Translocated southern seedlings perform as well as local provenances: insights from an ecophysiological monitoring under varying cutting modalities

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However, we need additional knowledge about the physiology of translocated seedlings to select the most appropriate species, provenances (i.e., seed sources) and silvicultural treatments surrounding this adaptive strategy. We used the first experimental site of the DREAM Network to assess early ecophysiology of local and translocated seedlings of eight species ( Prunus serotina , Quercus rubra , Acer saccharum , Picea glauca , Picea rubens , Pinus strobus , Pinus resinosa and Thuja occidentalis ). Seedlings were planted in a mixed plantation design in patch clearcut and in regular shelterwood system. For each species, seedlings were produced from three geographical provenances representing current climate (2018), mid-century and end-century climates (predicted for 2050 and 2080), based on climate analogues. Shelterwood partial cover proved useful during the establishment (e.g., to protect seedlings from late frost) with limited impacts on physiological performance. When planted in patch clearcut, Prunus serotina , Quercus rubra and Acer saccharum from mid-century and end-century climate analogues experienced lower water stress, suggesting a better drought tolerance than those from local provenances. Overall, insights from this ecophysiological monitoring indicated that translocated southern seedlings perform as well as or better than local provenances, suggesting that they can acclimate to their new destination site. Adaptive silviculture Enrichment planting Forest assisted migration Gas exchange Leaf acclimation Water stress Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Forests worldwide are and will continue to be challenged by climate change. The magnitude of these changes (e.g., air and soil temperature increase, drought severity and frequency) is generally more rapid than the northward or altitudinal migration capacity of most tree species (Aitken et al. 2008; Loarie et al. 2009; Sittaro et al. 2017). Consequently, we anticipate maladaptation problems, loss of productivity, increase of mortality and loss of species in many forest ecosystems (Zhu et al. 2011; Williams and Dumroese 2013; Harrison 2020; Messier et al. 2022). Thus, we may face an important reduction in key ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, habitat provisioning, and forest products by the end of this century (Royo et al. 2023). Forest assisted migration (i.e., the human-mediated movement of tree populations or species) is among the adaptive silvicultural tools that could help forest transition to future climate conditions while maintaining productivity and ecosystem services (Millar et al. 2007; Ste-Marie et al. 2011; Pedlar et al. 2012; Benito-Garzón and Fernández-Manjarrés 2015; Park and Rodgers 2023; Royo et al. 2023). More precisely, it consists of planting seedlings produced from southern provenances (i.e., seed sources) and species, that could be more adapted to future climate conditions than local provenances (Williams and Dumroese 2013; Park and Talbot 2018). Forest assisted migration, however, raises some concerns and uncertainties that can seriously compromise our adaptive efforts (Gray et al. 2011; Park and Talbot 2012). In the short term, translocated seedlings must survive, acclimate, and grow in current local conditions (Corlett and Westcott 2013). To alleviate this risk, it is crucial to select an appropriate transfer distance that will minimize maladaptation risks. In this regard, moving populations or expanding their range is likely less risky than moving species beyond their current distribution range (Winder et al. 2011; Dumroese et al. 2015). For forest assisted migration to be successful, managers need to select planting stock appropriate for their region and the range of conditions that migrating seedlings can tolerate (Royo et al. 2023). Another solution to minimize short-term maladaptation risk is to use a combination of silvicultural treatments that will facilitate the acclimation process by improving environmental conditions. For example, full light exposure is beneficial to maximize seedling carbon gain, root growth, and establishment (Burdett 1990; Margolis and Brand 1990). In contrast, the presence of a partial overstory can be useful for southern provenances or non-local species if, for example, a late spring frost event occurs (Sebastian-Azcona et al. 2019). By reducing the daily and extreme air and soil temperatures (even by a few degrees), a partial overstory can be beneficial for species like red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) that are particularly sensitive to heat stress during the establishment phase and at the juvenile stage (Alexander et al. 1995). Moreover, partial overstory can produce an understory environment with a higher relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentrations than the ambient environment (Minter et al. 1992). Physiological metrics, because they respond rapidly to the environment, provide immediate information enabling an adaptive management strategy, which could be used to determine ideal provenances for forest assisted migration. So far, only a handful of studies have investigated the ecophysiology of several tree provenances and species at the same planting site (Park and Rodgers 2023). Consequently, our knowledge of the interplay between climate, growth, and ecophysiology is incomplete for many commercial tree species (reviewed by Park and Rodgers 2023). In this context, examining the initial physiological response and performance of planted seedlings is crucial before recommending and implementing forest assisted migration at a large scale. To fill this need, we evaluated the initial ecophysiological response of seedlings planted in the first experimental site of the DREAM Network (Royo et al. 2023). We established this experiment in 2018 in yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) – conifer temperate mixedwood stands in Quebec, Canada (Raymond and Dumais 2024). We planted tree seedlings of different provenances and species in mixture in both patch clearcut and regular shelterwood system (Royo et al. 2023; Raymond et al., in prep.). Using this experiment, we aim to 1) characterize the basic ecophysiology of forest-assisted migration planted seedlings, 2) understand relationships between environmental conditions (open area vs. partial overstory) and the physiological response of seedlings (e.g., gas exchange and water potential), and 3) determine the most favourable treatment combinations (environmental conditions vs. species and provenances) to promote ecophysiological seedling performance. We hypothesized that partial overstory will reduce physiological performance (e.g., photosynthesis rate) of seedlings, but also the occurrence of stress (e.g., during drought and frost events). We also hypothesized that seedlings from southern provenances would perform as well as or better than seedlings from local provenances, because their parent trees are adapted to warmer and drier conditions (e.g., less water stress or better water use efficiency in fully exposed area). Materials and methods Experimental site and design We conducted the present experiment in yellow birch – conifer stands located 95 km northwest of Quebec City, near the Lac des Amanites in the Réserve faunique de Portneuf (Quebec, Canada; lat. 47.128° N, long. −72.409° W). Stands grow on fertile sites with high growth potential in the western balsam fir ( Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) – yellow birch bioclimatic domain (ecoregion 4cM, Saucier et al. 2009). The selection of sites with rich and well drained soils would maximize the yield on investments (Cogliastro and Paquette 2012). This forest area is characterized by a high hill topography with rounded summits (altitude: around 365 m) and podzolic soils developed from deep glacial till (Robitaille and Saucier 1998). More details on management history, landscape context, climate and pre-harvest attributes are presented in Royo et al. (2023). The experiment is a factorial design (split-split-split block) with four complete randomized blocks (repetitions) and four treatments: cutting (patch clearcut vs. shelterwood cut, in main plots), large herbivores exclusion (exclosure installation), competing vegetation control (mechanical release during the second growing season after planting) and provenances (Royo et al. 2023; Raymond et al., in prep.). In the present ecophysiological study, we only considered the cutting and provenance treatments, taking measurements on seedling protected from large herbivores and with the competing vegetation removed. In the summer of 2017, we removed all trees in the patch clearcut (140 m × 86 m). In the shelterwood cut (same time and size), we removed uniformly 40% of the merchantable basal area. We conserved healthy trees with good growth potential (Majcen et al. 1990) and long-lived species (e.g., yellow birch, red spruce). Each main plot comprises mixed plantings associated to three different geographical provenances: local (current climate of the plantation site [2018]), the mid-century climate predicted for the plantation site [2050] and the end-century climate predicted for the site [2080]) (Royo et al. 2023; Raymond et al., in prep.). We calculated climate analogues with GIECC data using dissimilarity matrix, based on three variables: mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and minimum temperature in May (Champagne et al. 2021; Royo et al. 2023). For example, the white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) seeds to produce the end-century climate analogue were collected in New York state, USA. Plant material and planting conditions The provincial government tree nursery of Berthierville (QC, Canada) cultivated seedlings of all species and analogues under the same conditions. Containerized seedlings of nine species were produced (4 deciduous trees and 5 conifers): black cherry ( Prunus serotina [Erhr.]), northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.), sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.), shagbark hickory ( Carya ovata [Miller] K. Koch), white spruce ( Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), red spruce, white pine, red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) and northern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.). Conifer species were sown in the spring of 2017 in micro-cell containers and transplanted in larger container (IPL® [Saint-Damien, QC, Canada] 25–310 containers: 25 cells, 310 cm 3 each) to produce large-sized seedlings (2-year production). Deciduous species were sown in the spring of 2018 and container-grown (IPL 28–340 containers: 28 cells, 340 cm 3 each) until August 2018 (1growing season production). Few weeks before planting (June 2018), the patch clearcut was scarified with a powered TTS disk trencher (Timberjack 560D) to uniformize site conditions and facilitate tree planting. Shelterwood cutover was not deliberately scarified, but summer logging operations allowed passive ground scarification by forest machinery. We planted seedlings in August 2018, except for the shagbark hickory, which required two growing seasons and was planted in May 2020, before the second growing season began. Planting was realized using 12 rows of 9 seedlings (one per species, with random layout and 2 m spacing; see Fig. 3 in Royo et al. 2023). Environmental monitoring To characterize environmental conditions, we monitored daily variations of photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR) (Photon Flux Sensor, Model QSO-S, Meter Group Inc., USA), atmospheric pressure, air temperature and humidity (VP-4 Sensor [Temp/RH/Barometer], Part #40023) at 1.3 m above ground. We also measured soil temperature and humidity (5TM Soil moisture and temp sensor, Part #40635) at the humus and mineral soil interface. We installed eight meteorological stations (2 per block) equipped with a data logger (Em50 Digital Decagon, Part #40800). Physiological monitoring To detect the occurrence of physiological stress, we monitored basic physiology by selecting a subsample of plants in three blocks. We sampled the year after planting (year 1, mid-July 2019) and the following three (years 2 to 4, 2020 to 2022), twice during each growing season (mid-July and mid-August). We excluded shagbark hickory as it was planted later than the other 8 species. In each experimental unit (block × cutting × climate analogue), we randomly selected 1 planting row (8 trees) for a total of 144 observations at each sampling date (3 blocks × 2 cutting treatments × 3 climate analogues × 8 species). All selected trees were free of pests, pathogens, and morphological defects. We measured transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s ), light-saturated photosynthesis (A max ) and water use efficiency (WUE, calculated as A max × E − 1 ) between 8:30 AM and 4:30 PM (solar time) using a portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400XT, LI-COR BioSciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). A max is appropriate to estimate the photosynthetic capacity (Man and Lieffers 1997) and the physiological acclimation (Mitchell 2001). A max , E and g s are often interrelated, and their status can be explained by the others. For example, a decline in E during a high atmospheric evaporative demand (e.g., Pataki et al. 2000) can be the result of a partial stomata closure to maintain daytime xylem water potential (Ψ d ) above a critical threshold (Bond et al. 1999), reducing g s , and consequently A max (Dang et al. 1997). We conducted these gas exchange measurements at ambient CO 2 concentration (~ 410 ppm), using the current-year foliage on a random lateral branch in the seedling upper half. Light saturation (photosynthetic photon flux density: 1500 µmol·m − 2 ·s − 1 ) was provided by the 6400–18 RGB light source (LICOR). Air temperature and relative humidity inside the chamber were respectively maintained at 22°C (± 4°C) and 50% (± 8%). After gas exchange measurements, we used the same branch to determine Ψ d with a pressure chamber (Model 600, PMS Instruments Co., Corvallis, OR, USA). Ψ d is useful to assess seedling water stress and it can explain status of other physiological variables. To determine the specific leaf area (SLA = [needle area] × [needle dry weight] −1 ), we collected the branch, enclosed it in a plastic bag, placed in a portable cooler, and transferred to a cold room (− 10°C) at the end of the day. In the laboratory, we scanned the foliage and determined its projected area using imaging software (WinFOLIA for deciduous species, WinSEEDLE for spruces and pines, and WinRHIZO for cedar; Régent Instruments Inc., Quebec, QC, Canada). We dried needles at 65°C for 48 h and we weighed them. SLA is correlated to light availability and is an indicator of foliage acclimation to environmental conditions (Mailly and Kimmins 1997). Data analyses We performed statistical analyses using the MIXED procedure of the SAS software (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). We made analyses of variance to determine significant differences according to cutting treatment (patch clearcut vs. shelterwood cut) for the following monthly meteorological data: extreme minimal and maximal air temperatures (the lowest and highest air temperature observed during the month), mean daily minimal and maximal air temperatures, air relative humidity, soil water content and temperature, and maximum photosynthetically active radiation. For physiological variables (e.g., A max ), we calculated the data average from the two sampling dates for each species. We analyzed species separately to avoid the confounding effect of foliage morphology. We performed analyses of variance for repeated