Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world

Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62" }, "headline": "Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world", "datePublished": "2025-01-10T11:37:13", "dateModified": "2025-01-10T11:37:13", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Fahad M Alswaidi" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Abdullah A Abualssayl" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": "Ayurveda is one of the oldest holistic healthcare approaches in the world, underpinning the interdependency of mind, body, and spirit in encouraging harmony and preventing disease. The safety and effectiveness of Ayurveda were explored systematically through this review in various global contexts, including its historical development, current practice, and epidemiological trends. This study assesses the integration of Ayurveda into healthcare systems by analyzing experiences in India, the United States, Europe, and the Middle East and its potential to contribute to global health challenges. As Ayurveda’s originator, India has established a robust regulatory framework, extensive clinical research, and government policy support for its integration into mainstream medicine. Evidence supports the efficacy of Ayurvedic therapies, such as Panchakarma and herbal formulations, for treating chronic diseases with minimal side effects. Ayurveda has entered the fold of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States and Germany. Ayurveda treatments have been shown to be effective in various conditions, such as diabetes and arthritis, although regulatory inconsistencies and quality assurance remain significant barriers. There is a cultural affinity towards traditional medicine in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, leading to a growing adoption supported by collaborative initiatives and research. Despite the globally relevant Ayurveda, the non-uniform nature of regulatory standards, lack of large-scale clinical trials, and standardization of formulations form barriers to its more general acceptance. Recommendations for the future include fostering interdisciplinary research, harmonizing regulation, and leveraging digital health in furthering personalized medicine. This study underscores Ayurveda’s transformative potential in global healthcare, advocating sustainable, patient-centered solutions to address chronic and emerging health issues." } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62", "name": "Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world" } } ] } Home Browse Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A. Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160406.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] Fahad M Alswaidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-9090 1 , Abdullah A Abualssayl https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8168-8920 1 Fahad M Alswaidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-9090 1 , Abdullah A Abualssayl https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8168-8920 1 PUBLISHED 10 Jan 2025 Author details Author details 1 National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, MOH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Fahad M Alswaidi Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Abdullah A Abualssayl Roles: Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Ayurveda is one of the oldest holistic healthcare approaches in the world, underpinning the interdependency of mind, body, and spirit in encouraging harmony and preventing disease. The safety and effectiveness of Ayurveda were explored systematically through this review in various global contexts, including its historical development, current practice, and epidemiological trends. This study assesses the integration of Ayurveda into healthcare systems by analyzing experiences in India, the United States, Europe, and the Middle East and its potential to contribute to global health challenges. As Ayurveda’s originator, India has established a robust regulatory framework, extensive clinical research, and government policy support for its integration into mainstream medicine. Evidence supports the efficacy of Ayurvedic therapies, such as Panchakarma and herbal formulations, for treating chronic diseases with minimal side effects. Ayurveda has entered the fold of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States and Germany. Ayurveda treatments have been shown to be effective in various conditions, such as diabetes and arthritis, although regulatory inconsistencies and quality assurance remain significant barriers. There is a cultural affinity towards traditional medicine in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, leading to a growing adoption supported by collaborative initiatives and research. Despite the globally relevant Ayurveda, the non-uniform nature of regulatory standards, lack of large-scale clinical trials, and standardization of formulations form barriers to its more general acceptance. Recommendations for the future include fostering interdisciplinary research, harmonizing regulation, and leveraging digital health in furthering personalized medicine. This study underscores Ayurveda’s transformative potential in global healthcare, advocating sustainable, patient-centered solutions to address chronic and emerging health issues. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Ayurveda safety, Ayurveda effectiveness, Ayurveda acceptance in global healthcare Corresponding Author(s) Fahad M Alswaidi ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Fahad M Alswaidi Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A. Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160406.1 ) First published: 10 Jan 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160406.1 ) Latest published: 10 Jan 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160406.1 ) 1. Introduction 1.1 What is Ayurveda? Ayurveda, generally understood as “the science of life,” connotes an ancient holistic body care system developed from ancient Indian traditions. It denotes the interrelationship between mind, body, and soul. It covers the philosophy of preventing the incidence of diseases by attempting to maintain harmony in all spheres rather than seeking mere symptomatic treatment ( Junaid et al., 2017 ). The concept of Ayurveda is essentially based on the theory of Prakriti, or individual constitution, and it regulates all the physiological and psychological aspects of human health. The three basic doshas are vata, or air and space; pitta, constituted of fire and water elements; and kapha, with water and earth elements. These energies in the human body are needed to keep their functions running well. Imbalances in these doses are believed to be the root cause of this disease ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ). The treatments in Ayurveda have been highly individualized in nature, considering that the structure of Prakriti is unique to every individual. The general approach to the healing process includes therapies involving Panchakarma, a detoxifying regimen aimed at cleaning the body through five primary actions: emesis, purgation, and enema ( Debnath et al., 2017 ). Other components of Ayurvedic practice include herbal medicine, dietary adjustments, yoga, meditation, and lifestyle modifications to restore balance and generally improve the well-being of an individual’s life ( Sharma & Kumar, 2023 ). The philosophical underpinning of Ayurveda surpasses physical health; it places great emphasis on structuring human life in time with nature’s rhythms. This is believed to promote longevity and spiritual growth, thus distinguishing Ayurveda from symptom-centric modern biomedicine ( Balkrishna et al., 2024 ). Ayurveda treats the illness’s root cause, making the health solution sustainable and non-recurring. 