronic inflammatory rheumatism (11 cases vs. 11 cases; p= 0.127): gout as microcrystalline arthropathies (8 cases vs 8 cases; p= 0.197) and spondylarthropathies (2 cases vs. 1 case; p= 0.281); and the Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (4 cases vs. 6 cases; p= 0.000) were more prevalent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrban-rural based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5 summarizes comparison of patients between the residency and the autoimmune diseases. The systemic autoimmune diseases were more prevalent in patients living in urban areas at the time of diagnosis (44 cases) than in patients living in rural (26 cases), (0R=0.77; 95% CI=0.44 \u0026ndash; 1.33; p= 0.347). There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural areas in regards to systemic autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus (28 cases vs. 15 cases; p= 0.719), Rheumatoid arthritis (11 cases vs. 15 cases; p= 0.913).\u0026nbsp;The patients living in urban were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (153 cases vs. 68 cases; OR= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.78 \u0026ndash; 2.14; p= 0.320). Type 1 diabetes (101 patients living in urban vs. 40 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.161) and Graves\u0026rsquo;disease (35 patients living in urban vs. 23 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.385) were the commonest organ-specific autoimmune diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparison of patients between the residency and the autoinflammatory diseases are mentioned in table 6. The patients living in urban areas were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (25 cases vs. 15 cases; OR= 0.78; 95% CI= 0.39 \u0026ndash; 1.54; p= 0.469). There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural in regarding systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (4 cases vs. 4 cases; p= 0.281). These were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis (3 patients living in urban vs. 3 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.394). Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more frequent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural areas (21 cases vs. 11 cases; OR= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.42 \u0026ndash; 1.97; p= 0.810). Among the organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, the chronic inflammatory rheumatism (16 patients living in urban areas vs. 6 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.588): gout as microcrystalline arthropathies (11 patients living in urban areas vs 5 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.913) and spondylarthropathies (2 patients living in urban areas vs. 1 patients living in rural areas; p= 1.000); and the Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (5 patients living in urban areas vs. 5 patients living in rural areas; p= 0.391) were more represented.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMain findings\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe result from our 15-year cross-sectional study revealed the existence of the age-, urban-rural, gender- and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. To our knowledge, it is the first study that has explored these aspects globally and exhaustively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCharacteristics of the study participants\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study showed that the overall hospital frequency of autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases was slightly low, females were more represented than males, study populations were younger. These results are in line with findings from previous studies [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR27\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases are part of rare diseases except some cases such rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroiditis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAge-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAutoimmune diseases are defined as all pathological manifestations linked to the involvement of effectors of the immune system, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, specific to the antigens of the organism to which this system belongs (self-antigens). In contrast, auto-inflammatory diseases are due to an abnormality of innate immunity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. To our knowledge, there are no epidemiological data from published work seeking age group-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-based differences in these two major nosological entities and their sub-entities: autoimmune diseases (systemic autoimmune diseases and organ-specific autoimmune diseases) and autoinflammatory diseases (monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases), but several evidence studied individually different autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The age group of 20\u0026ndash;39 years was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases, this is in concordance with previous studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Several studies showed that certain autoinflammatory diseases were more likely to be diagnosed in elderly than other age groups, in accordance with our study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, certain autoinflammatory diseases were more diagnosed in younger old years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eGender-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, the profession as houseworker was exclusively for the females, and farmer and worker for the males, which strongly indicate that some occupational are devoted either in males neither in females. There was significant correlation between the houseworker and autoinflammatory diseases. Houseworker-specific determinants associated with autoinflammatory diseases should be more explore in large cohort study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSex- differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (\"sex assigned at birth\"), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, the systemic autoimmune diseases were more frequently diagnosed in females than in males. The systemic autoimmune diseases found were dominated by systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple studies found that systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were more prevalent in females than in males, these results parallel our findings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR35\" citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. The females were more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes and Graves\u0026rsquo;disease were the commonest of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Males were 2.89 times more likely to develop the type 1 diabetes than females in our study, consistent with some previous studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, W\u0026auml;ndell et al. report no significant sex difference in type 1 diabetic in children 0\u0026ndash;14 years of age [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. This discrepancy may be explained by methodological approach notably the study population is stratified by age group in this study, but not our studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, there