measures with a first-order autoregressive structure (AR[1]) for all physiological data. Cutting treatment, climate analogue, year and their interactions were considered as fixed effects, whereas block was considered as a random effect. Variance homogeneity and normality of residuals were verified graphically. All tests were considered significant at α ≤ 0.05. Results Environmental conditions The cutting treatment had a significant effect on air temperature during the growing season, with shelterwood cut generating slightly colder and less variable conditions (Fig. 1 ). Mean daily maximum was higher in the patch clearcut (+0.7 to +2.5°C) than in the shelterwood cut for all months with the years (Table 1 ). Mean daily minimum varied less in response to the cutting treatment and was 1°C lower in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut, but only in June and July 2020 (Table 1 ). The cutting treatment affected extreme air temperatures only in some periods of the growing season (Fig. 1 ). Extreme monthly minimum was significantly lower in the patch clearcut (−1.0 to −2.2°C) than in the shelterwood cut, particularly at the beginning and at the end of the growing season (Table 1 ). For the entire studied period, the latest frost occurred on June 14, 2020 (−0.4°C in the clearcut), and the earliest frost occurred on September 15, 2020 (−0.8°C also in the clearcut). Extreme monthly maximum was significantly higher in the patch clearcut (+0.9 to +2.8°C) than in the shelterwood cut, mainly in the middle of the growing season (Table 1 ). For the studied period, extreme maximum air temperature was observed on June 20, 2020 (34.3°C in the clearcut). Table 1 Mean daily minimum and maximum air temperatures (°C), extreme minimum and maximum values (°C) and associated probabilities (P) of analyses of variance for the effects of the cutting treatment (patch clearcut or shelterwood cut). Numbers in bold are statistically significant (α = 0.05). P = p value. Year Month Extreme minimum values Mean daily minimum Mean daily maximum Extreme maximum values Clearcut Shelterwood P Clearcut Shelterwood P Clearcut Shelterwood P Clearcut Shelterwood P 2020 May −6.4 −5.8 0.115 2.5 2.6 0.748 16.9 16.2 0.021 32.2 31.6 0.178 June −2.9 −1.9 0.031 8.3 9.3 0.037 24.7 23.3 < 0.001 34.8 33.9 0.023 July 6.7 8.2 0.174 13.6 14.6 0.038 27.5 25.3 < 0.001 34.3 32.3 0.002 August 0.9 2.9 0.119 10.1 11.0 0.116 23.4 21.9 < 0.001 31.5 28.7 0.001 September −4.6 −3.1 0.016 4.4 5.1 0.174 16.9 16.0 < 0.001 23.4 22.6 0.134 2021 May −5.4 −4.5 0.261 2.6 3.0 0.341 17.7 17.3 0.026 28.9 29.0 0.804 June 2.0 3.0 0.038 10.3 10.9 0.077 23.5 22.5 < 0.001 32.9 32.8 0.166 July 3.1 4.4 0.178 9.8 10.7 0.107 24.4 22.8 < 0.001 29.8 27.8 < 0.001 August 3.8 6.0 0.032 13.0 14.1 0.088 26.4 25.2 0.003 32.7 31.0 0.001 September 0.5 2.5 0.049 6.8 7.8 0.087 18.9 17.7 < 0.001 24.6 23.2 0.004 2022 May −6.6 −4.9 0.245 4.7 4.9 0.578 19.7 19.0 0.008 33.1 33.2 0.738 June 0.7 2.7 0.016 8.5 9.4 0.137 21.6 20.3 0.010 30.9 30.0 0.035 July 2.5 2.7 0.757 10.2 11.1 0.569 25.7 23.2 0.003 30.5 29.1 0.007 August 3.4 6.5 NA 10.8 12.4 NA 25.1 23.1 NA 30.2 28.1 NA September −2.7 −0.3 NA 5.6 7.3 NA 19.1 17.8 NA 29.3 26.5 NA NA: Data not available, i.e., statistics could not have been calculated because only data of one block (one repetition) were available. The cutting treatment had also effects on other environmental variables. Monthly mean daily soil temperature was generally higher in the clearcut (+1.5 to +2.1°C) than in the shelterwood cut at the exception of 2022 (Table 2 ). Monthly mean daily maximum PAR was 1.5 to 2.9 times higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut. However, the cutting treatment had no significative effect on monthly mean daily air relative humidity and soil water content (Table 2 ). Table 2 Mean daily air relative humidity (%), soil water content (%), soil temperature (°C), maximum photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, µmol·m − 2 ·s − 1 ) and associated probabilities (P) of analyses of variance for the effects of the cutting treatment (patch clearcut or shelterwood cut). Numbers in bold are statistically significant (α = 0.05). P = p value. Year Month Air relative humidity Soil water content Soil temperature Maximum PAR Clearcut Shelterwood P Clearcut Shelterwood P Clearcut Shelterwood P Clearcut Shelterwood P 2020 May 62.4 61.4 0.431 29.2 32.6 0.665 8.3 6.8 0.214 1534 1054 0.016 June 70.3 69.6 0.557 27.0 26.4 0.930 14.5 12.6 0.041 1711 905 < 0.001 July 77.5 77.4 0.859 25.8 20.5 0.423 18.2 16.5 0.025 1578 761 < 0.001 August 80.0 80.0 0.947 27.8 23.9 0.535 17.9 15.8 0.035 1573 704 < 0.001 September 82.2 81.7 0.597 28.0 24.7 0.623 12.7 11.6 0.064 1105 492 < 0.001 2021 May 65.0 64.0 0.229 28.4 29.8 0.854 9.9 8.2 0.047 1532 924 < 0.001 June 73.7 73.5 0.646 27.3 24.3 0.644 14.7 12.6 0.030 1572 775 < 0.001 July 76.0 75.9 0.832 27.3 23.8 0.573 16.3 14.7 0.018 1650 760 < 0.001 August 78.3 77.5 0.283 25.2 16.1 0.158 17.7 16.2 0.042 1418 578 < 0.001 September 81.9 81.7 0.747 25.7 18.1 0.257 14.7 13.5 0.076 1105 383 < 0.001 2022 May 67.4 66.9 0.641 30.9 33.9 0.728 10.2 8.3 0.117 1406 847 0.002 June 78.0 78.5 0.739 32.1 29.0 0.621 13.4 12.5 0.358 1542 797 0.008 July 76.6 75.7 0.679 31.2 18.2 0.472 15.5 14.2 0.570 1675 903 0.038 August 80.3 81.6 NA 30.7 23.5 NA 16.5 16.7 NA 1487 804 NA September 81.1 82.4 NA 31.4 26.2 NA 14.1 13.6 NA 1199 514 NA NA: Data not available, i.e., statistics could not have been calculated because only data of one block (one repetition) were available. Seedling physiology For most of the species (5 out of 8), light-saturated photosynthesis (A max ) was not affected by the cutting treatment. For black cherry and white spruce, A max was significantly affected by the interaction between cutting and year (Table 3 a and 3 d). For the first three years, A max of black cherry was no different between cutting treatments, but at year 4, it was 43% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Fig. 2 a). Inversely, for the first three years, A max of white spruce was 12–31% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut, but at year 4, it was no different between cutting treatments (Fig. 2 b). A max of red spruce decreased with the years (Table 3 e), with a reduction of 52% between years 1 and 4 (Fig. 2 c). A max of white and red pine fluctuated with the years (Table 3 f–g), with lower values in year 3 (Fig. 2 d–e). For white cedar, A max (all year confounded) was 37% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Table 3 h; Fig. 2 f). Specific leaf area (SLA) was significantly higher in the shelterwood cut than in the patch clearcut for all species, but with year fluctuations for some species. SLA of black cherry was 50% higher in the shelterwood cut (282 cm 2 /g) than in the patch clearcut (189; Table 3 a), and it decreased by 33% with the years, from 281 cm 2 /g in year 1 to 188 cm 2 /g in year 4 (Fig. 3 a). SLA of red oak and sugar maple were globally 30% and 36% higher, respectively, in the shelterwood cut (267 cm 2 /g and 254 cm 2 /g, respectively) than in the patch clearcut (204 and 187; Table 3 b–c) and fluctuated with the years (Fig. 3 b–c). SLA of white and red spruce were 41% and 23% higher in the shelterwood cut (65 cm 2 /g and 66 cm 2 /g) than in the patch clearcut (46 and 54; Table 3 d–e), and they increased by 14% and 22% with the years, from 55 cm 2 /g and 54 cm 2 /g in year 1 to 62 cm 2 /g and 65 cm 2 /g in year 4 (Fig. 3 d–e). For white and red pine, SLA was affected by the interaction between cutting and year (Table 3 f–g; Fig. 3 f–g). Globally, SLA of white and red pine were 27% and 36% higher, respectively, in the shelterwood cut (104 cm 2 /g and 71 cm 2 /g) than in the patch clearcut (82 and 52). Finally, SLA of white cedar (all year confounded) was 23% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Table 3 h; Fig. 3 h). The xylem daytime water potential (Ψ d ) of the three deciduous species was significantly affected by the interaction between cutting and climate analogue (Table 3 a–c). In the patch clearcut, Ψ d of black cherry, red oak and sugar maple current climate analogues were lower by 25–34% than those of mid- and end-century climate analogues (Fig. 4 a–c). For the conifer species, cutting and year influenced Ψ d , but not the climate analogues. For the two spruce species, Ψ d was affected by the interaction between cutting and year (Table 3 d–e). In year 3, Ψ d of white and red spruce were lower in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut, but they were no different between cutting treatments in year 4 (Fig. 4 d–e). Finally, Ψ d of white pine was 16% lower in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Table 3 f; Fig. 4 f). Other physiological variables such as transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s ) and water use efficiency (WUE), were mainly affected by the year with no increasing or decreasing trend but rather annual fluctuations with a few exceptions. For black cherry and sugar maple, WUE was significantly affected by the interaction between the cutting treatment and year (Table S1). As a result, WUE of black cherry increased with the years (3.7 to 4.9 µmol CO 2 /mol H 2 O) in the patch clearcut (annual fluctuations in the shelterwood cut), while the WUE of sugar maple decreased with the years (4.7 to 2.3) in the shelterwood cut (slight annual fluctuations in the clearcut). For white cedar, E and g s were higher in the patch clearcut (2.5 mmol H 2 O/m 2 ·s and 0.17 mol CO 2 /m 2 ·s, respectively) than in the shelterwood cut (1.9 and 0.13; P = 0.005 and 0.018). Finally, WUE of white cedar was lower (Table S1) for end-century climate analogues (3.4 µmol CO 2 /mol H 2 O) than for the two other analogues (4.2). Table 3. Analyses of variance for repeated measures and associated probabilities for the effects of the cutting treatment (C: patch clearcut vs. shelterwood cut) and climate analogues (A: current, mid-century, end-century) on light-saturated photosynthesis (A max ), specific leaf area (SLA) and daytime shoot water potential (Ψ d ) of seedlings according to the different species. Numbers in bold are statistically significant (a = 0.05). F = F value, P = p value, df = degrees of freedom reported as numerator, denominator. A max SLA Ψ d Source of variation Df F P df F P df F P Deciduous species a) Black cherry C 1, 2.0 2.06 0.288 1, 10.0 50.34 < 0.001 1, 10.0 0.30 0.595 A 2, 8.0 2.24 0.169 2, 10.0 3.81 0.059 2, 10.0 3.32 0.079 C ´ A 2, 8.0 0,98 0.415 2, 10.0 0.70 0.520 2, 10.0 6.53 0.015 Year (Y) 3, 27.9 28.63 < 0.001 3, 25.7 14.97 < 0.001 1, 12.0 0.00 0.974 C ´ Y 3, 27.9 7.24 0.001 3, 25.7 0.31 0.815 1, 12.0 2.76 0.123 A ´ Y 6, 27.9 0.37 0.893 6, 25.7 0.79 0.585 2, 12.0 0.15 0.860 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 27.9 1.85 0.125 6, 25.7 1.65 0.175 2, 12.0 0.09 0.916 b) Red oak C 1, 11.7 2.42 0.146 1, 3.8 27.30 0.008 1, 4.1 4.10 0.112 A 2, 11.7 0.39 0.682 2, 7.8 0.65 0.550 2, 5.8 3.98 0.082 C ´ A 2, 11.7 0.80 0.471 2, 7.8 1.67 0.250 2, 5.8 5.84 0.041 Y 3, 27.7 2.06 0.128 3, 23.5 57.96 < 0.001 1, 9.0 8.86 0.016 C ´ Y 3, 27.7 0.91 0.448 3, 23.5 0.75 0.535 1, 9.0 0.23 0.646 A ´ Y 6, 27.8 0.54 0.776 6, 23.5 3.59 0.011 2, 9.0 0.36 0.707 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 27.8 0.74 0.623 6, 23.5 1.61 0.189 2, 9.0 0.32 0.734 c) Sugar maple C 1, 9.4 1.28 0.286 1, 12.0 16.76 0.002 1, 2.0 0.02 0.910 A 2, 9.4 0.20 0.825 2, 12.0 0.17 0.848 2, 8.0 12.51 0.003 C ´ A 2, 9.4 0.93 0.427 2, 12.0 0.05 0.952 2, 8.0 9.58 0.008 Y 3, 24.3 2.10 0.126 3, 24.5 4.77 0.009 1, 12.0 0.02 0.887 C ´ Y 3, 24.3 2.62 0.074 3, 24.5 0.39 0.760 1, 12.0 0.61 0.449 A ´ Y 6, 24.3 2.04 0.098 6, 24.5 0.26 0.952 2, 12.0 0.19 0.828 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 24.3 0.75 0.618 6, 24.5 1.72 0.158 2, 12.0 0.14 0.867 Conifers d) White spruce C 1, 2.0 6.69 0.125 1, 11.7 32.94 < 0.001 1, 12.0 1.56 0.236 A 2, 15.0 1.78 0.203 2, 11.7 0.72 0.508 2, 12.0 2.71 0.107 C ´ A 2, 15.0 1.34 0.291 2, 11.7 0.62 0.555 2, 12.0 1.18 0.339 Y 3, 31.9 18.08 < 0.001 3, 24.7 3.88 0.021 1, 12.0 3.88 0.072 C ´ Y 3, 31.9 2.93 0.049 3, 24.7 0.78 0.516 1, 12.0 4.82 0.049 A ´ Y 6, 31.9 0.76 0.605 6, 24.7 0.55 0.768 2, 12.0 0.20 0.819 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 31.9 0.77 0.596 6, 24.7 0.64 0.697 2, 12.0 0.08 0.927 Table 3. (continued) A max SLA Ψ d Source of variation df F P df F P df F P e) Red spruce C 1, 3.6 3.56 0.111 1, 12.7 12.68 0.004 1, 12.0 12.98 0.004 A 2, 12.9 0.60 0.564 2, 12.7 0.51 0.612 2, 12.0 0.06 0.939 C ´ A 2, 12.9 0.63 0.549 2, 12.7 0.27 0.768 2, 12.0 0.11 0.895 Y 3, 28.2 12.85 < 0.001 3, 30.8 5.33 0.005 1, 12.0 8.85 0.012 C ´ Y 3, 28.2 0.41 0.750 3, 30.8 2.06 0.126 1, 12.0 6.70 0.024 A ´ Y 6, 28.2 0.52 0.788 6, 30.8 0.17 0.983 2, 12.0 0.81 0.469 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 28.2 0.30 0.932 6, 30.8 2.15 0.076 2, 12.0 1.28 0.313 f) White pine C 1, 14.7 2.88 0.110 1, 4.0 14.67 0.019 1, 4.0 10.12 0.034 A 2, 14.7 0.87 0.439 2, 7.4 0.28 0.764 2, 8.0 0.65 0.548 C ´ A 2, 14.7 0.05 0.955 2, 7.4 0.08 0.923 2, 8.0 0.18 0.841 Y 3, 31.8 6.66 0.001 3, 24.7 15.57 < 0.001 1, 12.0 0.15 0.710 C ´ Y 3, 31.8 0.29 0.832 3, 24.7 4.76 0.009 1, 12.0 0.00 0.960 A ´ Y 6, 31.8 0.66 0.686 6, 24.7 0.80 0.576 2, 12.0 0.36 0.704 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 31.8 0.36 0.900 6, 24.7 0.45 0.840 2, 12.0 0.15 0.861 g) Red pine C 1, 12.8 0.05 0.823 1, 4.0 11.13 0.029 1, 4.2 0.08 0.788 A 2, 12.7 0.14 0.868 2, 8.0 0.20 0.820 2, 8.0 0.32 0.736 C ´ A 2, 12.7 0.21 0.813 2, 8.0 0.13 0.877 2, 8.0 1.25 0.338 Y 3, 28.8 11.20 < 0.001 3, 25.9 10.89 < 0.001 1, 11.8 2.73 0.125 C ´ Y 3, 28.8 0.46 0.712 3, 25.9 5.35 0.005 1, 11.8 1.84 0.200 A ´ Y 6, 29.4 1.07 0.402 6, 25.9 0.99 0.454 2, 11.7 0.12 0.889 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 29.4 1.21 0.329 6, 25.9 0.91 0.501 2, 11.7 2.71 0.108 h) White cedar C 1, 10.0 24.96 < 0.001 1, 9.9 12.00 0.006 1, 10.0 2.10 0.178 A 2, 10.0 0.98 0.409 2, 9.9 0.15 0.864 2, 10.0 0.09 0.914 C ´ A 2, 10.0 0.19 0.827 2, 9.9 1.07 0.381 2, 10.0 0.24 0.793 Y 3, 26.4 1.84 0.165 3, 23.1 2.55 0.080 1, 12.0 0.12 0.737 C ´ Y 3, 26.4 1.24 0.314 3, 23.1 2.39 0.094 1, 12.0 0.09 0.775 A ´ Y 6, 26.4 0.15 0.988 6, 23.1 1.17 0.357 2, 12.0 0.45 0.648 C ´ A ´ Y 6, 26.4 0.86 0.533 6, 23.1 0.85 0.547 2, 12.0 0.10 0.907 Discussion Environmental conditions In this experiment, we examined the initial physiological response of eight tree species and three provenances (climate analogues) in two contrasting environments with the aim to optimize seedling acclimation to current conditions in a context of forest assisted migration. As expected, cutting treatment had the most significant impact on the microclimatic environment surrounding seedlings, particularly for light availability and temperatures. Light availability in the shelterwood cut represented 51% of the patch clearcut light availability during the growing seasons of 2020 to 2022, based on mean maximum PAR. Under a similar 40% basal area removal in yellow birch – conifer stands in Quebec, Prévost (2008) found that light availability was 22% of the availability in the patch clearcut during the first post-cut year. In our experiment, less vigorous trees with an open crown and with lesser structural attributes could explain the higher shelterwood post-cut light transmission. In the context of climate change and forest assisted migration, a higher minimum air temperature during the bud break period appears interesting to limit late frost damage on seedlings (e.g., Groot and Carlson 1996; Langvall and Örlander 2001; Silvestro et al. 2019; Mura et al. 2022). The presence of an overstory generally decreases air and soil temperatures during the day and increases night temperatures in comparison with open area like a clearcut (e.g., Childs and Flint 1987; Carlson and Groot 1997; Langvall and Örlander 2001; Likens et al. 2004). In our experiment, cutting affected mainly extreme monthly minimum, daily maximum, and extreme monthly