1.2 History of Ayurveda Ayurveda has a history of over 5000 years, and its inception is chronicled in various sets of ancient Indian literature, including Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. These fundamental scriptures outline principles related to anatomy, pathology, and therapeutics, furthering their advanced medical understanding at that time ( Hardiman, 2009 ). While the Charaka Samhita was mainly confined to internal medicine, the Sushruta Samhita is famous for its surgery-related information, with detailed descriptions of various operations, such as rhinoplasty, which were performed with great precision ( Banerjee et al., 2019 ). Ayurveda was patronized by Indian rulers in the early centuries and passed through interactions with Buddhist and Persian medical traditions. The medieval period expanded knowledge by including alchemical practices added to Ayurveda’s pharmacological repertoire ( Minhas, 2020 ). Thus, with the advent of colonial rule in India, Ayurveda fell into relative insignificance, as allopathy was imposed as the dominant system of medicine under British rule ( Currie, 2005 ). Hence, due to the Indian independence movement and the urge for cultural identity, interest in Ayurveda reawakened in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It owes much to pioneers such as Mahatma Gandhi and Swami Vivekananda for its revitalization in modern times. Standardization regarding Ayurvedic education and practice post-independence led India to develop a regulatory framework to introduce this into mainstream healthcare ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ). From a global perspective, Ayurveda has gained recognition as a complementary and alternative medical system. The WHO, among other bodies of the world, is already at the forefront of its implementation. The United States, Germany, and Australia, among others, have considered Ayurvedic science as part of their wellness and healthcare industries, reflecting its universal appeal ( Patwardhan, 2005 ). Krishna et al. (2020) attest that this historical trajectory indicates how adaptable Ayurveda is, making it relevant to today’s health challenges. 1.3 Epidemiology of Ayurveda In the last few decades, the use of Ayurveda has increased remarkably globally owing to the growing need for natural health remedies and holistic views of healthcare. Ayurveda retains a firm hold in modern India as the mainstream institution, backed by an adequately established framework known as the Ministry of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. The Ministry is heavily promoting research and development programs since it feels that the ancient branch of science would play an important role in solving modern lifestyle disorders in modern days ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ). In the United States, Ayurveda is increasingly being used in various complementary and alternative medicine practices. Recent systematic reviews have reported the beneficial effects of Ayurvedic therapies in managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and arthritis, pointing out their safety and efficacy from systematic reviews ( Katara and Sawarkar, 2022 ). Other regulatory bodies, such as the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, have also encouraged research on Ayurvedic interventions, thereby widening their acceptance in Western healthcare systems ( Banerjee et al., 2019 ). Europe is diverse; countries such as Germany and Switzerland hold Ayurveda in extremely high regard and are far more accepting of it as an alternative to their method of healthcare. Countries such as Germany and France allow for various training schools in Ayurveda that house clinics for treatments such as herbal remedies and different forms of Panchakarma therapies. However, owing to the absence of a uniform regulation policy, progress across land remains entirely restricted ( Krishna et al., 2020 ). Ayurveda has been increasingly appreciated in the Middle East, especially in Arabic Gulf countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Oman. Cultural receptiveness towards traditional and herbal medicines facilitated the passage of Ayurvedic practice, but regulatory hurdles were the main obstacles to this method. This inspired the Saudi National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) concerning Ayurvedic Medicine, for which one or more steps have been put forward with the view to promote safe and qualitative use ( Qureshi et al., 2020 ). Indeed, there is emerging evidence for the global relevance of Ayurveda, supported by various studies indicating that this traditional knowledge helps manage many chronic diseases and improves the quality of life ( Leonti & Casu, 2013 ). However, the disparities in research and regulation indicate the need for a harmonized effort towards the safe and effective integration of Ayurveda into mainstream healthcare systems. 2. Methods 2.1 Type of research This study aimed to determine whether Ayurveda is safe and effective in modern health systems worldwide. A literature review approach was adopted to systematically review the existing body of literature on the effectiveness and safety of Ayurveda in contemporary healthcare systems worldwide, thereby allowing evidence synthesis from a diverse range of geographical and cultural contexts. This review article discusses the scientific basis of Ayurveda, particularly in relation to its efficacy in treating chronic diseases, its role in preventive care, and potential safety concerns associated with herbal medicines and detoxification therapies, based on an analysis of peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The literature review focused on high-quality studies published in reputed journals, ensuring the credibility and relevance of the findings to the research objectives. In addition, regulatory frameworks, clinical guidelines, and reports from healthcare institutions were reviewed to understand the integration of Ayurveda in different parts of the world. 2.2 Keywords and search strategy A detailed search strategy for identifying relevant studies was developed with carefully identified keywords and phrases related to Ayurveda, safety, and effectiveness. The specific searches were refined by the Boolean operators “AND,” “OR,” and “NOT,” which were used as required to limit the volume of literature to only those most relevant. The key phrases used included the following. • “Ayurveda safety” • “Ayurveda effectiveness” • “Herbal medicine safety” • “Traditional medicine practices” • “Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)” • “Panchakarma efficacy” • “Doshas and disease management” • “Ayurveda for chronic disease management. • “Regulation of Ayurvedic medicines” • “Ayurveda acceptance in global healthcare” An iterative search was performed by adapting the best keyword combinations to reflect the most comprehensive set of relevant articles. Advanced filters were applied, such as specifying publication date, language, and access to full-text articles, to ensure precision in the articles’ relevance. 2.3 Period of search Literature published between 1999 and 2024 was considered to capture current progress and standpoints on Ayurveda, including the most updated evidence and views. Only studies older than this were excluded, except if they were considered fundamental to the research objectives historically or conceptually. 