were no cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in our study. The males were 2.04 times more likely than the females to have polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, males were 3.19 times more to develop systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases than females, although this increase was not statistically significative. These systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis. Several epidemiological data found that some systemic non autoimmune vascularitis such giant cell arteritis are more likely frequent in females than in males [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. However, in our study, males were likely to have had the giant cell arteritis compared to females. These differences may reflect the participant inclusion criteria, and the site of study, which were hospital monocentric with exhaustive recruitment of all autoimmune and autoinflammatory cases in our study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrgan-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more common in females than in males. Among the organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, gout as microcrystalline was the most prevalent. Males were 1.92 times more likely to have gout compare to females, as were found in this study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eUrban-rural based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe systemic autoimmune diseases, in our study, were more prevalent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural. There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural areas in regards to systemic autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, these results are not in line with findings from previous studies. Gergianaki et al. Showed that the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban was 2.08 times more than in rural areas [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. Then, Iltchev P et al. found that the rheumatoid arthritis was more than twice as many in urban areas than in rural areas [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Both studies were population-based study with high sample size, ours was hospital-based study, which may explain this contrast.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe patients living in urban were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The patients living in urban areas were not more likely to have had type 1 diabetes and Graves\u0026rsquo;disease, compared to patients living in rural areas, in accordance with literature data [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe patients living in urban areas were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to develop the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. Systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by systemic non autoimmune vascularitis among which the giant cell arteritis. This population-based study found that the giant cell arteritis was significantly more frequent in patients living in urban areas than the patients living in rural areas, consistent with our study findings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrgan-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more frequent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural areas. The organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were dominated by the chronic inflammatory rheumatism including the gout as microcrystalline and the chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Dehlin et al. studied the incidence and prevalence of gout in Western Sweden in which there was no significant difference in the prevalence of gout in rural compared to urban areas, this is in concordance with our study findings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudy limitations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur study has limitations. Firstly, the patients followed as outpatients in the internal medicine department, and the patients treated in other departments at the University Hospital Center of the Point G and other health structures for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease, which may have led to under-ascertainment on the latter. A second limitation, we had not confirmed the autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease in certain patients because of socio-economic status. Thus, the patients did not perform certain specific para-clinical examinations to confirm the diagnosis, which may cause confounding biases. Finally, the study was performed in localized areas, single-center study, which may hamper generalizability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudy strengths\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study contains several strengths. First, it is a long-term observational study with exhaustive method of sampling of all cases of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Second, consent procedures were not required for enrollment, therefore minimizing bias and increasing slightly the generalizability of results. Third, our study demonstrates the scope of the problematic of age, urban-rural, gender and sex-based variations in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. And finally, we believe that our data provide sufficient grounds for a reexamination of the correlation between the age-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-specific determinants and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003ePerspectives\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Malian registry of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases should be more funded and structured in order to provide a large multi-center cohort study necessary to identify the significant correlations between the age group-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-based differences, and also extended to ethnicity, seasonality, geographic, occupational variations in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, it should permit to more explore its specific determinants associated to the development of these autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAutoimmune diseases are significantly prevalent in young adult while autoinflammatory diseases in elderly. Gender related occupations are found among some professions such as houseworker, farmer, and worker. The systemic autoimmune diseases are more frequently diagnosed in females than in males. The females are more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. There are no cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in our study. The males are more likely than the females to have polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, males are more likely to develop systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases than females. Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more common in females than in males. The systemic autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in patients living in urban areas at the time of diagnosis than in patients living in rural. The patients living in urban are more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The patients living in urban areas are more likely than the patients living in rural areas to develop the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. There were no statistically significant differences between patients living in urban areas and patients living in rural in regarding systemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases Organ-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were more frequent in patients living in urban areas than in patients living in rural areas. Upon studying the age-, urban-rural-, gender- and sex-based differences in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, its specific determinants associated to the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases should be more explored.