maximum air temperatures, generally elevating the minimum and decreasing the maximum temperature in the shelterwood cut compared to the patch clearcut (Fig. 1 ). This difference looks effective for alleviating frost damage risk: northern red oaks were damaged by late frost in year 2 (June 2020) and year 3 (May 2021), but the damage mainly occurred in the patch clearcut where 86% of the seedlings were damaged vs. only 5% in the shelterwood cut (Parent 2022, unpublished data). Similarly, Groot and Carlson (1996) reported that nearly 75% of the white spruce seedlings in a clearcut had medium to heavy spring frost damage, while only 2% of the understory seedlings were frost damaged. Concerning soil temperature, it was around 2°C lower in the shelterwood cut (14.7°C) than in the patch clearcut (16.6°C), between June and August. Similarly, Prévost (2008) found that soil temperature under uniform partial cuts removing 40–60% of the basal area was lower by 4–5°C (year 1 post-cut) to 1–2°C (year 5) than in a patch clearcut. Difference between the two post-cut contrasting environments with the years resulted from decrease of solar radiation reaching the soil surface associated with post-cut vegetation regrowth. Carlson and Groot (1997) also reported that the difference in soil temperature among overstory openings were greatest early in the season, and diminished as regeneration of shrubs, herbs, and grasses developed. Similarly, in our experiment conducted in stands growing on rich sites, cutting effect on soil temperature was detected only in the first three post-cut years. In the patch clearcut, rapid regrowth of the shrub layer and other competing species sheltering soil surface from solar radiation likely wipe out significant soil temperature difference with shelterwood cut from the year 4 (2022). Thus, all effects of cutting on microclimate reported here likely affected physiology and growth of planted seedlings. Effects on seedling physiology Contrary to our first hypothesis, cutting had little impact on short-term photosynthetic capacity (A max ) of seedlings, suggesting that shade created by the residual overstory was insufficient to affect this physiological trait for most of the studied species (5 out of 8). However, consistent higher specific leaf area in the shelterwood cut in comparison with the patch clearcut (Fig. 3 ) suggests adjustment in leaf morphology because the residual overstory did not provide optimal light conditions to maximize carbon gain over the whole growing season. Such partial overstory seems adequate to acclimate and establish seedlings by reducing microclimate extremes (e.g., late frost) or the occurrence of other damaging agents (e.g., pine weevil attack on white pine; Ostry et al. 2010). However, overstory closure (e.g., Prévost 2008) and the rapid development of understory competing vegetation (e.g., Paquette et al. 2006) in the next years could impair physiology, growth, and survival of least shade-tolerant species like pines and red oak (Hannah 1988; Shepperd et al. 2006; Prévosto et al. 2011). Removal of the protective shelterwood cover is usually performed 5–15 years after cutting (Prévost and DeBlois 2014), either totally, partially, or progressively (Day et al.2011; Cogliastro and Paquette 2012). Trends in A max and specific leaf area (SLA) with the years can inform us about the evolution of light conditions and the relevance to open the overstory to maintain or increase physiological and growth performance, and ultimately to avoid seedling suppression and mortality. For example, to satisfy light requirements of underplanted red oak and black cherry and produce a significant number of competitively trees, Cogliastro and Paquette (2012) showed that double overstory thinning at year 3 and 7 was necessary. This highlights the importance to continue ecophysiological monitoring, particularly to determine the best timing to manage the shelterwood cover, especially for translocated species and provenances that might be more susceptible to extreme conditions. For some species (3 out of 8), photosynthetic capacity was influenced by cutting. This was the case for the shade-intolerant black cherry where A max was higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut at year 4 (Fig. 2 a), corroborating our first hypothesis. However, low initial A max or delayed A max difference between the two cutting treatments and increasing water use efficiency (WUE) with the years suggest that this displaced species experienced significant planting stress (Grossnickle 2005). Black cherry is a newcomer to the balsam fir – yellow birch bioclimatic domain, representing a riskier type of assisted migration, i.e., assisted species migration, and thus perhaps more susceptible to planting stress. Such a stress could arise from low initial root growth (Burdett 1990; Margolis and Brand 1990) and/or mycorrhizal development (Refsland et al. 2023), particularly in a stressful post-clearcut environment. Poor root system size and distribution generally affect seedlings water uptake and nutrition which are susceptible to decrease A max (Burdett 1990; Grossnickle 2005). Moreover, the abnormally warm and dry spring of 2020 (year 2) coupled with simultaneous competing vegetation release treatment could have a direct negative impact on A max and WUE. It is reported that a partial overstory is required for the optimal establishment of black cherry, but that more sunlight is necessary afterwards to ensure continued growth (Marquis 1990; Verheyen et al. 2007; Cogliastro and Paquette 2012). Once the critical establishment period done, the drought tolerance of black cherry (Gilman and Watson 1994) makes it a good candidate species in the context of adaptation to climate change. Black cherry was the only species in our experiment whose SLA consistently decreased with the years (Fig. 3 a), likely because its rapid height growth allows it to rapidly escape from light interference created by competing vegetation. By contrast, A max of white spruce was higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut from the moment it was planted, decreasing and equalling the A max of seedlings in the shelterwood cut by year 4 (Fig. 2 b). High regrowth of competing vegetation, forcing shade foliage development could explain this result. Acclimation to shade in spruces is known to occur at the expense of the A max (Grassi and Bagnaresi 2001; Dumais and Prévost 2008). In accordance with increasing shade, SLA of white spruce increased in year 4 (Fig. 3 d), and A max of red spruce also decline with the years (Fig. 2 c). However, adjusting leaf area can allow spruce to limit the impact of decreasing light availability on its global carbon gain (Evans and Poorter 2001). Nevertheless, competing vegetation influence on physiological performance was reported in other enrichment planting studies including spruce species (e.g., Hébert et al. 2013; Dumais et al. 2020; Bourque et al. 2022). Finally, white cedar was the only species for which the A max was globally higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Fig. 2 f). Conversely, we previously found that A max of planted white cedar decreased with increasing basal area removal intensity because competing vegetation cover increased simultaneously (Bourque et al. 2022). The contrasting result of the present experiment could be explained by the release treatment applied at year 2, which was probably sufficient for cedar to avoid A max decline during the observation period, contrary to spruce species. It is also possible that faster acclimation and higher height growth of cedar allowed it to free itself from competing vegetation regrowth. In accordance with our second hypothesis, a major finding emerging from our experiment is the lower seedling water stress (higher daytime xylem water potential, Ψ d ) for the two southern climate analogues of deciduous species in the patch clearcut (Fig. 4 a–c), where environment was generally warmer and dryer than in the shelterwood cut. That result suggests that southern provenances of black cherry, red oak and sugar maple could be more tolerant to drought than seedlings from local seed source and/or that current climate change started to affect local populations. This is contradictory to a greenhouse experiment using the same, unplanted, seedlings, where climate analogues of these species presented similar levels of tolerance to a reduction in water availability (Champagne et al. 2021). Long-term seedling physiological and growth monitoring in field conditions will be important to determine the real benefits of forest-assisted migration in changing climate, although our results suggest that assisted range expansion and assisted species migration can be undertaken without affecting the initial establishment of seedlings. For mid-century and end-century analogues of the red oak, lower Ψ d values were observed in the shelterwood cut than in the patch clearcut (Fig. 4 b). Yet, no effect of cutting on air relative humidity and soil water content was detected (Table 2 ). So, lower Ψ d values in the shelterwood cut suggest a limited water uptake in partial shade that could be associated to low root growth. Indeed, initial rapid height growth of sheltered deciduous tree seedlings can occur at the expense of the root system (Burger et al. 1996). In an underplanting red oak experiment, Bardon et al. (1999) reported that reduction in growth and survival of sheltered seedlings could be the results of unbalanced shoot-root ratio, competition for nutrients and other resources, net loss of daily carbon gain, or a combination of these factors. According to Parker and Dey (2008), regulation of the overstory density is determining for photosynthesis and both tree water status and water use efficiency of underplanted oak. It is also possible than southern red oak provenances used in our experiment (southern Quebec, Canada and Pennsylvania, USA) were less adapted to regenerate in the understory, unlike local oak. Finally, for white and red spruces, cutting effect on Ψ d rapidly disappeared in year 4, indicating some acclimation to clearcut conditions. This could indicate that root system of these spruce species and provenances was sufficiently extended after four years. Despite a negative impact on A max , it is also possible that the shade from competing vegetation regrowth was beneficial to reduce water stress of the spruces during acclimation phase (e.g., Man and Greenway 2011; Dumais and Prévost 2016). Conclusions Current forest management practices are challenged by climate change. Even if forest-assisted migration appears a promising means to facilitate the forest transition, its success depends on multiple factors (Gray et al. 2011; Benito-Garzón and Fernández-Manjarrés 2015; Park and Talbot 2018; Palik et al. 2022; Royo et al. 2023), such as species characteristics, seed provenance and silvicultural treatment selection. While seedlings in our experiment have so far faced few hurdles, partial forest overstory appears interesting to protect all seedling species from extreme environmental conditions. At this stage, all species studied were able to adjust their foliage morphology to deal with such shelterwood conditions. However, ecophysiological monitoring in subsequent years will be important to assess the need to manage the overstory, if the goal is to maximize future seedling performances. As we previously observed (e.g., Dumais et al. 2020; Bourque et al. 2022), physiological performance of slower growth spruces after the acclimation period (a few years) appears more impacted by the regrowth of the competing vegetation than by the presence of a partial overstory or not. When planted in open area, deciduous seedlings from mid-century and end-century climate analogues experienced lower water stress and possibly a better drought tolerance than local seed source. Overall, insights from this ecophysiological monitoring indicated that translocated southern seedlings perform as well as or better than local provenances, suggesting that they can acclimate to their new destination site. Declarations Author Contributions Conceptualization and methodology: Daniel Dumais (DD), Patricia Raymond (PR) and Emilie Champagne (EC); Formal analysis, investigation and writing - Original draft: DD.; Funding acquisition: PR; Visualization: DD; Writing - Review and editing: PR and EC. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding sources This experiment was financed by the Plan pour une économie verte (PEV, Government of Quebec) and is mainly part of project 112959367 (leader: PR). The experiment is also part of projects 112332136 (leader: PR) and 112332111 (leader: DD) conducted at the Direction de la recherche forestière (Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts du Québec). Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article. Data availability The data generated or analyzed in this experiment are not publicly available due to their ownership by the Government of Quebec but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request subject to a data-sharing agreement. Acknowledgments We firstly thank Xylobois and Rexforêt for the cutting operations, and Les Entreprises Steeve Couture Inc. for the cervid exclosures installation. We are indebted to Éric Saulnier, Serge Williams, Pierre-Luc Déchêne, Aimée Benoist-Chénier, Audrey Piché, Frédéric Mireault-Pelchat, Gabrielle Tremblay-Brassard, Étienne Duberger, Félix Bouchard, and many summer students and trainees over years for field and laboratory work, Isabelle Auger for help with statistical analyses, as well as two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their valuable comments. 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Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, 31 p. Park A., Rodgers J.L. 2023. Provenance trials in the service of forestry assisted migration: A review of North American field trials and experiments. For. Ecol. Manage. 537: 120854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120854 Park A., Talbot C. 2012. Assisted migration: uncertainty, risk and opportunity. For. Chron. 88: 412–419. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-077 Park A., Talbot C. 2018. Information underload: ecological complexity, incomplete knowledge, and data deficits create challenges for the assisted migration of forest trees. Bioscience 68: 251–263. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy001 Pataki D.E., Oren R., Smith W.K. 2000. Sap flux of co-occurring species in a western subalpine forest during seasonal soil drought. Ecology 81: 2557–2566. https://doi.org/10.2307/177474 Pedlar H.J., McKenney D.W., Aubin I., Beardmore T., Beaulieu J., Iverson L., O’Neill G.A., Winder R.S., Ste-Marie C. 2012. Placing Forestry in the Assisted Migration Debate. Bioscience 62: 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.10 Prévost M., DeBlois J. 2014. Shelterwood cutting to release coniferous advance growth and limit aspen sucker development in a boreal mixedwood stand. For. Ecol. Manage. 323: 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.015 Prévost M. 2008. Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch–conifer stands. Can. J. For. Res. 38: 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-168 Prévosto B., Monnier Y., Ripert C., Fernandez C. 2011. Can we use shelterwoods in Mediterranean pine forests to promote oak seedling development? For. Ecol. Manage. 262: 1426–1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.043 Raymond P., Champagne E., Dumais D., Royo A., Kern C., Périé C., Tremblay J.P., Munson A. (In preparation) Assisting tree migration in a mixedwood rehabilitation context: what are the optimal conditions for initial survival and growth? Raymond, P., Dumais, D. 2024. Ecological Silviculture for Yellow Birch – Conifer Mixedwoods in Eastern Canada. In: Ecological Silvicultural Systems: Exemplary Models for Sustainable Forest Management, First Edition. Edited by B.J. Palik and A.W. D’Amato. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York, NY, USA, p. 112-127. Refsland T.K., Adams B., Bronson D., Kern C.C., Marquardt P., McGraw A.M., Royo A.A., Miesel J.R. 2023. Synthesis of plant-soil feedback effects on eastern North American tree species: implications for climate-adaptive forestry. Front. Ecol. Evol. 11: 1073724. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1073724 Robitaille A., Saucier J.P. 1998. Paysages régionaux du Québec méridional. Les Publications du Québec, Sainte-Foy, 213 p. Royo A., Kern C.C., Raymond P., Adams B.T., Bronson D., Champagne E., Dumais D., Gustafson E., Marquardt P.E., McGraw A.M., Miesel J., Munson A.D., Périé C., Moreira F.J.T., Ola A., Bouchard M., Bissonnette, J.F. 2023. Desired REgeneration through Assisted Migration (DREAM): implementing a research framework for climate-adaptive silviculture. For. Ecol. Manage. 546: 121298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121298 Saucier J.P., Grondin P., Robitaille A., Gosselin J., Morneau C., Richard P.J.H., Brisson J., Sirois L., Leduc A., Morin H., Thiffault É., Gauthier S., Lavoie C., Payette S. 2009. Chapitre 4 — Écologie forestière. In: Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec (ed.), Manuel de foresterie, 2 nd ed. Éditions MultiMondes. Montréal, QC, p. 165–315. Sebastian-Azcona J., Hamann A., Hacke U.G., Rweyongeza D. 2019. Survival, growth and cold hardiness tradeoffs in white spruce populations: Implications for assisted migration. For. Ecol. Manage. 433: 544–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.046 Shepperd W.D., Edminster C.B., Mata S.A. 2006. Long-term seedfall, establishment, survival, and growth of natural and planted ponderosa pine in the Colorado Front Range. West. J. Appl. For. 21: 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.1.19 Silvestro R., Rossi S., Zhang S., Froment I., Huang J.G., Saracino A. 2019. From phenology to forest management: Ecotypes selection can avoid early or late frosts, but not both. For. Ecol. Manage. 436: 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.005 Sittaro F., Paquette A., Messier C., Nock C.A. 2017. Tree range expansion in eastern North America fails to keep pace with climate warming at northern range limits. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23: 3292–3301. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13622 Ste-Marie C., Nelson E.A., Dabros A., Bonneau M.E. 2011. Assisted migration: Introduction to a multifaceted concept. For. Chron. 87: 724–730. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-089 Verheyen K., Vanhellemont M., Stock T., Hermy M. 2007. Predicting patterns of invasion by black cherry ( Prunus serotina Ehrh.) in Flanders (Belgium) and its impact on the forest understorey community. Divers. Distrib. 13: 487–497. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i405969 Williams M.I., Dumroese R.K. 2013. Preparing for climate change: forestry and assisted migration. J. For. 111: 287–297. https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.13-016 Winder R., Nelson E.A., Beardmore T. 2011. Ecological implications for assisted migration in Canadian forests. For. Chron. 87: 731–744. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-090 Zhu K., Woodall C., Clark J.S. 2011. Failure to migrate: Lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change. Glob. Chang. Biol. 18: 1042–1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02571.x Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in New Forests → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 09 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 27 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 05 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 05 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 04 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4689227","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":326472712,"identity":"10d37875-e67c-40f3-9bd0-5db7fb8ef827","order_by":0,"name":"Daniel Dumais","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts du Québec","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"","lastName":"Dumais","suffix":""},{"id":326472713,"identity":"52c04a41-c6fc-4baa-8051-a77e87344c4b","order_by":1,"name":"Patricia Raymond","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts du Québec","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Patricia","middleName":"","lastName":"Raymond","suffix":""},{"id":326472714,"identity":"7396d7eb-f6ea-48d3-9862-5bb619f196da","order_by":2,"name":"Emilie Champagne","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts du Québec","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emilie","middleName":"","lastName":"Champagne","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-05 02:57:41","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4689227/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4689227/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-024-10089-z","type":"published","date":"2024-12-30T15:57:17+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":61404794,"identity":"25fae4cc-92b4-4664-add8-b97a17b44c65","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-30 10:42:41","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":181648,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePost-planting (year 2: 2020, year 3: 2021, and year 4: 2022) daily maximum (Max, orange and yellow lines) and daily minimum (Min, blue lines) air temperatures for the patch clearcut (C) and the shelterwood cut (S).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4689227/v1/2dd841ed6b3e473b3aa39ba8.png"},{"id":61404793,"identity":"983b5caf-1b73-4a71-9df1-10c1c88a2787","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-30 10:42:41","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":43720,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSignificant effects (C: cutting, Y: year) observed for light-saturated photosynthesis (A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e) of seedlings according to the different species. Error bars represent standard error.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4689227/v1/48f595faf8d890eb9268af66.png"},{"id":61404795,"identity":"79754f9f-16b3-4120-b9a6-4b7522534d04","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-30 10:42:41","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSignificant effects (C: cutting, Y: year) observed for specific leaf area (SLA) of seedlings according to the different species. Error bars represent standard error.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4689227/v1/697aa6b5b5f9b4bc3bd3a17a.png"},{"id":61404797,"identity":"414b8222-898f-460a-8ce6-b007b88fd443","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-30 10:42:42","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":26509,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSignificant effects (C: cutting, A: climate analogue, Y: year) observed for daytime shoot water potential (Y\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) of seedlings according to the different species. For a same cutting treatment (patch clearcut or shelterwood cut), different letters (e.g., A vs. B, or a vs. b) indicate a significant difference between climate analogues (current, mid-century, end-century). Error bars represent standard error.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4689227/v1/4de55b3bebd85c1e2085ecfa.png"},{"id":73095312,"identity":"8b315895-f7ef-4601-9fc3-12eb2d74557f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-06 16:24:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1831281,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4689227/v1/9ba1a673-5438-4460-9234-a678408057c7.pdf"},{"id":61404796,"identity":"dc6f7dd0-6af1-41a7-aa27-e6f8e375b51e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-30 10:42:41","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":40670,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4689227/v1/98ad08870d02d5e671c1dc78.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Translocated southern seedlings perform as well as local provenances: insights from an ecophysiological monitoring under varying cutting modalities","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eForests worldwide are and will continue to be challenged by climate change. The magnitude of these changes (e.g., air and soil temperature increase, drought severity and frequency) is generally more rapid than the northward or altitudinal migration capacity of most tree species (Aitken et al. 2008; Loarie et al. 2009; Sittaro et al. 2017). Consequently, we anticipate maladaptation problems, loss of productivity, increase of mortality and loss of species in many forest ecosystems (Zhu et al. 2011; Williams and Dumroese 2013; Harrison 2020; Messier et al. 2022). Thus, we may face an important reduction in key ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, habitat provisioning, and forest products by the end of this century (Royo et al. 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest assisted migration (i.e., the human-mediated movement of tree populations or species) is among the adaptive silvicultural tools that could help forest transition to future climate conditions while maintaining productivity and ecosystem services (Millar et al. 2007; Ste-Marie et al. 2011; Pedlar et al. 2012; Benito-Garz\u0026oacute;n and Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Manjarr\u0026eacute;s 2015; Park and Rodgers 2023; Royo et al. 2023). More precisely, it consists of planting seedlings produced from southern provenances (i.e., seed sources) and species, that could be more adapted to future climate conditions than local provenances (Williams and Dumroese 2013; Park and Talbot 2018). Forest assisted migration, however, raises some concerns and uncertainties that can seriously compromise our adaptive efforts (Gray et al. 2011; Park and Talbot 2012). In the short term, translocated seedlings must survive, acclimate, and grow in current local conditions (Corlett and Westcott 2013). To alleviate this risk, it is crucial to select an appropriate transfer distance that will minimize maladaptation risks. In this regard, moving populations or expanding their range is likely less risky than moving species beyond their current distribution range (Winder et al. 2011; Dumroese et al. 2015). For forest assisted migration to be successful, managers need to select planting stock appropriate for their region and the range of conditions that migrating seedlings can tolerate (Royo et al. 2023). Another solution to minimize short-term maladaptation risk is to use a combination of silvicultural treatments that will facilitate the acclimation process by improving environmental conditions. For example, full light exposure is beneficial to maximize seedling carbon gain, root growth, and establishment (Burdett 1990; Margolis and Brand 1990). In contrast, the presence of a partial overstory can be useful for southern provenances or non-local species if, for example, a late spring frost event occurs (Sebastian-Azcona et al. 2019). By reducing the daily and extreme air and soil temperatures (even by a few degrees), a partial overstory can be beneficial for species like red spruce (\u003cem\u003ePicea rubens\u003c/em\u003e Sarg.) that are particularly sensitive to heat stress during the establishment phase and at the juvenile stage (Alexander et al. 1995). Moreover, partial overstory can produce an understory environment with a higher relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentrations than the ambient environment (Minter et al. 1992).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological metrics, because they respond rapidly to the environment, provide immediate information enabling an adaptive management strategy, which could be used to determine ideal provenances for forest assisted migration. So far, only a handful of studies have investigated the ecophysiology of several tree provenances and species at the same planting site (Park and Rodgers 2023). Consequently, our knowledge of the interplay between climate, growth, and ecophysiology is incomplete for many commercial tree species (reviewed by Park and Rodgers 2023). In this context, examining the initial physiological response and performance of planted seedlings is crucial before recommending and implementing forest assisted migration at a large scale. To fill this need, we evaluated the initial ecophysiological response of seedlings planted in the first experimental site of the DREAM Network (Royo et al. 2023). We established this experiment in 2018 in yellow birch (\u003cem\u003eBetula alleghaniensis\u003c/em\u003e Britt.) \u0026ndash; conifer temperate mixedwood stands in Quebec, Canada (Raymond and Dumais 2024). We planted tree seedlings of different provenances and species in mixture in both patch clearcut and regular shelterwood system (Royo et al. 2023; Raymond et al., in prep.). Using this experiment, we aim to 1) characterize the basic ecophysiology of forest-assisted migration planted seedlings, 2) understand relationships between environmental conditions (open area vs. partial overstory) and the physiological response of seedlings (e.g., gas exchange and water potential), and 3) determine the most favourable treatment combinations (environmental conditions vs. species and provenances) to promote ecophysiological seedling performance. We hypothesized that partial overstory will reduce physiological performance (e.g., photosynthesis rate) of seedlings, but also the occurrence of stress (e.g., during drought and frost events). We also hypothesized that seedlings from southern provenances would perform as well as or better than seedlings from local provenances, because their parent trees are adapted to warmer and drier conditions (e.g., less water stress or better water use efficiency in fully exposed area).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eExperimental site and design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe conducted the present experiment in yellow birch \u0026ndash; conifer stands located 95 km northwest of Quebec City, near the Lac des Amanites in the R\u0026eacute;serve faunique de Portneuf (Quebec, Canada; lat. 47.128\u0026deg; N, long. \u0026minus;72.409\u0026deg; W). Stands grow on fertile sites with high growth potential in the western balsam fir (\u003cem\u003eAbies balsamea\u003c/em\u003e [L.] Mill.) \u0026ndash; yellow birch bioclimatic domain (ecoregion 4cM, Saucier et al. 2009). The selection of sites with rich and well drained soils would maximize the yield on investments (Cogliastro and Paquette 2012). This forest area is characterized by a high hill topography with rounded summits (altitude: around 365 m) and podzolic soils developed from deep glacial till (Robitaille and Saucier 1998). More details on management history, landscape context, climate and pre-harvest attributes are presented in Royo et al. (2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment is a factorial design (split-split-split block) with four complete randomized blocks (repetitions) and four treatments: cutting (patch clearcut vs. shelterwood cut, in main plots), large herbivores exclusion (exclosure installation), competing vegetation control (mechanical release during the second growing season after planting) and provenances (Royo et al. 2023; Raymond et al., in prep.). In the present ecophysiological study, we only considered the cutting and provenance treatments, taking measurements on seedling protected from large herbivores and with the competing vegetation removed. In the summer of 2017, we removed all trees in the patch clearcut (140 m \u0026times; 86 m). In the shelterwood cut (same time and size), we removed uniformly 40% of the merchantable basal area. We conserved healthy trees with good growth potential (Majcen et al. 1990) and long-lived species (e.g., yellow birch, red spruce).