2.4 Types of references This study prioritized full-text and peer-reviewed journal articles to maintain academic rigor and reliability. Including relevant abstracts was allowed when full texts were not available, provided the abstracts contained essential insights into the safety or effectiveness of Ayurveda. In addition to peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case studies will be included in this literature review to provide broad coverage of the topic. A literature review from globally renowned health institutions, such as the WHO and guidelines from the Ministry of AYUSH, was also conducted to present the findings in a global and national policy context. 2.5 Databases searched The search was conducted across high-quality academic databases to ensure its completion. The databases included: • PubMed: Allows access to biomedical literature and clinical studies related to Ayurveda. • Scopus: Interdisciplinary research articles and reviews focusing on healthcare, pharmacology, and traditional medicine. • Web of Science: To identify high-impact studies and meta-analyses of complementary and alternative medicine. • Cochrane Library: To check whether there are systematic reviews regarding safety and effectiveness of some Ayurvedic interventions. These databases were selected because they are considered among the most reputable services of academic and clinical investigation; by searching these databases, relevant peer-reviewed materials will indeed be found. Additional searches were also conducted using Google Scholar, Grey Literature, conference proceedings, and institutional reports. 3. Common Countries’ Experiences in Ayurveda Practice 3.1 India: The Home of Ayurveda Although many diseases are prevalent in India, the birthplace, and home to the global hub, a large part of science deals with cultural and spiritual aspects and healthcare is traditional. Ayurvedic practices are one of the nation’s primary healthcare mechanisms under the AYUSH government ministerial department ( Katoch et al., 2017 ). It plays a vital role in acute and persistent diseases and is combined with modern medicines throughout many healthcare facilities to enable a complementary approach towards disorders, disease prevention, and the implementation of therapeutic interventions ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ). Government initiatives have given Ayurveda much recognition. Programs like the National AYUSH Mission aim to integrate it into primary health care, while research councils and academic institutions, such as the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, advance the scientific validation of its practices ( Jain & Sharma, 2014 ). Interventions from Ayurveda, such as Panchakarma and herbal therapies, have been widely studied for their safety and efficacy. According to a study conducted by Ahlawat and Ohlan in 2024 , Panchakarma may help detoxify the body and reduce symptoms associated with chronic diseases such as arthritis and metabolic disorders. The regulatory framework in India has been strong enough to ensure the quality and safety of Ayurvedic medicines. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act has enforced strict standards in the manufacturing process of Ayurvedic products, so that there is no chance of contamination, adulteration, or even heavy metal toxicity ( Patwardhan et al., 2017 ). This system dispelled many myths about Ayurvedic safety and helped instill world trust in its practices. However, despite this strong foothold, Ayurveda in India still faces challenges on the road to better scientific validation through large-scale clinical trials and improved accessibility in rural areas. Simultaneously, its holistic philosophy, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability make it a vital component of India’s healthcare ecosystem and an increasingly popular choice for global health-seekers. 3.2 United States Ayurveda has gained recognition in the United States as an important component of CAM. Its popularity has gained momentum over the last 30 years, driven by increased public interest in holistic and naturalist health practices. Practices associated with Ayurveda, including yoga, meditation, and herbal treatments, have become mainstream in managing stress, improving mental health, and addressing chronic conditions ( Sharma, et al., 2023 ). As mentioned in the paper, the system faces specific regulatory challenges in allowing full integration into mainstream US healthcare provision. According to the Food and Drug Administration, Ayurveda products are regarded as dietary supplements, not drugs; therefore, they are not subjected to strict pre-market evaluations for possible safety, efficiency, and quality before entering the market, as any pharmaceutical drug is ( Madhavan, 2017 ). The latter presents both positive and negative views: the regulatory framework promotes greater accessibility but raises red flags on product quality and consistency. On the other side, Ayurveda is commanding increasing credibility through scientific research studies. Researchers in the US have shown that Ayurvedic therapies hold promise for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic pain. A study on herbal formulations, including Ashwagandha and Turmeric, found anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic properties helpful as safer alternative medications to established ones, thus constituting research outcomes (Tiwari, et al., 2018). Organizations such as the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health support the practice of Ayurveda by funding different research and education programs to investigate the possible benefits of Ayurveda. With its integration into the US healthcare system still in its infancy, the increasing demand for natural and holistic therapies presents the next best avenue for expansion. Normalizing Ayurveda practices and developing regulatory frameworks may also nurture growth. 3.3 European Countries In Europe, the acceptance and integration of Ayurveda vary significantly from country to country. Germany and Switzerland have promoted Ayurveda by integrating the practice into wellness centers, spas, and clinical settings. To date, these countries have gone so far as established training programs for health professionals in Ayurveda to ensure competency and quality in the therapies delivered ( Krishna et al., 2020 ). Scientific validation of Ayurveda in Europe primarily focuses on its safety and efficacy. For example, studies conducted in Germany have highlighted the potential of Ayurvedic herbal medicines to manage diseases related to rheumatoid arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome ( Joos et al., 2006 ). Various Panchakarma therapies have also maintained their popularity as detoxifying and rejuvenating therapies for people who avoid invasive treatment. Despite these developments, Ayurveda has not been fully integrated into the European national healthcare systems for some reason. Some regulatory barriers include strict herbal product registration requirements and different health policies that discourage the wide adoption of therapy ( Hossain et al., 2022 ). Several setbacks have been surmounted through public awareness and education on therapy, coupled with a growing interest in alternative therapies for chronic and lifestyle diseases. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Ayurveda is considered mainly in private circles or settings, wellness tourism, or health-related services, which are considered niches. Although few studies have been conducted in the UK, evidence of its role in quality of life and stress disorders has been established by Sharma and Kumar (2023) . The flourishing scenario in Europe speaks much to the fact that Ayurveda addresses potential healthcare gaps as long as regulatory hurdles and changing public perceptions improve. 3.4 Middle Eastern Countries Ayurveda has started gaining pace in the Middle East, especially in countries such as the UAE and Oman. Traditional and herbal medicines represent cultural importance in the region, constituting a good atmosphere for Ayurveda’s introduction and growth ( Mukherjee and Wahile, 2006 ). NCCAM in Saudi Arabia has given much concederation to Ayurveda since its potential has been found helpful in curing the growing number of cases of chronic and lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Several factors have curtailed the adoption of Ayurveda in the Middle East. First, the regulatory frameworks governing the practice of traditional medicine remain nascent, and, as such, product quality and safety vary widely. The limited number of trained Ayurvedic practitioners further restricts accessibility. According to Madhavan (2017) , collaboration with Indian institutions has resulted in training programs for local practitioners, thereby attempting to bridge the gap in skills. Various studies conducted in this region have indicated the potential of Ayurveda to improve metabolic health, reduce stress, and improve general well-being. For example, there is a high demand for herbal formulations such as Triphala and Neem in Saudi Arabia owing to their anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties. Many wellness centers in the UAE have added Panchakarma therapies to attract health tourists ( Qureshi et al., 2020 ). 3.5 Other Countries The adoption of Ayurveda is increasing beyond the traditional markets of Australia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. In Australia, it is considered a complementary therapy, and an increasing number of practitioners offer Ayurvedic consultation, herbal medication, and pachakarma therapy. Regulatory bodies ensure that Ayurveda practices meet the strict safety and quality standards required; hence, people trust their efficiency ( Krishna et al., 2020 ). Ayurveda has attained deep roots in the health structure in Southeast Asia, especially in Sri Lanka and Nepal. Ayurvedic treatment in Sri Lanka takes on a national character with some modifications to the traditional Indian system by including indigenous herbs. Ayurvedic treatment is relatively inexpensive, and in addition to local patients, many foreigners flock to Sri Lankan Ayurvedic hospitals and clinics ( Kathmandu, 2011 ). Local research in the region shows that several successes have been achieved in tropical disease management, improvement of maternal health, and general wellness through Ayurveda. In African countries, Ayurveda is less established, but is gaining its foothold through wellness tourism and with the help of practitioners from India. Herbal formulations are popular because of their relatively low cost and accessibility in resource-poor settings. 3.6 Comparative analysis for safety and effectiveness of Ayurveda The focus and adoption of research related to Ayurveda varies greatly from region to region. Common focus areas for Ayurveda research were chronic diseases (35%), herbal safety (25%), Panchakarma (20%), regulations (10%), and wellness (10%). According to the data in Table 1 , India is at the frontline in carrying out research related to the safety of practices and Ayurvedic formulation because of its clear regulatory framework coupled with the government-supported programs offered by the Ministry of AYUSH. The nations with high output include the United States and Germany; therefore, most of their studies in Ayurveda relate to either dietary supplements or studies on the efficacy of plants. Countries such as Saudi Arabia and Australia have much more minimal output, which corresponds to their adoption of practices related to herbal medicines rather than Ayurveda ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ; Banerjee et al., 2019 ; Qureshi et al., 2020 ). Table 1. Number of studies on safety by country (Ranked). Country Number of studies Focus areas India 120+ Herbal safety, Panchakarma detoxification United States 50+ Dietary supplements, chronic diseases Germany 35+ Herbal efficacy, inflammation management Saudi Arabia 20+ Traditional healing, safety regulations (non-Ayurvedic herbal therapy) Australia 15+ Complementary therapy, wellness practices Regarding the effectiveness of Ayurveda interventions ( Table 2 ), India again gained the highest score for evidence showing a wide variety regarding the research of chronic ailments and herbal treatments. Of these countries, the US and Germany ranked high, concentrating their studies on chronic diseases and/or prevention. Sri Lanka’s and Australia’s fields reflect the regional context, which is that of a state prone to tropical diseases and stress management ( Katara & Sawarkar 2022 ; Krishna et al., 2020 ; Madhavan, 2017 ). Table 2. Number of studies on effectiveness by country (Ranked). Country Number of studies Focus areas India 150+ Chronic diseases, herbal therapies United States 60+ CAM integration, diabetes management Germany 40+ Preventive care, metabolic health Sri Lanka 25+ Indigenous Ayurveda, tropical diseases Australia 20+ Stress management, Panchakarma therapy 4. Discussion 4.1 Interpretation of findings The results of this review emphasize the global relevance and growing use of Ayurveda in the healthcare system. The emerging trends in safety and effectiveness data show that Ayurveda plays a dual role in managing chronic diseases and promoting preventive health. Research from high-output countries, such as India, the United States, and Germany, presents substantial progress regarding efficacy and safety validation through Ayurvedic interventions. 4.1.1 Safety and effectiveness across regions Owing to Ayurveda’s good and deep integration into India’s health system, large-scale clinical trials and observational studies have become practical in the country. The evidence is immense for the safety of traditional practices such as Panchakarma and herbal formulations, such as Triphala and Ashwagandha, which display minimal adverse effects if administered under professional auspices ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ). Similarly, quality assurance and safety are considerably developed with relevant Indian regulatory frameworks, especially when it involves certification through API, that is, the Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India. The acceptance of Ayurveda in complementary and alternative medicine in the US indicates its practical application. There are many regulatory challenges faced by these systems; however, evidence from systematic reviews confirms the effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions against type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and stress-related disorders ( Schiele et al., 2024 ). However, safety issues remain among the herbal supplement quality problems, contamination incidents, and labelling inconsistencies ( Madhavan, 2017 ). In Europe, which has a very uneven terrain, attempts to incorporate any level of Ayurvedic science into mainstream healthcare emanates from Germany and Switzerland with varying intensities. Researchers underpin such developments by demonstrating its effectiveness in conditions such as inflammation and metabolic disorders ( Van der Valk, 2017 ). Usually in Europe, a somewhat strict regulatory framework often marked by the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD) severely limits Ayurvedic Product Availability, and hence its scope, accessibility, and utility. 