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAs an ethics statement, given the nature of the study, formal ethical approval from an ethics committee was sought. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako. In addition, the formal permission to conduct this study was obtained from the General Director of University Hospital Center of the Point G.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Funding Source:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFUNDING\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors declare that no grants for this research were received from any funding agency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData supporting the results for this study are provided as tables within the article and as supplementary materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe express our sincere gratitude to the head nurses of the two units of our department of internal medicine who are responsible of medical records and registry of hospitalization, and all the healthcare providers who participated in this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUTHORS\u0026apos; CONTRIBUTIONS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConception:\u003c/strong\u003e Kaly Ke\u0026iuml;ta and Hamar Alassane Traor\u0026eacute;. \u003cstrong\u003eDesign of the study:\u003c/strong\u003e Kaly Ke\u0026iuml;ta, Boua Daoud Camara, Alassane Alfouss\u0026eacute;ni Doumbia, and Mahamadou Diakit\u0026eacute;. \u003cstrong\u003eData collection:\u003c/strong\u003e Cheick Oumar Kamissoko, Nagou Tolo, Nanko Doumbia, Brehima Boly Berth\u0026eacute;, Drissa Sangar\u0026eacute;, Mahamadou Saliou and Kaly Ke\u0026iuml;ta. \u003cstrong\u003eData analysis and interpretation:\u003c/strong\u003e Ibrahima Amadou Demb\u0026eacute;l\u0026eacute;, Mamadou Cissoko, Youssouf Fofana, Djibril Sy, Dj\u0026eacute;n\u0026egrave;bou Traor\u0026eacute;, Ass\u0026eacute;tou Soukho Kaya, Mamadou Demb\u0026eacute;l\u0026eacute;, Abdoulaye Ke\u0026iuml;ta, Abdoulaye Diawara and Hamar Alassane Traor\u0026eacute;. \u003cstrong\u003eSupervision:\u003c/strong\u003e Mahamadou Diakit\u0026eacute;. \u003cstrong\u003eWriting original draft:\u003c/strong\u003e Kaly Ke\u0026iuml;ta, Mamadou W\u0026eacute;l\u0026eacute;, Kassim Traor\u0026eacute; , Jeffrey G. Shaffer. \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eWriting review and editing:\u003c/strong\u003e Kaly Ke\u0026iuml;ta, Boua Daoud Camara, Alassane Alfouss\u0026eacute;ni Doumbia, Cheick Oumar Kamissoko, Djibril Sy, Dj\u0026eacute;n\u0026egrave;bou Traor\u0026eacute;, Ass\u0026eacute;tou Soukho Kaya, Mamadou Demb\u0026eacute;l\u0026eacute;, Abdoulaye Ke\u0026iuml;ta, Abdoulaye Diawara, Mamadou W\u0026eacute;l\u0026eacute;, Kassim Traor\u0026eacute;, Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Mahamadou Diakit\u0026eacute; and Hamar Alassane Traor\u0026eacute;. \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eGuarantor of the study:\u003c/strong\u003e Hamar Alassane Traor\u0026eacute;. All the authors have read and agreed to the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMPETING INTERESTS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKe\u0026iuml;ta K. Autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases and their comorbidities: In internal medicine at the Point G University Hospital. 2021. Chisinau. Editions Universitaires Europ\u0026eacute;ennes. Available from: https://www.amazon.fr/Autoimmune-auto-inflammatory-diseases-their-comorbidities/dp/6204669893\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTron F, Bach J-F. Concepts actuels de l\u0026rsquo;auto-immunit\u0026eacute;. In: Guillevin L, Meyer O, Hachulla E, Sibilia J, editors. Trait\u0026eacute; des Maladies et syndromes syst\u0026eacute;miques-6\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e edition. 2015. Paris. Lavoisier M\u0026eacute;decine Science. Available from: https://www.e.leclerc/fp/traite-des-maladies-et-syndromes-systemiques-6-ed-relie-9782257205858\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDavidson A, Diamond B. Autoimmune diseases. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345(5):340-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200108023450506.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSibilia J, Gilles GG. Syndromes et maladies auto-inflammatoires. 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Available from: https://numerabilis.u-paris.fr/ressources/pdf/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1995x029x002/HSMx1995x029x002x0175.pdf\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSougu\u0026eacute;, C., Zabsonr\u0026eacute;/Tiendr\u0026eacute;b\u0026eacute;ogo, J.W.S., Bagbila, W.P.A.H., et al. Rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques et maladies auto-immunes (RIC/MAI) vus en rhumatologie \u0026agrave; Bobo Dioulasso de novembre 2018 \u0026agrave; avril 2019. [abstract CO9]. Revue Africaine de M\u0026eacute;decine Interne. 2019; 6: 19.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKonat\u0026eacute;, I., Korsaga/Som\u0026eacute;, N.N., Kyelem, C.G., et al. Les maladies syst\u0026eacute;miques au service de dermatologie du CHU Souro Sanou (CHUSS) de Bobo-Dioulasso: \u0026Eacute;tat des lieux et d\u0026eacute;fis. [abstract CO25]. Revue Africaine de M\u0026eacute;decine Interne. 2019; 6: 29.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimone Baldovino, Elisa Menegatti, Dario Roccatello, Savino Sciascia. Immunological Rare Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017; 1031:497-509. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_26.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNguengang Wakap, S., Lambert, D.M., Olry, A. et al. Estimating cumulative point prevalence of rare diseases: analysis of the Orphanet database. Eur J Hum Genet. 2020; 28: 165\u0026ndash;173. doi: 10.1038/s41431-019-0508-0.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeeson B. Age and sex associations of 40 autoimmune diseases. Am J Med. 1994; 96(5):457-62. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90173-2.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaglund E, Bremander AB, Petersson IF, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes in southern Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(6):943-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.141598.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTorgrimson BN, Minson CTSex and gender: what is the difference? J Appl Physiol. 2005; 99: 785\u0026ndash;787, 2005. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00376.2005.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWolfe AM, Kellgren JH, Masi AT: The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. II. Incidence and diagnostic criteria. Bull Rheum Dis. 1968; 19:524-529. PMID: 4884388.