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach main plot comprises mixed plantings associated to three different geographical provenances: local (current climate of the plantation site [2018]), the mid-century climate predicted for the plantation site [2050] and the end-century climate predicted for the site [2080]) (Royo et al. 2023; Raymond et al., in prep.). We calculated climate analogues with GIECC data using dissimilarity matrix, based on three variables: mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and minimum temperature in May (Champagne et al. 2021; Royo et al. 2023). For example, the white pine (\u003cem\u003ePinus strobus\u003c/em\u003e L.) seeds to produce the end-century climate analogue were collected in New York state, USA.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePlant material and planting conditions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe provincial government tree nursery of Berthierville (QC, Canada) cultivated seedlings of all species and analogues under the same conditions. Containerized seedlings of nine species were produced (4 deciduous trees and 5 conifers): black cherry (\u003cem\u003ePrunus serotina\u003c/em\u003e [Erhr.]), northern red oak (\u003cem\u003eQuercus rubra\u003c/em\u003e L.), sugar maple (\u003cem\u003eAcer saccharum\u003c/em\u003e Marsh.), shagbark hickory (\u003cem\u003eCarya ovata\u003c/em\u003e [Miller] K. Koch), white spruce (\u003cem\u003ePicea glauca\u003c/em\u003e [Moench] Voss), red spruce, white pine, red pine (\u003cem\u003ePinus resinosa\u003c/em\u003e Ait.) and northern white cedar (\u003cem\u003eThuja occidentalis\u003c/em\u003e L.). Conifer species were sown in the spring of 2017 in micro-cell containers and transplanted in larger container (IPL\u0026reg; [Saint-Damien, QC, Canada] 25\u0026ndash;310 containers: 25 cells, 310 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e each) to produce large-sized seedlings (2-year production). Deciduous species were sown in the spring of 2018 and container-grown (IPL 28\u0026ndash;340 containers: 28 cells, 340 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e each) until August 2018 (1growing season production).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFew weeks before planting (June 2018), the patch clearcut was scarified with a powered TTS disk trencher (Timberjack 560D) to uniformize site conditions and facilitate tree planting. Shelterwood cutover was not deliberately scarified, but summer logging operations allowed passive ground scarification by forest machinery. We planted seedlings in August 2018, except for the shagbark hickory, which required two growing seasons and was planted in May 2020, before the second growing season began. Planting was realized using 12 rows of 9 seedlings (one per species, with random layout and 2 m spacing; see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e in Royo et al. 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEnvironmental monitoring\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo characterize environmental conditions, we monitored daily variations of photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR) (Photon Flux Sensor, Model QSO-S, Meter Group Inc., USA), atmospheric pressure, air temperature and humidity (VP-4 Sensor [Temp/RH/Barometer], Part #40023) at 1.3 m above ground. We also measured soil temperature and humidity (5TM Soil moisture and temp sensor, Part #40635) at the humus and mineral soil interface. We installed eight meteorological stations (2 per block) equipped with a data logger (Em50 Digital Decagon, Part #40800).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePhysiological monitoring\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo detect the occurrence of physiological stress, we monitored basic physiology by selecting a subsample of plants in three blocks. We sampled the year after planting (year 1, mid-July 2019) and the following three (years 2 to 4, 2020 to 2022), twice during each growing season (mid-July and mid-August). We excluded shagbark hickory as it was planted later than the other 8 species. In each experimental unit (block \u0026times; cutting \u0026times; climate analogue), we randomly selected 1 planting row (8 trees) for a total of 144 observations at each sampling date (3 blocks \u0026times; 2 cutting treatments \u0026times; 3 climate analogues \u0026times; 8 species). All selected trees were free of pests, pathogens, and morphological defects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe measured transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e), light-saturated photosynthesis (A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e) and water use efficiency (WUE, calculated as A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026times; E\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) between 8:30 AM and 4:30 PM (solar time) using a portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400XT, LI-COR BioSciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e is appropriate to estimate the photosynthetic capacity (Man and Lieffers 1997) and the physiological acclimation (Mitchell 2001). A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e, E and g\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e are often interrelated, and their status can be explained by the others. For example, a decline in E during a high atmospheric evaporative demand (e.g., Pataki et al. 2000) can be the result of a partial stomata closure to maintain daytime xylem water potential (Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) above a critical threshold (Bond et al. 1999), reducing g\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e, and consequently A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e (Dang et al. 1997). We conducted these gas exchange measurements at ambient CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e concentration (~\u0026thinsp;410 ppm), using the current-year foliage on a random lateral branch in the seedling upper half. Light saturation (photosynthetic photon flux density: 1500 \u0026micro;mol\u0026middot;m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026middot;s\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) was provided by the 6400\u0026ndash;18 RGB light source (LICOR). Air temperature and relative humidity inside the chamber were respectively maintained at 22\u0026deg;C (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4\u0026deg;C) and 50% (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter gas exchange measurements, we used the same branch to determine Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e with a pressure chamber (Model 600, PMS Instruments Co., Corvallis, OR, USA). Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e is useful to assess seedling water stress and it can explain status of other physiological variables. To determine the specific leaf area (SLA = [needle area] \u0026times; [needle dry weight]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;1\u003c/sup\u003e), we collected the branch, enclosed it in a plastic bag, placed in a portable cooler, and transferred to a cold room (\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;10\u0026deg;C) at the end of the day. In the laboratory, we scanned the foliage and determined its projected area using imaging software (WinFOLIA for deciduous species, WinSEEDLE for spruces and pines, and WinRHIZO for cedar; R\u0026eacute;gent Instruments Inc., Quebec, QC, Canada). We dried needles at 65\u0026deg;C for 48 h and we weighed them. SLA is correlated to light availability and is an indicator of foliage acclimation to environmental conditions (Mailly and Kimmins 1997).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe performed statistical analyses using the MIXED procedure of the SAS software (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). We made analyses of variance to determine significant differences according to cutting treatment (patch clearcut vs. shelterwood cut) for the following monthly meteorological data: extreme minimal and maximal air temperatures (the lowest and highest air temperature observed during the month), mean daily minimal and maximal air temperatures, air relative humidity, soil water content and temperature, and maximum photosynthetically active radiation. For physiological variables (e.g., A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e), we calculated the data average from the two sampling dates for each species. We analyzed species separately to avoid the confounding effect of foliage morphology. We performed analyses of variance for repeated measures with a first-order autoregressive structure (AR[1]) for all physiological data. Cutting treatment, climate analogue, year and their interactions were considered as fixed effects, whereas block was considered as a random effect. Variance homogeneity and normality of residuals were verified graphically. All tests were considered significant at α\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEnvironmental conditions\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe cutting treatment had a significant effect on air temperature during the growing season, with shelterwood cut generating slightly colder and less variable conditions (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Mean daily maximum was higher in the patch clearcut (+0.7 to +2.5\u0026deg;C) than in the shelterwood cut for all months with the years (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Mean daily minimum varied less in response to the cutting treatment and was 1\u0026deg;C lower in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut, but only in June and July 2020 (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The cutting treatment affected extreme air temperatures only in some periods of the growing season (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Extreme monthly minimum was significantly lower in the patch clearcut (\u0026minus;1.0 to \u0026minus;2.2\u0026deg;C) than in the shelterwood cut, particularly at the beginning and at the end of the growing season (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). For the entire studied period, the latest frost occurred on June 14, 2020 (\u0026minus;0.4\u0026deg;C in the clearcut), and the earliest frost occurred on September 15, 2020 (\u0026minus;0.8\u0026deg;C also in the clearcut). Extreme monthly maximum was significantly higher in the patch clearcut (+0.9 to +2.8\u0026deg;C) than in the shelterwood cut, mainly in the middle of the growing season (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). For the studied period, extreme maximum air temperature was observed on June 20, 2020 (34.3\u0026deg;C in the clearcut).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean daily minimum and maximum air temperatures (\u0026deg;C), extreme minimum and maximum values (\u0026deg;C) and associated probabilities (P) of analyses of variance for the effects of the cutting treatment (patch clearcut or shelterwood cut). Numbers in bold are statistically significant (\u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExtreme minimum values\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean daily minimum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean daily maximum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExtreme maximum values\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026minus;2.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026minus;1.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.031\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.037\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.023\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.038\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e27.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026minus;4.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026minus;3.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.261\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.026\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.038\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e22.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e22.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e27.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.032\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.049\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;6.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;4.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.578\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.738\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.010\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.035\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.757\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.569\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"18\"\u003eNA: Data not available, i.e., statistics could not have been calculated because only data of one block (one repetition) were available.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe cutting treatment had also effects on other environmental variables. Monthly mean daily soil temperature was generally higher in the clearcut (+1.5 to +2.1\u0026deg;C) than in the shelterwood cut at the exception of 2022 (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Monthly mean daily maximum PAR was 1.5 to 2.9 times higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut. However, the cutting treatment had no significative effect on monthly mean daily air relative humidity and soil water content (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean daily air relative humidity (%), soil water content (%), soil temperature (\u0026deg;C), maximum photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, \u0026micro;mol\u0026middot;m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026middot;s\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) and associated probabilities (P) of analyses of variance for the effects of the cutting treatment (patch clearcut or shelterwood cut). Numbers in bold are statistically significant (\u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAir relative humidity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil water content\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil temperature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaximum PAR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClearcut\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShelterwood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.665\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1534\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1054\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.557\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.041\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1711\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e905\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.859\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.025\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1578\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e761\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.535\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.035\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1573\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e704\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1105\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e492\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.047\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1532\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e924\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.644\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.030\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1572\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e775\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.573\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.018\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1650\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e760\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.283\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.042\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1418\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e578\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.747\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.257\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1105\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e383\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.641\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.728\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1406\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e847\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.739\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.621\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1542\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e797\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.679\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.570\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1675\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e903\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.038\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1487\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e804\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e514\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"19\"\u003eNA: Data not available, i.e., statistics could not have been calculated because only data of one block (one repetition) were available.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSeedling physiology\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor most of the species (5 out of 8), light-saturated photosynthesis (A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e) was not affected by the cutting treatment. For black cherry and white spruce, A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e was significantly affected by the interaction between cutting and year (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ea and \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ed). For the first three years, A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of black cherry was no different between cutting treatments, but at year 4, it was 43% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ea). Inversely, for the first three years, A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of white spruce was 12\u0026ndash;31% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut, but at year 4, it was no different between cutting treatments (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eb). A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of red spruce decreased with the years (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ee), with a reduction of 52% between years 1 and 4 (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ec). A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of white and red pine fluctuated with the years (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ef\u0026ndash;g), with lower values in year 3 (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ed\u0026ndash;e). For white cedar, A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e (all year confounded) was 37% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eh; Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ef).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecific leaf area (SLA) was significantly higher in the shelterwood cut than in the patch clearcut for all species, but with year fluctuations for some species. SLA of black cherry was 50% higher in the shelterwood cut (282 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g) than in the patch clearcut (189; Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ea), and it decreased by 33% with the years, from 281 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g in year 1 to 188 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g in year 4 (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ea). SLA of red oak and sugar maple were globally 30% and 36% higher, respectively, in the shelterwood cut (267 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g and 254 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g, respectively) than in the patch clearcut (204 and 187; Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eb\u0026ndash;c) and fluctuated with the years (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eb\u0026ndash;c). SLA of white and red spruce were 41% and 23% higher in the shelterwood cut (65 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g and 66 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g) than in the patch clearcut (46 and 54; Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ed\u0026ndash;e), and they increased by 14% and 22% with the years, from 55 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g and 54 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g in year 1 to 62 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g and 65 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g in year 4 (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ed\u0026ndash;e). For white and red pine, SLA was affected by the interaction between cutting and year (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ef\u0026ndash;g; Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ef\u0026ndash;g). Globally, SLA of white and red pine were 27% and 36% higher, respectively, in the shelterwood cut (104 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g and 71 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g) than in the patch clearcut (82 and 52). Finally, SLA of white cedar (all year confounded) was 23% higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eh; Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eh).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe xylem daytime water potential (\u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) of the three deciduous species was significantly affected by the interaction between cutting and climate analogue (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ea\u0026ndash;c). In the patch clearcut, \u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e of black cherry, red oak and sugar maple current climate analogues were lower by 25\u0026ndash;34% than those of mid- and end-century climate analogues (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003ea\u0026ndash;c). For the conifer species, cutting and year influenced \u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e, but not the climate analogues. For the two spruce species, \u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e was affected by the interaction between cutting and year (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ed\u0026ndash;e). In year 3, \u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e of white and red spruce were lower in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut, but they were no different between cutting treatments in year 4 (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003ed\u0026ndash;e). Finally, \u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e of white pine was 16% lower in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ef; Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003ef).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther physiological variables such as transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e) and water use efficiency (WUE), were mainly affected by the year with no increasing or decreasing trend but rather annual fluctuations with a few exceptions. For black cherry and sugar maple, WUE was significantly affected by the interaction between the cutting treatment and year (Table S1). As a result, WUE of black cherry increased with the years (3.7 to 4.9 \u0026micro;mol CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/mol H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) in the patch clearcut (annual fluctuations in the shelterwood cut), while the WUE of sugar maple decreased with the years (4.7 to 2.3) in the shelterwood cut (slight annual fluctuations in the clearcut). For white cedar, E and g\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e were higher in the patch clearcut (2.5 mmol H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026middot;s and 0.17 mol CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026middot;s, respectively) than in the shelterwood cut (1.9 and 0.13; P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005 and 0.018). Finally, WUE of white cedar was lower (Table S1) for end-century climate analogues (3.4 \u0026micro;mol CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/mol H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) than for the two other analogues (4.2).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;3.\u003c/strong\u003e Analyses of variance for repeated measures and associated probabilities for the effects of the cutting treatment (C: patch clearcut vs. shelterwood cut) and climate analogues (A: current, mid-century, end-century) on light-saturated photosynthesis (A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e), specific leaf area (SLA) and daytime shoot water potential (\u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) of seedlings according to the different species. Numbers in bold are statistically significant\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(a\u0026nbsp;= 0.05). F = F value, P = \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value, df = degrees of freedom reported as numerator, denominator.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"609\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.355263157894736%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" colspan=\"5\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2163%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.519736842105264%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.519736842105264%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 27.9147%;\" colspan=\"3\"\u003eSLA\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.026315789473685%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.026315789473685%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 20.5255%;\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource of variation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDeciduous species\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ea)\u0026nbsp;Black cherry\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n 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style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.595\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.415\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.520\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.015\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear (Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 27.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.974\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 27.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 27.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.893\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.585\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 27.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eb)\u0026nbsp;Red oak\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 3.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.682\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.550\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 2, 7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.041\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 27.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 27.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.448\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.535\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 27.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.011\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 27.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ec)\u0026nbsp;Sugar maple\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.286\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.910\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.848\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.427\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.887\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.760\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.828\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.618\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eConifers\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ed) White spruce\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 15.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.508\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 15.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.291\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.555\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 31.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 31.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.049\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.516\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.049\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 31.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.819\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.316912972085387%\" style=\"width: 12.8001%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC \u0026acute; A \u0026acute; Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.35960591133005%\" style=\"width: 5.2966%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 31.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 1.177%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.075533661740558%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.0311986863711%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9.1219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.596\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.9704433497536946%\" style=\"width: 8.5385%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.866995073891626%\" style=\"width: 7.8819%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\" style=\"width: 8.092%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.717569786535304%\" style=\"width: 10.8874%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.80623973727422%\" style=\"width: 6.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.374384236453203%\" style=\"width: 5.1495%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.060755336617405%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.553366174055829%\" style=\"width: 6.6207%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.927\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;3.\u003c/strong\u003e (continued)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"600\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.706176961602672%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.208681135225376%\" colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2.003338898163606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.87312186978297%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSLA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8363939899833055%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.37228714524207%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Psi;\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource of variation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ee)\u0026nbsp;Red spruce\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n 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width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 28.