4.1.2 Comparative insights Countries with strong research frameworks, such as India and Germany, have been more successful in establishing credibility for Ayurveda. This is because academic institutions, regulatory bodies, and practitioners collaborate to systematically study safety and efficacy in these regions. With limited research and regulations, such as in the Middle East and parts of Africa, ensuring that Ayurvedic principles are consistently applied becomes challenging. 4.2 Challenges and limitations 4.2.1 Lack of uniform regulatory frameworks The most important obstacle to the globalization of Ayurveda lies in the lack of uniform regulatory standards. While India, for example, has stringent guidelines under the AYUSH Ministry, none of these countries have adopted similar frameworks. The result is variability in quality, safety, and accessibility of Ayurvedic products and practices. For instance, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) has made it possible to sell Ayurvedic supplements in the USA as dietary supplements, and thus is not required to meet the strict clinical trial requirements of pharmaceuticals, which, from a consumer safety perspective, is a grey area ( Banerjee et al., 2019 ). The European Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD) has stringent requirements for the registration and use of herbal medicines in Europe, often acting as a barrier to Ayurvedic products when any historical documentation does not support these or meets traditional preparation standards. Such inconsistency in regulation inhibits the assimilation of Ayurveda into mainstream healthcare systems and its full potential to contribute towards solving chronic health conditions worldwide ( Madhavan, 2017 ). 4.2.2 Need for rigorous clinical trials and standardisation In addition to this immense popularity, Ayurvedic practices have constantly been rebuked owing to their limited evidence with good quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Many such studies on Ayurveda interventions suffer from merely observational data and a minimal respondent base, rendering the findings challenging to generalize. Only a few RCT studies in Ayurveda medicine have been published because they can be funded only at comparatively lower rates; in most instances, the methodology is too large to be adjusted to the present scientific mode of research assessment ( Chattopadhyay et al., 2022 ). The second pressing issue is standardization. Most Ayurvedic preparations are complex formulations involving more than one herb, and it is difficult to isolate the active principles from such a formulation and study their pharmacodynamics. Different methods of preparation, dosages, and raw material sourcing are additional problems in standardization. The latter raises serious questions regarding consistency and reliability ( Patwardhan et al., 2017 ). Thus, standardization issues are best addressed through consensus among researchers, practitioners, and regulatory agencies in laying down uniform standards and quality assurance mechanisms. 4.2.3 Cultural and perceptual barriers Various perceptions also prevail regarding Ayurveda in the cultural landscape of acceptance. In countries where evidence-based medicine has traditionally dominated and other approaches are not well understood, Ayurvedic science remains somewhat suspect because it relies on traditional wisdom and holistic ideas in which disease processes are discussed. The perception of mainstream medicine often obstructs an integrative approach to its incorporation into the mainstream practice of healthcare and deprives them of opportunities for funding through well-designed studies ( Darker, 2014 ). Ayurveda faces fewer perceptual barriers in other countries, such as the Middle East, where traditional and spiritual healing is culturally deep-rooted, despite limited institutional support and regulatory oversight. 4.3 Implications for future research 4.3.1 Cross-disciplinary studies Further studies should focus on cross-disciplinary research approaches, integrating traditional Ayurvedic knowledge with modern scientific inputs. The gap between traditional and contemporary medicine is bridged by direct interactions between Ayurvedic experts, biomedical researchers, and/or pharmacologists. For instance, research into the molecular mechanism of Ayurvedic formulations may provide knowledge for its therapeutic application, which would increase its acceptance in evidence-based medicine ( Massey & Kirk, 2015 ). 4.3.2 Global collaborations Therefore, global collaborations are significant for advancing research and practice in Ayurveda. Collaboration between Indian institutions and other international organizations, such as the WHO, to exchange knowledge, resources, and expertise can further this. Collaborative research should be planned for large-scale RCTs to establish the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions across different populations. Such collaborations would also harmonize regulatory standards, ensuring the quality and safety of Ayurvedic products globally ( Muralidhara & Rajini 2023 ). 4.3.3 Innovative methodologies Therefore, the unique challenges in Ayurveda’s study require new research methodology. For example, adaptive trial designs that allow modification based on intermediate results can help evaluate complex interventions, such as Panchakarma. In addition, including real-world evidence from clinical practice will complement traditional RCTs and make the knowledge of Ayurveda’s impact more comprehensive ( Chattopadhyay et al., 2022 ). 4.3.4 Digital integration and big data analytics Integrating digital technologies with big data analytics opens up a bright perspective for Ayurveda research. E-health records, wearable devices, and mobile health applications will support the data collection of Ayurvedic treatment outcomes, thus enabling the analysis of large datasets in search of patterns and trends ( Chelishcheva, 2023 ). This approach will also facilitate personalized medicine by leveraging Ayurveda’s focus on individual constitution (Prakriti) in designing interventions based on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors ( Mukherjee et al., 2017 ). 4.3.5 Educational and awareness campaigns Public and professional recognition of any possible benefits that Ayurveda offers and acceptance require better engagement. Public education processes directed at health professionals and policymakers may help clarify misconceptions and determine where to find substantiation for many studies on traditional practices within established evidence profiles. Including Ayurveda curricula in training healthcare service providers goes a long way to develop mainstream acceptance over time of the healthcare systems that the world needs ( Krishna et al., 2020 ). 4.3.6 Focus on chronic and emerging diseases Future research should focus on areas in which Ayurveda has shown the most significant promise, such as chronic and lifestyle-related diseases. Conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and mental health disorders, which often have multifactorial causes, align with Ayurveda’s holistic approach. Furthermore, exploring Ayurveda’s potential to address emerging health challenges, such as antimicrobial resistance and long-term COVID-19, might open new avenues for application ( Devpura et al., 2021 ). 