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRonald F van Vollenhoven. Sex differences in rheumatoid arthritis: more than meets the eye... BMC Medicine. 2009; 7:12. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-12\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRam\u0026iacute;rez Sep\u0026uacute;lveda JI, Bolin K, Johannes Mofors J, et al. Sex differences in clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Biol Sex Differ. 2019 Dec 16;10(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s13293-019-0274-2.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eW\u0026auml;ndell PE, Carlsson AC. Time trends and gender differences in incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Sweden. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013; 9(4):342-9. doi: 10.2174/15733998113099990064.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOstman JO, Lonnberg G, Arnqvist HJ, et al. Gender differences and temporal variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes: results of 8012 cases in the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden 1983\u0026ndash;2002. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2008; 263; 386\u0026ndash;394. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007. 01896.x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSturm A, Dechant C, Proft F, et al. Gender differences in giant cell arteritis: a case-control study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34 (3 Suppl 97): S70-2. PMID: 27049638.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNir-paz R, Gross A, and Chajek-shaul T. Sex Differences in Giant Cell Arteritis. J Rheumatol. 2002 ;29 (6): 1219-23. PMID: 12064839.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGergianaki I, Fanouriakis A, Adamichou C, et al. Is systemic lupus erythematosus different in urban versus rural living environment? Data from the Cretan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Registry. Lupus. 2019;28 (1): 104-113. doi: 10.1177/0961203318816820.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIltchev P, Śliwczyński A, Czeleko T, et al. Epidemiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in rural and urban areas of Poland - 2008-2012. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2016; 23(2):350-6. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1203904.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSińska BI, Kucharska A, Rzońca E, et al. What Differentiates Rural and Urban Patients with Type 1 Diabetes-A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2023; 16(1):22. doi: 10.3390/nu16010022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrownlie BE, J E Wells JE. The epidemiology of thyrotoxicosis in New Zealand: incidence and geographical distribution in north Canterbury, 1983-1985. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990; 33(2):249-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00489.x. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinhold-Keller E, Zeidler A, Gutfleisch J, Peter HH, Raspe HH, Gross WL. Giant cell arteritis is more prevalent in urban than in rural populations: results of an epidemiological study of primary systemic vasculitides in Germany. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000; 39(12):1396-402. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/39.12.1396.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDehlin M, Drivelegka P, Sigurdardottir V, Sv\u0026auml;rd A, Jacobsson LTH. Incidence and prevalence of gout in Western Sweden. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016; 13:18:164. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1062-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"718\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDistribution of patients according to the age groups and the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 276px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 19 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38 (0.46 - 4.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (12,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72 (0.27 \u0026ndash; 1,93)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 - 39 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153 (53.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.02 (2.01 \u0026ndash; 12.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (20,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21 (0.10 \u0026ndash; 0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 - 59 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (21.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70 (0.31 - 1.58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (27,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40 (0.66 \u0026ndash; 2.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 - 79 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (8.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13 (0.06 - 0.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (40,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.13 (3.75 \u0026ndash; 17.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"643\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 718px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Distribution of patients according to the profession and the autoimmune and autoinflammatoty diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 338px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoimmune diseases,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNot autoimmune diseases,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoinflammatory diseases,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNot autoinflammatory diseases,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouseworker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109 (92.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (7.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (7.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109 (89.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePupil/Student\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (91.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (8.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (10.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (89.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrader\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (92.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (92.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (79.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (75.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWorker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (75.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (31.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (68.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCivil servant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (83.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (94.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (94.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArtisan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (82.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (5.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (29.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (70.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiberal profession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (75.