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 30.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n 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width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 30.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.024\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 28.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n 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pine\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n 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width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n 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width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 31.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n 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width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 31.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.960\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 31.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.686\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.900\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.861\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eg)\u0026nbsp;Red pine\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.868\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.813\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n 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width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eh)\u0026nbsp;White cedar\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n 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width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 9.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.006\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 9.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.864\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 9.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.381\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 23.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.737\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3, 23.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.775\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u0026nbsp;\u0026acute;\u0026nbsp;Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 23.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.357\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC \u0026acute; A \u0026acute; Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.333333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6, 23.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.833333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.547\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.8333333333333333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2, 12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.166666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.666666666666667%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEnvironmental conditions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this experiment, we examined the initial physiological response of eight tree species and three provenances (climate analogues) in two contrasting environments with the aim to optimize seedling acclimation to current conditions in a context of forest assisted migration. As expected, cutting treatment had the most significant impact on the microclimatic environment surrounding seedlings, particularly for light availability and temperatures. Light availability in the shelterwood cut represented 51% of the patch clearcut light availability during the growing seasons of 2020 to 2022, based on mean maximum PAR. Under a similar 40% basal area removal in yellow birch \u0026ndash; conifer stands in Quebec, Pr\u0026eacute;vost (2008) found that light availability was 22% of the availability in the patch clearcut during the first post-cut year. In our experiment, less vigorous trees with an open crown and with lesser structural attributes could explain the higher shelterwood post-cut light transmission.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the context of climate change and forest assisted migration, a higher minimum air temperature during the bud break period appears interesting to limit late frost damage on seedlings (e.g., Groot and Carlson 1996; Langvall and \u0026Ouml;rlander 2001; Silvestro et al. 2019; Mura et al. 2022). The presence of an overstory generally decreases air and soil temperatures during the day and increases night temperatures in comparison with open area like a clearcut (e.g., Childs and Flint 1987; Carlson and Groot 1997; Langvall and \u0026Ouml;rlander 2001; Likens et al. 2004). In our experiment, cutting affected mainly extreme monthly minimum, daily maximum, and extreme monthly maximum air temperatures, generally elevating the minimum and decreasing the maximum temperature in the shelterwood cut compared to the patch clearcut (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). This difference looks effective for alleviating frost damage risk: northern red oaks were damaged by late frost in year 2 (June 2020) and year 3 (May 2021), but the damage mainly occurred in the patch clearcut where 86% of the seedlings were damaged vs. only 5% in the shelterwood cut (Parent 2022, unpublished data). Similarly, Groot and Carlson (1996) reported that nearly 75% of the white spruce seedlings in a clearcut had medium to heavy spring frost damage, while only 2% of the understory seedlings were frost damaged.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcerning soil temperature, it was around 2\u0026deg;C lower in the shelterwood cut (14.7\u0026deg;C) than in the patch clearcut (16.6\u0026deg;C), between June and August. Similarly, Pr\u0026eacute;vost (2008) found that soil temperature under uniform partial cuts removing 40\u0026ndash;60% of the basal area was lower by 4\u0026ndash;5\u0026deg;C (year 1 post-cut) to 1\u0026ndash;2\u0026deg;C (year 5) than in a patch clearcut. Difference between the two post-cut contrasting environments with the years resulted from decrease of solar radiation reaching the soil surface associated with post-cut vegetation regrowth. Carlson and Groot (1997) also reported that the difference in soil temperature among overstory openings were greatest early in the season, and diminished as regeneration of shrubs, herbs, and grasses developed. Similarly, in our experiment conducted in stands growing on rich sites, cutting effect on soil temperature was detected only in the first three post-cut years. In the patch clearcut, rapid regrowth of the shrub layer and other competing species sheltering soil surface from solar radiation likely wipe out significant soil temperature difference with shelterwood cut from the year 4 (2022). Thus, all effects of cutting on microclimate reported here likely affected physiology and growth of planted seedlings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEffects on seedling physiology\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eContrary to our first hypothesis, cutting had little impact on short-term photosynthetic capacity (A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e) of seedlings, suggesting that shade created by the residual overstory was insufficient to affect this physiological trait for most of the studied species (5 out of 8). However, consistent higher specific leaf area in the shelterwood cut in comparison with the patch clearcut (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) suggests adjustment in leaf morphology because the residual overstory did not provide optimal light conditions to maximize carbon gain over the whole growing season. Such partial overstory seems adequate to acclimate and establish seedlings by reducing microclimate extremes (e.g., late frost) or the occurrence of other damaging agents (e.g., pine weevil attack on white pine; Ostry et al. 2010). However, overstory closure (e.g., Pr\u0026eacute;vost 2008) and the rapid development of understory competing vegetation (e.g., Paquette et al. 2006) in the next years could impair physiology, growth, and survival of least shade-tolerant species like pines and red oak (Hannah 1988; Shepperd et al. 2006; Pr\u0026eacute;vosto et al. 2011). Removal of the protective shelterwood cover is usually performed 5\u0026ndash;15 years after cutting (Pr\u0026eacute;vost and DeBlois 2014), either totally, partially, or progressively (Day et al.2011; Cogliastro and Paquette 2012). Trends in A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e and specific leaf area (SLA) with the years can inform us about the evolution of light conditions and the relevance to open the overstory to maintain or increase physiological and growth performance, and ultimately to avoid seedling suppression and mortality. For example, to satisfy light requirements of underplanted red oak and black cherry and produce a significant number of competitively trees, Cogliastro and Paquette (2012) showed that double overstory thinning at year 3 and 7 was necessary. This highlights the importance to continue ecophysiological monitoring, particularly to determine the best timing to manage the shelterwood cover, especially for translocated species and provenances that might be more susceptible to extreme conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor some species (3 out of 8), photosynthetic capacity was influenced by cutting. This was the case for the shade-intolerant black cherry where A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e was higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut at year 4 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ea), corroborating our first hypothesis. However, low initial A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e or delayed A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e difference between the two cutting treatments and increasing water use efficiency (WUE) with the years suggest that this displaced species experienced significant planting stress (Grossnickle 2005). Black cherry is a newcomer to the balsam fir \u0026ndash; yellow birch bioclimatic domain, representing a riskier type of assisted migration, i.e., assisted species migration, and thus perhaps more susceptible to planting stress. Such a stress could arise from low initial root growth (Burdett 1990; Margolis and Brand 1990) and/or mycorrhizal development (Refsland et al. 2023), particularly in a stressful post-clearcut environment. Poor root system size and distribution generally affect seedlings water uptake and nutrition which are susceptible to decrease A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e (Burdett 1990; Grossnickle 2005). Moreover, the abnormally warm and dry spring of 2020 (year 2) coupled with simultaneous competing vegetation release treatment could have a direct negative impact on A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e and WUE. It is reported that a partial overstory is required for the optimal establishment of black cherry, but that more sunlight is necessary afterwards to ensure continued growth (Marquis 1990; Verheyen et al. 2007; Cogliastro and Paquette 2012). Once the critical establishment period done, the drought tolerance of black cherry (Gilman and Watson 1994) makes it a good candidate species in the context of adaptation to climate change. Black cherry was the only species in our experiment whose SLA consistently decreased with the years (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ea), likely because its rapid height growth allows it to rapidly escape from light interference created by competing vegetation. By contrast, A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of white spruce was higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut from the moment it was planted, decreasing and equalling the A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of seedlings in the shelterwood cut by year 4 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eb). High regrowth of competing vegetation, forcing shade foliage development could explain this result. Acclimation to shade in spruces is known to occur at the expense of the A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e (Grassi and Bagnaresi 2001; Dumais and Pr\u0026eacute;vost 2008). In accordance with increasing shade, SLA of white spruce increased in year 4 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003ed), and A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of red spruce also decline with the years (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ec). However, adjusting leaf area can allow spruce to limit the impact of decreasing light availability on its global carbon gain (Evans and Poorter 2001). Nevertheless, competing vegetation influence on physiological performance was reported in other enrichment planting studies including spruce species (e.g., H\u0026eacute;bert et al. 2013; Dumais et al. 2020; Bourque et al. 2022). Finally, white cedar was the only species for which the A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e was globally higher in the patch clearcut than in the shelterwood cut (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ef). Conversely, we previously found that A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e of planted white cedar decreased with increasing basal area removal intensity because competing vegetation cover increased simultaneously (Bourque et al. 2022). The contrasting result of the present experiment could be explained by the release treatment applied at year 2, which was probably sufficient for cedar to avoid A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e decline during the observation period, contrary to spruce species. It is also possible that faster acclimation and higher height growth of cedar allowed it to free itself from competing vegetation regrowth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn accordance with our second hypothesis, a major finding emerging from our experiment is the lower seedling water stress (higher daytime xylem water potential, Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) for the two southern climate analogues of deciduous species in the patch clearcut (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003ea\u0026ndash;c), where environment was generally warmer and dryer than in the shelterwood cut. That result suggests that southern provenances of black cherry, red oak and sugar maple could be more tolerant to drought than seedlings from local seed source and/or that current climate change started to affect local populations. This is contradictory to a greenhouse experiment using the same, unplanted, seedlings, where climate analogues of these species presented similar levels of tolerance to a reduction in water availability (Champagne et al. 2021). Long-term seedling physiological and growth monitoring in field conditions will be important to determine the real benefits of forest-assisted migration in changing climate, although our results suggest that assisted range expansion and assisted species migration can be undertaken without affecting the initial establishment of seedlings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor mid-century and end-century analogues of the red oak, lower Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e values were observed in the shelterwood cut than in the patch clearcut (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eb). Yet, no effect of cutting on air relative humidity and soil water content was detected (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). So, lower Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e values in the shelterwood cut suggest a limited water uptake in partial shade that could be associated to low root growth. Indeed, initial rapid height growth of sheltered deciduous tree seedlings can occur at the expense of the root system (Burger et al. 1996). In an underplanting red oak experiment, Bardon et al. (1999) reported that reduction in growth and survival of sheltered seedlings could be the results of unbalanced shoot-root ratio, competition for nutrients and other resources, net loss of daily carbon gain, or a combination of these factors. According to Parker and Dey (2008), regulation of the overstory density is determining for photosynthesis and both tree water status and water use efficiency of underplanted oak. It is also possible than southern red oak provenances used in our experiment (southern Quebec, Canada and Pennsylvania, USA) were less adapted to regenerate in the understory, unlike local oak. Finally, for white and red spruces, cutting effect on Ψ\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e rapidly disappeared in year 4, indicating some acclimation to clearcut conditions. This could indicate that root system of these spruce species and provenances was sufficiently extended after four years. Despite a negative impact on A\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e, it is also possible that the shade from competing vegetation regrowth was beneficial to reduce water stress of the spruces during acclimation phase (e.g., Man and Greenway 2011; Dumais and Pr\u0026eacute;vost 2016).