5. Conclusion This study places Ayurveda as a continuously relevant and potentially complementary medicine in an increasingly healthier world. Anchored by the principles and practices bequeathed by ancient India, Ayurveda was remarkably adaptable, crossing all cultural and geographical peripheries. In most countries studied here, Ayurvedic treatment has been widely considered safe and effective against diseases. Thus, the contribution of Ayurveda to the management of chronic diseases and promoting the health of prevention emerges is strongly influenced by this contribution. India, the cradle of Ayurveda, has taken the lead in the integration of Ayurveda into mainstream healthcare services with strong regulatory frameworks, various clinical research, and state government initiatives. Countries such as the United States and Germany have embraced Ayurveda as part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, with growing scientific evidence proving its potential for managing lifestyle-related disorders and chronic conditions. While the Middle East and Southeast Asia are relatively newcomers, they also present immense promise in integrating Ayurvedic practices into their respective traditional healthcare systems, impelled by cultural receptivity and emerging collaborations with Indian institutions. Notwithstanding its growing popularity, there are a few critical challenges to Ayurveda acceptance worldwide. Inconsistent regulatory frameworks, requirements for quality clinical trials, and non-standardization of formulations are some of the significant hurdles. In addition, skepticism in the West and institutional voids in emerging markets hinder its acceptance. These gaps must be filled through collaboration by researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in harmonizing regulations, enhancing safety standards, and establishing scientific credibility. Further research, therefore, needs to be cross-disciplinary and at an international level, involving the amalgamation of Ayurveda’s traditional wisdom, in tune with modern scientific methodology. Digital integration, personalized medicine, and big data analytics may further advance the relevance of Ayurveda in today’s healthcare. Focusing on chronic and emerging diseases, Ayurveda has emerged and played a significant role in addressing some of the most important global health challenges. Thus, Ayurveda is a peculiar conjunction of traditional wisdom with contemporary relevance. Further research, innovation, and regulatory support might finally place Ayurveda in a position to bring about a sea change in global healthcare systems, making them more sustainable and centered on patient needs in the future. Ethics and consent Ethical approval and consent were not required. Data availability No data associated with this article. Extended data Reporting guidelines Figshare: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness and acceptance around the world “systematic review” https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28089740 ( Alswaidi, 2024 ). The project contains the following underlying data: • PRISMA checklist and flow diagram. Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero “No rights reserved” data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). Acknowledgement We would like to thank Dr. Abdulrahman Alsahbi, CEO, and Dr. Abdullah AlAnezi, the director of technical affairs at the Saudi NCCAM, for their help in conducting this article. References Ahlawat V, Ohlan PK: A comprehensive review of the benefits of pachakarma in lifestyle disorders.2024. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Alswaidi F: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world. “systematic review”. Dataset. Figshare. 2024. Publisher Full Text Balkrishna A, Sharma N, Srivastava D, et al. : Exploring the Safety, Efficacy, and Bioactivity of Herbal Medicines: Bridging Traditional Wisdom and Modern Science in Healthcare. Future Integr. Med. 2024; 3 (1): 35–49. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. Reference Source Banerjee S, Biswas S, Mukherjee PK: Ayurveda: Evidence-Based Approach for Drug Development. Natural Medicines. CRC Press; 2019; pp.569–585. Chattopadhyay K, Wang H, Kaur J, et al. : Effectiveness and safety of Ayurvedic medicines in type 2 diabetes mellitus management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Pharmacol. 2022; 13 : 821810. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Free Full Text Reference Source Chelishcheva E: Innovation in the Yoga and Ayurveda industries: Exploring the role of technology and entrepreneurship.2023. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Currie S: European and Non-European Medical Practices: India and the West Indies, 1750-1900. United Kingdom: Sheffield Hallam University; 2005. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Darker C: Integrated healthcare in Ireland: A critical analysis and a way forward. Adelaide Health Foundation; 2014. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Debnath P, Banerjee S, Adhikari A, et al. : Ayurvedic pharmacoepidemiology is an en route to safeguard the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic drugs in the global outlook. J. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2017; 22 (2): 294–298. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Devpura G, Tomar BS, Nathiya D, et al. : Randomized placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial on the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment regime in COVID-19 positive patients. Phytomedicine. 2021; 84 : 153494. [accessed December 20, 2024]. Free Full Text Publisher Full Text | , PMID: PubMed Abstract | Hardiman D: Indian medical indigeneity: From nationalist assertions to the global market. Soc. Hist. 2009; 34 (3): 263–283. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Publisher Full Text Hossain CM, Gera M, Ali KA: Current status and challenges of herbal drug development and regulatory aspects: a global perspective. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2022; 15 : 31–41. [Accessed December 22, 2024]. Reference Source Jain AK, Sharma BK: Developments in the field of Ayurveda, Past to Present. Ayushdhara. 2014; 1 (2): 51–64. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Joos S, Rosemann T, Szecsenyi J, et al. : Use of complementary and alternative medicine in Germany: a survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2006; 6 : 1–7. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Publisher Full Text Junaid A, Anusooya D, Tamilselvi A, et al. : The concept of Ayurveda in medical science, an Indian traditional medicine: A review. Int. J. Public Health Clin. Sci. 2017; 4 : 15–23. Kathmandu N: Liberalizing Health Services under the SAARC Agreement on Trade in Services (SATIS): Implications for South Asian Countries.2011. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Katoch D, Sharma JS, Banerjee S, et al. : Government policies and initiatives for Ayurveda development. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 197 : 25–31. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Reference Source Katara PK, Sawarkar P: Systematic Review of Management of Janu Sandhigata Vata (Knee Osteoarthritis) Through Ayurveda. J. Pharm. Negat. Results. 2022; 4396–4404. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Krishna S, Dinesh KS, Nazeema PK: Globalizing Ayurveda: Opportunities and Challenges. Int. J. Health Sci. Res. 2020; 10 (3): 55–68. [Accessed December 20, 2024]. Reference Source Leonti M, Casu L: Traditional medicines and globalization: current and future perspectives in ethnopharmacology. Front. Pharmacol. 