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"756\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 718px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDistribution of patients according to the sex and the autoimmune diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 227px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale-to-female ratio\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n= 101\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemale, n= 206\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystemic autoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7 (6.31)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e63 (30.58)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.15 (0.07 \u0026ndash; 0.35)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic lupus erythematosus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (19.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12 (0.03 \u0026ndash; 0.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic scleroderma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61 (0.18 \u0026ndash; 5.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDermato-polymyositis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRheumatoid arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (6.31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41 (0.12 \u0026ndash; 1.48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSharp syndrome/mixte connective tissue diseases\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (2.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRheumatoid arthritis + Systemic Lupus erythematosus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.529\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRheumatoid arthritis + Systemic Lupus erythematosus + \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Dermato-polymyositis + Systemic Scleroderma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic Lupus erythematosus + \u0026nbsp;Systemic Scleroderma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 220px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic auto-immune vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrgan-specific autoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e90 (81.08)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e131 (63.59)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.69\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.45 (1.41\u0026ndash; 4.27)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Type 1 diabete\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (57.66)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77 (37.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.28 (1.43 \u0026ndash; 3.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune polyendocrinpathies\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.86 (0.12 \u0026ndash; 30.08)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDe Quervain\u0026rsquo;s thyroiditis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraves\u0026rsquo;disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (9.01)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (18.45)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44 (0.20 \u0026ndash; 0.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGuillain Barre syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.55 (0.56 \u0026ndash; 11.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple sclerosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyasthenia gravis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune hepatitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune hemolytic anemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45 (0.09 \u0026ndash; 2.17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.499\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImmunological thrombocytopenic prupura\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiermers\u0026rsquo;disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (5.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.82 (1.56 \u0026ndash; 29.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Autoimmune polyendocrinpathies\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e: \u0026nbsp;Graves\u0026rsquo;disease + Addison\u0026rsquo;s diseases (2 cases)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"756\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 718px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDistribution of patients according to diseases the sex and the autoinflammatory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 227px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale-to-female ratio\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n= 101\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemale, n= 206\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonogenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolygenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 (18.02)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 (9.71)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.04 (4.52 \u0026ndash; 3.99)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.033\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 (4.50)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 (1.46)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.66\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.19 (0.75 \u0026ndash; 13.61)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.134\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic non autoimmune vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.67 (1.12 \u0026ndash; 83.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorton\u0026rsquo;s disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeriartritis nodosa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVascularitis of undetermined origin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eO.650\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurger angitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther systemic non autoimmune vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 172px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurger angitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 172px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eleukocytoclassical vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic sarcoidosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStill\u0026rsquo;s disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrgan-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 (13.31)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 (8.25)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.88\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.74 (0.83 \u0026ndash; 3.63)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.138\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eChronic inflammatory rheumatism\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e11 (9.91)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e11 (5.34)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.95 (0.82 \u0026ndash; 4.65)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.127\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePseudo rheumatoid arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMicrocrystalline arthropathies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92 (0.70 \u0026ndash; 5.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGout\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92 (0.70 \u0026ndash; 5.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChondrocalcinosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpondylarthropathies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.76 (0.34 \u0026ndash; 41.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReactive arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePsoriatic rheumatism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkiylosing spondylitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers chronic inflammatory diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.543\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuvenile idiopathic arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJaccoub\u0026rsquo;s arthropathy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eChronic inflammatory bowel disease\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e4 (3.60)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e6 (2.91)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.67\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.25 (0.34 \u0026ndash; 4.51)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrohn\u0026rsquo;s diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.85 (0.12 \u0026ndash; 30.08)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUlcerative colitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.43)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.12 (0.26 \u0026ndash; 4.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"756\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 718px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDistribution of patients according to the residency and the autoimmune diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 227px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResidency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrban, n= 214\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRural, n= 103\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSystemic autoimmune diseases\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e44 (20.56)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e26 (25.24)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.77 (0.44 \u0026ndash; 1.33)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.347\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic lupus erythematosus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (13.08)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (14.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88 (0.44 \u0026ndash; 1.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.719\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic scleroderma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16 (0.02 \u0026ndash; 1.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDermato-polymyositis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRheumatoid arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (5.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.36 \u0026ndash; 3.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.913\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSharp syndrome/mixte connectivitis tissue diseases\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.44 (0.28 \u0026ndash; 21.16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.366\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 251px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic auto-immune vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrgan-specific autoimmune diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e153 (71.50)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e68 (66.02)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.29 (0.78 \u0026ndash; 2.14)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.320\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Type 1 diabete\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101 (47.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (38.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41 (0.87 \u0026ndash; 2.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune polyendocrinpathies\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48 (0.03 \u0026ndash; 7.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDe Quervain\u0026rsquo;s thyroiditis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraves\u0026rsquo;disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (16.36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (12.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35 (0.75 \u0026ndash; 2.69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGuillain Barre syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21 (0.23 \u0026ndash; 6.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple sclerosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyasthenia gravis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24 (0.02 \u0026ndash; 2.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune hepatitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune hemolytic anemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (5.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31 (0.08 \u0026ndash; 112)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImmunological thrombocytopenic prupura\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiermers\u0026rsquo;disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80 (0.19 \u0026ndash; 3.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.718\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSharp syndrome/mixte connective tissue diseases\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e: Systemic Lupus erythematosus + Rheumatoid arthritis (1 case); Systemic Lupus erythematosus + Rheumatoid arthritis + Dermato-polymyositis (DPM) + systemic scleroderma (1case); Systemic Lupus erythematosus + systemic scleroderma (4case)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutoimmune polyendocrinpathies\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e: \u0026nbsp;Graves\u0026rsquo;disease + Addison\u0026rsquo;s diseases (2 cases)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"756\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 756px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDistribution of patients according to the residency and the autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResidency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrban, n= 214\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRural, n= 103\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonogenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolygenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25 (11.68)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 (14.56)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.78 (0.39 \u0026ndash; 1.54)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.469\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystemic polygenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47 (0.12 \u0026ndash; 1.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic non autoimmune vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47 (0.09 \u0026ndash; 2.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorton\u0026rsquo;s disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.93)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeriartritis nodosa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVascularitis of undetermined origin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther systemic non autoimmune vascularitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48 (0.03 \u0026ndash; 7.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBurger angitis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLeucytoclassic vascularitis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystemic sarcoidosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStill\u0026rsquo;s disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrgan-specific polygenic autoinflammatory diseases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 (9.81)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 (10.68)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.91 (0.42 \u0026ndash; 1.97)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.810\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eChronic inflammatory rheumatism\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e16 (7.48)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e6 (5.83)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.31 (0.50 \u0026ndash; 3.44)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.588\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePseudo rheumatoid arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMicrocrystalline arthropathies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (5.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.36 \u0026ndash; 3.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.913\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGout\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (5.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.36 \u0026ndash; 3.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.913\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChondrocalcinosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpondylarthropathies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.93)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96 (0.86 \u0026ndash;10.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReactive arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.694\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePsoriatic rheumatism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkiylosing spondylitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers chronic inflammatory diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.93)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuvenile idiopathic arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJaccoub\u0026rsquo;s arthropathy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eChronic inflammatory bowel disease\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e5 (2.34)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e5 (4.85)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.47 (0.13 \u0026ndash; 1.66)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.391\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrohn\u0026rsquo;s diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48 (0.03 \u0026ndash; 7.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUlcerative colitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47 (0.12 \u0026shy;\u0026shy;- 1.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University Hospital Center of the Point G, Bamako, Mali","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gender, sex, urban-rural, age, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7991120/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7991120/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eThere are no studies that explored globally and exhaustively the relationship between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e To determine globally and exhaustively the age, urban- rural, gender and sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign: \u003c/strong\u003e15-year cross-sectional study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSetting:\u003c/strong\u003e A hospital based study (Department of internal medicine at the University Hospital Center of the Point G)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticipants: \u003c/strong\u003e317 patients presented autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasurements:\u003c/strong\u003e Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square and Fisher´s exact tests to assess the statistical significance and strength of the associations between the categorical independent variables and the outcome variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eThe age group of 20 – 39 years was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases (p= 0.000) while the age group of 60 – 79 years was significantly associated with autoinflammatory diseases (p= 0.000).\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eThe systemic autoimmune diseases were more frequently diagnosed in females than in males (p=0.000). The females were 2.45 times more likely than the males to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (p=0.001). The males were 2.04 times more likely than the females to develop polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (p= 0.033). The systemic autoimmune diseases were more prevalent in patients living in urban areas (44 cases) than in patients living in rural (26 cases), (p= 0.347). The patients living in urban were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the organ-specific autoimmune diseases (p= 0.320). The patients living in urban areas were more likely than the patients living in rural areas to have the polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (p= 0.469).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitation:\u003c/strong\u003e Single-center study, which may hamper generalizability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026nbsp;Our study demonstrates the existence of several relevant positive associations between the age group, urban-rural, gender and sex and the autoimmune diseases’ nosological entity, autoimmune diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological entity, autoinflammatory diseases’ nosological sub-entities, each of the autoinflammatory diseases.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Age, Urban-Rural, Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-04 12:15:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7991120/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"64a37cb1-b0ba-46cb-a78d-8c6d68f3e7aa","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":57174897,"name":"Rheumatology"},{"id":57174898,"name":"Internal Medicine"},{"id":57174899,"name":"Neurology"},{"id":57174900,"name":"Dermatology"},{"id":57174901,"name":"Hematology"},{"id":57174902,"name":"Gastroenterology \u0026 Hepatology"},{"id":57174903,"name":"Urology \u0026 Nephrology"},{"id":57174904,"name":"Ophthalmology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-04T12:15:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-04 12:15:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7991120","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7991120","identity":"rs-7991120","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}