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eCurrent forest management practices are challenged by climate change. Even if forest-assisted migration appears a promising means to facilitate the forest transition, its success depends on multiple factors (Gray et al. 2011; Benito-Garz\u0026oacute;n and Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Manjarr\u0026eacute;s 2015; Park and Talbot 2018; Palik et al. 2022; Royo et al. 2023), such as species characteristics, seed provenance and silvicultural treatment selection. While seedlings in our experiment have so far faced few hurdles, partial forest overstory appears interesting to protect all seedling species from extreme environmental conditions. At this stage, all species studied were able to adjust their foliage morphology to deal with such shelterwood conditions. However, ecophysiological monitoring in subsequent years will be important to assess the need to manage the overstory, if the goal is to maximize future seedling performances. As we previously observed (e.g., Dumais et al. 2020; Bourque et al. 2022), physiological performance of slower growth spruces after the acclimation period (a few years) appears more impacted by the regrowth of the competing vegetation than by the presence of a partial overstory or not. When planted in open area, deciduous seedlings from mid-century and end-century climate analogues experienced lower water stress and possibly a better drought tolerance than local seed source. Overall, insights from this ecophysiological monitoring indicated that translocated southern seedlings perform as well as or better than local provenances, suggesting that they can acclimate to their new destination site.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization and methodology: Daniel Dumais (DD), Patricia Raymond (PR) and Emilie Champagne (EC); Formal analysis, investigation and writing\u0026nbsp;-\u0026nbsp;Original draft: DD.; Funding acquisition: PR; Visualization: DD; Writing\u0026nbsp;-\u0026nbsp;Review and editing: PR and EC. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding sources\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis experiment was financed by the \u003cem\u003ePlan pour une \u0026eacute;conomie verte\u003c/em\u003e (PEV, Government of Quebec) and is mainly part of project 112959367 (leader: PR). The experiment is also part of projects 112332136 (leader: PR) and 112332111 (leader: DD) conducted at the Direction de la recherche foresti\u0026egrave;re (Minist\u0026egrave;re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u0026ecirc;ts du Qu\u0026eacute;bec).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data generated or analyzed in this experiment are not publicly available due to their ownership by the Government of Quebec but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request subject to a data-sharing agreement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe firstly thank Xylobois and Rexfor\u0026ecirc;t for the cutting operations, and Les Entreprises Steeve Couture Inc. for the cervid exclosures installation. We are indebted to \u0026Eacute;ric Saulnier, Serge Williams, Pierre-Luc D\u0026eacute;ch\u0026ecirc;ne, Aim\u0026eacute;e Benoist-Ch\u0026eacute;nier, Audrey Pich\u0026eacute;, Fr\u0026eacute;d\u0026eacute;ric Mireault-Pelchat, Gabrielle Tremblay-Brassard, \u0026Eacute;tienne Duberger, F\u0026eacute;lix Bouchard, and many summer students and trainees over years for field and laboratory work, Isabelle Auger for help with statistical analyses, as well as two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their valuable comments. Finally, we also thank everyone involved in the forest-assisted migration experiment and especially Alejandro Royo, Christel Kern, Alison Munson, Jean-Pierre Tremblay, S. Matthews, L. Leites and M. Kaye for contributing to the development of the experimental design, Catherine P\u0026eacute;ri\u0026eacute; and Travis Logan for the computation of climate analogues, Fabienne Colas (Centre de semences foresti\u0026egrave;res de Berthier), D. McPhee (National Tree Seed Centre), D. Lee (Saratoga Tree Nursery), Alejandro Royo, Jean-Luc Landreville and Hugo Tremblay for providing seeds, as well as Marie-Jos\u0026eacute;e Gilbert and R\u0026eacute;my Thouin (P\u0026eacute;pini\u0026egrave;re foresti\u0026egrave;re de Berthier) for coordinating seedling production.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAitken S.N., Yeaman S., Holliday J.A., Wang T., Curtis-McLane S. 2008. Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for tree populations. Evol. Appl. 1: 95\u0026ndash;111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00013.x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlexander J.D., Donnelly J.R., Shane J.B. 1995. Photosynthetic and transpirational responses of red spruce understory trees to light and temperature. Tree Physiol. 15: 393\u0026ndash;398. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/15.6.393\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBardon R.E., Countryman D.W., Hall R.B. 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Les Publications du Qu\u0026eacute;bec, Sainte-Foy, 213 p.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoyo A., Kern C.C., Raymond P., Adams B.T.,\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eBronson D., Champagne E., Dumais D., Gustafson E., Marquardt P.E., McGraw A.M., Miesel J., Munson A.D., P\u0026eacute;ri\u0026eacute; C., Moreira F.J.T., Ola A., Bouchard M., Bissonnette, J.F. 2023. Desired REgeneration through Assisted Migration (DREAM): implementing a research framework for climate-adaptive silviculture. For. Ecol. Manage. 546: 121298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121298\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSaucier J.P., Grondin P., Robitaille A., Gosselin J., Morneau C., Richard P.J.H., Brisson J., Sirois L., Leduc A., Morin H., Thiffault \u0026Eacute;., Gauthier S., Lavoie C., Payette S. 2009. Chapitre 4 \u0026mdash; \u0026Eacute;cologie foresti\u0026egrave;re. In: Ordre des ing\u0026eacute;nieurs forestiers du Qu\u0026eacute;bec (ed.), Manuel de foresterie, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e ed. \u0026Eacute;ditions MultiMondes. Montr\u0026eacute;al, QC, p. 165\u0026ndash;315.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSebastian-Azcona J., Hamann A., Hacke U.G., Rweyongeza D. 2019. Survival, growth and cold hardiness tradeoffs in white spruce populations: Implications for assisted migration. For. Ecol. Manage. 433: 544\u0026ndash;552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.046\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShepperd W.D., Edminster C.B., Mata S.A. 2006. Long-term seedfall, establishment, survival, and growth of natural and planted ponderosa pine in the Colorado Front Range. West. J. Appl. For. 21: 19\u0026ndash;26. https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.1.19\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSilvestro R., Rossi S., Zhang S., Froment I., Huang J.G., Saracino A. 2019. From phenology to forest management: Ecotypes selection can avoid early or late frosts, but not both. For. Ecol. Manage. 436: 21\u0026ndash;26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.005\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSittaro F., Paquette A., Messier C., Nock C.A. 2017. Tree range expansion in eastern North America fails to keep pace with climate warming at northern range limits. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23: 3292\u0026ndash;3301. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13622\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSte-Marie C., Nelson E.A., Dabros A., Bonneau M.E. 2011. Assisted migration: Introduction to a multifaceted concept. For. Chron. 87: 724\u0026ndash;730. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-089\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVerheyen K., Vanhellemont M., Stock T., Hermy M. 2007. Predicting patterns of invasion by black cherry (\u003cem\u003ePrunus serotina\u003c/em\u003e Ehrh.) in Flanders (Belgium) and its impact on the forest understorey community. Divers. Distrib. 13: 487\u0026ndash;497. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i405969\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilliams M.I., Dumroese R.K. 2013. Preparing for climate change: forestry and assisted migration. J. For. 111: 287\u0026ndash;297. https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.13-016\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWinder R., Nelson E.A., Beardmore T. 2011. Ecological implications for assisted migration in Canadian forests. For. Chron. 87: 731\u0026ndash;744. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-090\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhu K., Woodall C., Clark J.S. 2011. Failure to migrate: Lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change. Glob. Chang. Biol. 18: 1042\u0026ndash;1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02571.x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"new-forests","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nefo","sideBox":"Learn more about [New Forests](http://link.springer.com/journal/11056)","snPcode":"11056","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11056/3","title":"New Forests","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Adaptive silviculture, Enrichment planting, Forest assisted migration, Gas exchange, Leaf acclimation, Water stress","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4689227/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4689227/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eForest assisted migration, the human-mediated movement of tree populations or species, is an adaptive silvicultural tool that could help forest transition to future climate while maintaining their productivity and ecosystem services. However, we need additional knowledge about the physiology of translocated seedlings to select the most appropriate species, provenances (i.e., seed sources) and silvicultural treatments surrounding this adaptive strategy. We used the first experimental site of the DREAM Network to assess early ecophysiology of local and translocated seedlings of eight species (\u003cem\u003ePrunus serotina\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQuercus rubra\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAcer saccharum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePicea glauca\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePicea rubens\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus strobus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus resinosa\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eThuja occidentalis\u003c/em\u003e). Seedlings were planted in a mixed plantation design in patch clearcut and in regular shelterwood system. For each species, seedlings were produced from three geographical provenances representing current climate (2018), mid-century and end-century climates (predicted for 2050 and 2080), based on climate analogues. Shelterwood partial cover proved useful during the establishment (e.g., to protect seedlings from late frost) with limited impacts on physiological performance. When planted in patch clearcut, \u003cem\u003ePrunus serotina\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQuercus rubra\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAcer saccharum\u003c/em\u003e from mid-century and end-century climate analogues experienced lower water stress, suggesting a better drought tolerance than those from local provenances. Overall, insights from this ecophysiological monitoring indicated that translocated southern seedlings perform as well as or better than local provenances, suggesting that they can acclimate to their new destination site.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Translocated southern seedlings perform as well as local provenances: insights from an ecophysiological monitoring under varying cutting modalities","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-30 10:42:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4689227/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-12-09T18:16:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-10T01:20:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"57946652550298640524702615685740187605","date":"2024-10-30T18:01:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-10-27T22:31:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"233786833851098993309859543786817044920","date":"2024-10-22T19:30:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"297246104671449201848514773043512958784","date":"2024-10-17T19:34:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-10-15T18:29:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-07-05T10:39:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-07-05T10:37:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"New Forests","date":"2024-07-05T02:56:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"new-forests","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nefo","sideBox":"Learn more about [New Forests](http://link.springer.com/journal/11056)","snPcode":"11056","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11056/3","title":"New Forests","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2fdd8687-1b75-4f97-8309-bef59fb9cffb","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 30th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-06T16:23:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4689227","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-024-10089-z","journal":{"identity":"new-forests","isVorOnly":false,"title":"New Forests"},"publishedOn":"2024-12-30 15:57:17","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 30th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-30 10:42:36","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11056-024-10089-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-024-10089-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4689227","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4689227","identity":"rs-4689227","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}