2013; 4 : 92. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Madhavan H: Ayurvedic Pharmaceuticals and the Global Regulatory Context: Complexities and Alternatives. Medicinal Plants: Benefit Sharing, Development, Conservation. Peechi: KSCSTE-Kerala Forest Research Institute; 2017; pp. 93–104. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. Reference Source Massey A, Kirk R: Bridging indigenous and Western sciences: Research methodologies for traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine systems. SAGE Open. 2015; 5 (3): p. 2158244015597726. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Publisher Full Text Minhas T: Global History as Method and Indian Science in the Late Colonial Era (1857–1947): Ayurvedic Medicine and Transcultural Science in Postcolonial Science Studies. University of Bielefeld; 2020. Muralidhara M, Rajini PS: Ayurvedic science and herbaceuticals in neurological disorders: an overview of the current scenario, challenges, and future perspectives. Ayurvedic Herbal Preparations in Neurological Disorders. 2023; pp.669–690. Mukherjee PK, Harwansh RK, Bahadur S, et al. : Development of Ayurveda: Tradition to trends. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 197 : 10–24. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Reference Source Mukherjee PK, Wahile A: Integrated approaches towards drug development from Ayurveda and other Indian systems of medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 103 (1): 25–35. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Patwardhan B: Traditional Medicine: Modern Approach to affordable global health. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005. Patwardhan K, Pathak J, Acharya R: Ayurveda formulations: A roadmap for addressing safety concerns. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. 2017; 8 (4): 279–282. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Reference Source Qureshi NA, Khalil AA, Alsanad SM: Spiritual and religious healing practices: Some reflections from the Saudi National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Riyadh. J. Relig. Health. 2020; 59 (2): 845–869. [Accessed 20 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Reference Source Schiele JK, Jeitler M, Michalsen A, et al. : Wellness or medicine? Use and perception of Ayurveda in Germany: data from an online-representative cross-sectional study. Front. Med. 2024; 11 : 1408609. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. PubMed Abstract | Free Full Text Reference Source Sharma JP, Kumar P: Yoga and Ayurveda for Peaceful and Sustainable Tomorrow: A Holistic Approach to Well-being. In: Prof.(Dr.) Anju Singh Prof. Bharti Dixit.2023. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Sharma S, Kumari K, Sethuraman G, et al. : An Ayurvedic Medication (Chyawanprash) as a Prophylaxis for Non-Communicable Disease and Communicable Disease: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2023 Oct 24; 15 (10): e47555. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Van der Valk JM: Alternative pharmaceuticals: The technoscientific becomings of Tibetan medicines in-between India and Switzerland. United Kingdom: University of Kent; 2017. [Accessed 22 December 2024]. Reference Source Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 10 Jan 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, MOH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Fahad M Alswaidi Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Abdullah A Abualssayl Roles: Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 10 Jan 2025, 14:62 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160406.1 Copyright © 2025 M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A. Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160406.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 10 Jan 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Gajarmal AA. Reviewer Report For: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r380169 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1#referee-response-380169 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 15 May 2025 Amit Ashok Gajarmal , Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Patiala, India Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r380169 I find this systematic review to be a commendable effort in mapping the global landscape of Ayurveda in terms of its safety, effectiveness, and acceptance. The rationale and objectives are clearly outlined, and the review does well in capturing ... Continue reading READ ALL I find this systematic review to be a commendable effort in mapping the global landscape of Ayurveda in terms of its safety, effectiveness, and acceptance. The rationale and objectives are clearly outlined, and the review does well in capturing regional variations and policy frameworks that impact the integration of Ayurveda worldwide. The use of multiple academic databases and a 25 years publication window enhances the comprehensiveness of the literature search. However, I would like to note that while the search strategy and types of studies are described, the methodology lacks critical details necessary for full reproducibility. For example, the article does not provide a PRISMA flow diagram or inclusion/exclusion criteria in the main text, although it is mentioned in extended data. Furthermore, this review does not include a statistical synthesis of results or meta-analysis, which may be understandable given the diversity of included studies, but should still be addressed with a justification in the methodology. The conclusions are generally supported by the findings, although they could benefit from more specific recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, especially regarding standardization and clinical validation. Overall, this is a valuable contribution to the literature on traditional medicine and can serve as a reference for future research and cross-disciplinary collaboration in Ayurveda . I recommend minor revisions focused on methodological clarity and enhanced critical appraisal of included studies. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Ayurveda, Herbs, Ethnomedicine, Traditional Indian Medicinal Practices I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Gajarmal AA. Reviewer Report For: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r380169 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1#referee-response-380169 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kumar A. Reviewer Report For: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r370956 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1#referee-response-370956 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 09 May 2025 Ashwani Kumar , Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r370956 The manuscript is a very good piece of work, written clearly and coherently. It offers valuable insights about the safety, efficacy, and global acceptance of Ayurveda . I find the manuscript very interesting; however, there are some suggestions to improve the ... Continue reading READ ALL The manuscript is a very good piece of work, written clearly and coherently. It offers valuable insights about the safety, efficacy, and global acceptance of Ayurveda . I find the manuscript very interesting; however, there are some suggestions to improve the manuscript. In the introduction correct doses as doshas 1.3 Epidemiology of Ayurveda I suggest the replacement of the word epidemiology with some suitable terminology. In the search