Using PALM-COEIN FIGO Classification for Categorization of Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

F. Acharya, B. S. Patel, Akshay C. Shah, Shashwat K. Jani
In: Global Journal of Medical Research · 2021 · pp. 3–5 · doi:10.34257/gjmrevol21is1pg3 · W3143836458
article OA: diamond CC0
🔓 Open OA copy Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-11 ⓘ

This retrospective study categorized 150 abnormal uterine bleeding patients using the FIGO PALM-COEIN classification system based on their medical history, examination, investigations, and histopathology.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-11 · read from full text ⓘ

This retrospective study analyzed 150 reproductive-age patients with abnormal uterine bleeding to categorize them using the FIGO PALM-COEIN classification system, based on detailed history, examination, investigations, and histopathological reports. Patients were grouped into the PALM-COEIN categories (including structural causes such as polyp, adenomyosis, and leiomyoma, and non-structural causes such as coagulopathy and ovulatory dysfunction). The key output was the assignment of abnormal uterine bleeding cases to specific PALM-COEIN categories using available diagnostic and pathology information. The paper’s main limitation is that it is retrospective, with categorization dependent on the investigations and histopathological reports available for each participant. This paper is centrally about adenomyosis insofar as it uses the PALM-COEIN system where adenomyosis is one of the structural categories for abnormal uterine bleeding classification.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems of the women of reproductive age group leading to increased number of hospital visits. For describing and categorizing the common problem of abnormal uterine bleeding in these women, an alternative classification system polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not yet classified, known by the acronym PALM-COEIN was developed by FIGO. Methods: This is a retrospective study on 150 patients of abnormal uterine bleeding to categorize them on the basis of PALM-COEIN classification. Patient were grouped under these categories after detailed history, examination, investigations and histopathological reports.
Full text 1,597 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · 3 sections · click to expand

Keywords

abnormal uterine bleeding, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, ovulatory dysfunction, PALMCOEIN, Polyp

Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems of the women of reproductive age group leading to increased number of hospital visits. For describing and categorizing the common problem of abnormal uterine bleeding in these women, an alternative classification system polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not yet classified, known by the acronym PALM-COEIN was developed by FIGO. Methods: This is a retrospective study on 150 patients of abnormal uterine bleeding to categorize them on the basis of PALM-COEIN classification. Patient were grouped under these categories after detailed history, examination, investigations and histopathological reports. Downloads - Article PDF - TEI XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI) - Lens* NISO JATS XML (Beta by AI) - HTML Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) - DBK XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI) - LaTeX pdf Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) - EPUB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) - MD Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) - FO Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) - BIB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) - LaTeX Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI) How to Cite

References

Published 2021-01-15 Issue Section License Copyright (c) 2021 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

adenomyosis

Citation neighborhood (sparse)

Too few in-corpus citations on either side for a chart; here are the lists.

Cites (1)

References (6)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK