Effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation traits and replacement rate and its components in crossbred cattle

Effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation traits and replacement rate and its components in crossbred cattle | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation traits and replacement rate and its components in crossbred cattle Vijay Amrit Raj Panwar, Rabendra Kumar Sharma, Jawahar Lal Singh, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-598143/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The present study was undertaken on 2,204 calvings of 390 crossbred cattle produced by 54 sires over a period of 36 years. The FLTs showed that the notion due to sires were significant for AFC, FLMY-305, FLMY, FLL and FSP. The effects due to the period of calving were found significant for FLL and FSP. The effect due to the season of calving was found significant on FLMY-305. The effect due to the AFC was found highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for FLMY. The period notion on replacement rate and its parts viz., mortality, culling and replacement rate was found to be significant. The season of birth had significant effects on abnormal birth and replacement rate. About half (45.18percent) of total female calves were threw off from the herd till they achieve AFC due to mortality and culling. Only 25.27 percent of the total pregnancies got into replacement heifers. It may be concluded that the performance of the crossbred herd understudy is comparable to other herds maintained elsewhere. Low to moderate heritability estimates obtained indicated the presence of adequate genetic variation within the herd and hence improvement in traits under study is possible by genetic selection along with managemental interventions. Biological sciences/Genetics/Animal breeding Biological sciences/Genetics/Agricultural genetics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-598143","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":631266012,"identity":"f3030837-cbeb-4838-b4a3-bcce85070d74","order_by":0,"name":"Vijay Amrit Raj Panwar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"1Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUA\u0026T), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vijay","middleName":"Amrit Raj","lastName":"Panwar","suffix":""},{"id":631266013,"identity":"5fb2baf6-d108-4a8a-9361-de60ebbb4d84","order_by":1,"name":"Rabendra Kumar Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"1Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUA\u0026T), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rabendra","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":631266014,"identity":"8ba82f15-66fa-4247-8c7a-6d2b79ed0ff9","order_by":2,"name":"Jawahar Lal Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"2Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUA\u0026T), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jawahar","middleName":"Lal","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":631266015,"identity":"96ab27f1-50d6-44f5-a539-12f25b6e13ab","order_by":3,"name":"Sunil Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"3Department of Veterinary Gynaecology \u0026 Obstetrics, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUA\u0026T), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sunil","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":631266016,"identity":"ad293028-2a0c-4800-ab29-59029efe06b9","order_by":4,"name":"Manish K. Singh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDElEQVRIie3PMWvCQBTA8RcCZuipW0lQyFd44lKwmK9yksGpoFvADhcC2foBpF+iELB0u3Lg0tBddEiXzrrdIOJdaIdCTDoWen9uOu7HewdgMv3FONgAqI8VFwA2cRIOQGe/InaCmpA1VQSbCGjipK4iUBKoIZ3tWziQs934Gax0EUWjPmldTfYFgt+95pXEe7/LQoKf4Quz0k2eTwlptTNXLTZYPtJKgnk7E4AiRK5InAoS+A9PmlDcXiav8ovM45Mop8gmQgmKsSZWzEqyqp3iKTJUhCqSeGxd/mV1Q9G9+JeOIp48igC583Fg96NAL7aR0a3f7VWT7ybML35cuLXPdUHjC5PJZPq/nQHkjF6im0VrogAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"4Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manish","middleName":"K.","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-06-06 20:29:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-598143/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-598143/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108182415,"identity":"0b6df5d4-e9d6-4b8f-9e60-933ffef86736","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:59:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":353835,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-598143/v1_covered_506da412-696b-4414-925d-94991139c370.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation traits and replacement rate and its components in crossbred cattle","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-598143/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-598143/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The present study was undertaken on 2,204 calvings of 390 crossbred cattle produced by 54 sires over a period of 36 years. The FLTs showed that the notion due to sires were significant for AFC, FLMY-305, FLMY, FLL and FSP. The effects due to the period of calving were found significant for FLL and FSP. The effect due to the season of calving was found significant on FLMY-305. The effect due to the AFC was found highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for FLMY. The period notion on replacement rate and its parts viz., mortality, culling and replacement rate was found to be significant. The season of birth had significant effects on abnormal birth and replacement rate. About half (45.18percent) of total female calves were threw off from the herd till they achieve AFC due to mortality and culling. Only 25.27 percent of the total pregnancies got into replacement heifers. It may be concluded that the performance of the crossbred herd understudy is comparable to other herds maintained elsewhere. Low to moderate heritability estimates obtained indicated the presence of adequate genetic variation within the herd and hence improvement in traits under study is possible by genetic selection along with managemental interventions.","manuscriptTitle":"Effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation traits and replacement rate and its components in crossbred cattle","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-29 11:20:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-598143/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ffcc7aec-63f6-4028-8a1f-ec427e68cbc9","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":67189740,"name":"Biological sciences/Genetics/Animal breeding"},{"id":67189741,"name":"Biological sciences/Genetics/Agricultural genetics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T11:20:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-29 11:20:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-598143","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-598143","identity":"rs-598143","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}