strategy, authors should define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In methodology, the authors should concise the text and consider incorporating a PRISMA flow diagram in the main document for clarity and to facilitate reader comprehension. Correct citations Sharma, et al., 2023 Tiwari, et al., 2018 Correct in chronological order (Katara & Sawarkar 2022; Krishna et al., 2020; Madhavan, 2017). Add botanical names for Ashwagandha and Turmeric Section 4.1.1 Safety and effectiveness across regions ; should be written with more clarity. The authors should go through various evidence-based research and highlight the preclinical, clinical, and toxicity profiles of Ayurvedic formulations to deliver the essence of the content and improve the overall impact of this article. There are several reports on the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines against a vast range of diseases and ailments. This discussion needs more in-depth information. One of the key phrases used by the authors is “Ayurveda for chronic disease management” There are several case studies on Ayurvedic interventions against diverse disorders on Science Direct. Although it is not possible to include all studies, incorporating at least the gist of some studies as per the objectives of the manuscript can serve the purpose of this manuscript. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) No Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Traditional Medicine; Green Nanotechnology; Phytochemistry I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kumar A. Reviewer Report For: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r370956 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1#referee-response-370956 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 10 Jan 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 1 10 Jan 25 read read Ashwani Kumar , Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, India Amit Ashok Gajarmal , Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Patiala, India Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Gajarmal A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 15 May 2025 | for Version 1 Amit Ashok Gajarmal , Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Patiala, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Gajarmal A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I find this systematic review to be a commendable effort in mapping the global landscape of Ayurveda in terms of its safety, effectiveness, and acceptance. The rationale and objectives are clearly outlined, and the review does well in capturing regional variations and policy frameworks that impact the integration of Ayurveda worldwide. The use of multiple academic databases and a 25 years publication window enhances the comprehensiveness of the literature search. However, I would like to note that while the search strategy and types of studies are described, the methodology lacks critical details necessary for full reproducibility. For example, the article does not provide a PRISMA flow diagram or inclusion/exclusion criteria in the main text, although it is mentioned in extended data. Furthermore, this review does not include a statistical synthesis of results or meta-analysis, which may be understandable given the diversity of included studies, but should still be addressed with a justification in the methodology. The conclusions are generally supported by the findings, although they could benefit from more specific recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, especially regarding standardization and clinical validation. Overall, this is a valuable contribution to the literature on traditional medicine and can serve as a reference for future research and cross-disciplinary collaboration in Ayurveda . I recommend minor revisions focused on methodological clarity and enhanced critical appraisal of included studies. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Ayurveda, Herbs, Ethnomedicine, Traditional Indian Medicinal Practices I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Gajarmal AA. Peer Review Report For: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r380169) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1#referee-response-380169 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kumar A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 09 May 2025 | for Version 1 Ashwani Kumar , Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kumar A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The manuscript is a very good piece of work, written clearly and coherently. It offers valuable insights about the safety, efficacy, and global acceptance of Ayurveda . I find the manuscript very interesting; however, there are some suggestions to improve the manuscript. In the introduction correct doses as doshas 1.3 Epidemiology of Ayurveda I suggest the replacement of the word epidemiology with some suitable terminology. In the search strategy, authors should define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In methodology, the authors should concise the text and consider incorporating a PRISMA flow diagram in the main document for clarity and to facilitate reader comprehension. Correct citations Sharma, et al., 2023 Tiwari, et al., 2018 Correct in chronological order (Katara & Sawarkar 2022; Krishna et al., 2020; Madhavan, 2017). Add botanical names for Ashwagandha and Turmeric Section 4.1.1 Safety and effectiveness across regions ; should be written with more clarity. The authors should go through various evidence-based research and highlight the preclinical, clinical, and toxicity profiles of Ayurvedic formulations to deliver the essence of the content and improve the overall impact of this article. There are several reports on the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines against a vast range of diseases and ailments. This discussion needs more in-depth information. One of the key phrases used by the authors is “Ayurveda for chronic disease management” There are several case studies on Ayurvedic interventions against diverse disorders on Science Direct. Although it is not possible to include all studies, incorporating at least the gist of some studies as per the objectives of the manuscript can serve the purpose of this manuscript. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) No Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Traditional Medicine; Green Nanotechnology; Phytochemistry I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Kumar A. Peer Review Report For: Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :62 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176299.r370956) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1#referee-response-370956 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62", templates : { twitter : "Ayurveda; safety, effectiveness, and acceptance around the world. M Alswaidi F and A Abualssayl A, published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/14-62/v1" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/160406/176299") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "176299"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "380165": 0, "380164": 0, "380167": 0, "380166": 0, "380161": 0, "380160": 0, "380163": 0, "380162": 0, "370957": 0, "370956": 10, "370959": 0, "370958": 0, "380169": 11, "380168": 0, "370955": 0, "370964": 0, "370961": 0, "370960": 0, "370963": 0, "370962": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "6a569f38-f3a5-4cd0-b807-d05863816364"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });